History of corn milling .. - Centrostudirpinia.it
History of corn milling .. - Centrostudirpinia.it History of corn milling .. - Centrostudirpinia.it
176 HISTORY OF CORN MILLING: vol. iv. IV. KING'S MILLS, LIVERPOOL. 19. Townsend Windmill. The Horse- mill, 1361-1667. Moore Deeds, 357. Rental, 50. Alley, and at the Inquisition following his death in 1 53 1 he was found to have been possessed of "two horse-mills in Liverpool." Subsequently the mill in Whiteacres Street was abolished and that " in Castle Street " retained ; this being the particular horse-mill which the defendants in the cause of 1587 stated William More possessed in Liverpool. In the time of Sir Edward Moore its site may be identified by the Rental:—''You may build a house in Phoenix Alley (where Boulton the miller lived) fronting to Fenwick Alley, only remembering to be careful not to stop the lights of the horse-mill. . . . Remember Andell (of Phoi^nix Alley) doth not with his back buildings stop away any of the lights belonging to the horse-mill." The map of 1765 shows these alleys, and enables the site to be fixed as near the junction of Fenwick Street and Brunswick Street, beside the corner of the Corn Exchange, the approach only to the mill being in Castle Street.* The business done at this malt mill in the centre of the town must have been considerable, and Moore was by no means unappreciative of its value :— The horse-mill, God bless it ! a thing of great concernment to your estate. I have got, when the trading to Lockabar was used, 20 measures of toll a week for two years together when malt sold for 5s. a Winchester measure.- But now 9 or 10 measures a week, and against fairs or holidays 20 measures a week. This remember, have a great eye how custom rises or falls at this mill. Know every week what tenant you have that grinds away without lawful cause, and make them pay for it according to the covenants in their leases. . . . Mark well the covenant for grinding at your mills : let your penalty be as high as you can agree with * Near the mill on the east side of Castle Street stood the once well-known hostelry " The Millstone." In 1738 the Laneas]lire Journal 2A\tx\\%&'=> the loss of a horse at "The Millstone at Liverpool" ; and in 1744 one Ralph Peters charges the corporation, according to their books, with "Expenses at the Millstone taking" affidavits 8s. 6d.," in connection with one of their lawsuits. It was then "an inn of the first class." and one of the {^\^ at which post-chaises were kept. In 1766 one of the two stage-coaches " which go constantly to London in three days in the winter and two in the summer" started from " The Millstone in Castle Street" ; the other running from " The Talbot " in Water Street. Herdman says the inn was kept by one Elizabeth Harrison "as late as 1766"; but ten years after this date the Liverpool newspapers advertised a sale there of the effects of George Cockshott the last host who ; presided over the fortunes of " The Millstone."
SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 177 them. It would be a good way to invite, one day in the Christmas, IV. all that are customers to your mills, and be known to your tenants KING'S MILLS, both in the town and country. I am confident it would get both LIVERPOOL. this mill and the other great custom. Remember there can be no more mills in the town than what is already. 20. Encroachments on what soke remained to him 20. Townsend pfave Moore some concern :— Wmdmill. ^ Encroach- Of late Captain Fazakerley hath erected a mill in the Castle which ments, 1667. he pretends is not in the liberty of the town. Query, if you may pull it down, since it is none of the king's mill nor pays him no rent ? Or query, how there might be an order made in the mayor's court to Rental, 70. see who doth suit at the king's mill [Townsend], and so to procure an order that the tenants belonging to the king may not go from the king's mill out of the liberty of the town. Captain Fazakerley was governor of the royal castle of Liverpool, in which, as already mentioned, there had been a horse-mill and a bakery for the use of the garrison from very early times till the year 1663. At this date " a true and perfect account of what part of the Castle of Liverpool is to be demolished" in- cluded the item— ''a house between two breadths ofLordLieu- the inner wall that, pulled down, must likewise M^Jnute^s destroy the horse-mill." But it had not been destroyed, 1662-76. and, according to Moore, was grinding for the burgesses ; claiming to be on private royal estate, and therefore outside the liberties of the town. In any case its operation for burgesses was certainly illegal ; for the king before this date had sold his manorial rights in Liverpool, and his mill could not be justified Text, 1. 124; in encroaching on the soke he had sold. The '' tenants king's " Moore mentions were practically his own, he being the king's miller, and they had no right to frequent the Castle Mill. Except for the disturbed state of affairs and Moore's troubled condition, he would have had no difficulty whatever in suppressing the operations of the Castle Mill by an action at law. He was also perturbed as to a diversion of the ancient stream from Moss Lake on the heath, that VOL. IV. M ^ • ^^ •
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 177<br />
them. It would be a good way to inv<strong>it</strong>e, one day in the Christmas,<br />
IV.<br />
all that are customers to your mills, and be known to your tenants KING'S MILLS,<br />
both in the town and country. I am confident <strong>it</strong> would get both LIVERPOOL.<br />
this mill and the other great custom.<br />
Remember there can be no more mills in the town than what is<br />
already.<br />
20. Encroachments on what soke remained to him 20. Townsend<br />
pfave Moore some concern :— Wmdmill.<br />
^ Encroach-<br />
Of late Captain Fazakerley hath erected a mill in the Castle which ments, 1667.<br />
he pretends is not in the liberty <strong>of</strong> the town. Query, if you may pull<br />
<strong>it</strong> down, since <strong>it</strong> is none <strong>of</strong> the king's mill nor pays him no rent ?<br />
Or query, how there might be an order made in the mayor's court to Rental, 70.<br />
see who doth su<strong>it</strong> at the king's mill [Townsend], and so to procure<br />
an order that the tenants belonging to the king may not go from the<br />
king's mill out <strong>of</strong> the liberty <strong>of</strong> the town.<br />
Captain Fazakerley was governor <strong>of</strong> the royal castle<br />
<strong>of</strong> Liverpool, in which, as already mentioned, there<br />
had been a horse-mill and a bakery for the use <strong>of</strong><br />
the garrison from very early times till the year 1663.<br />
At this date " a true and perfect account <strong>of</strong> what part<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Castle <strong>of</strong> Liverpool is to be demolished" in-<br />
cluded the <strong>it</strong>em— ''a house between two breadths <strong>of</strong>LordLieu-<br />
the inner wall that, pulled down, must likewise M^Jnute^s<br />
destroy the horse-mill." But <strong>it</strong> had not been destroyed, 1662-76.<br />
and, according to Moore, was grinding for the burgesses<br />
; claiming to be on private royal estate, and<br />
therefore outside the liberties <strong>of</strong> the town. In any<br />
case <strong>it</strong>s operation for burgesses was certainly illegal ;<br />
for the king before this date had sold his manorial<br />
rights in Liverpool, and his mill could not be justified Text, 1. 124;<br />
in encroaching on the soke he had sold. The ''<br />
tenants<br />
king's " Moore mentions were practically his own,<br />
he being the king's miller, and they had no right to<br />
frequent the Castle Mill. Except for the disturbed<br />
state <strong>of</strong> affairs and Moore's troubled cond<strong>it</strong>ion, he<br />
would have had no difficulty whatever in suppressing<br />
the operations <strong>of</strong> the Castle Mill by an action at law.<br />
He was also perturbed as to a diversion <strong>of</strong> the<br />
ancient stream from Moss Lake on the heath, that<br />
VOL. IV. M<br />
^ • ^^ •
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