History of corn milling .. - Centrostudirpinia.it
History of corn milling .. - Centrostudirpinia.it History of corn milling .. - Centrostudirpinia.it
94 HISTORY OF CORN MILLING: vol. iv. DEE^MiLLS ^^^^ ^^^^ decision the Dee soke was practically CHESTER. ' broken. The mere contemplation of buying out the 15. Soke builder of an illegal mill, or compensating him for his damaged by expenses in resisting ancient custom, proved, indeed, Ald^Hankey, ^|^^^ jj^^-j^ ^.-^^ j^^ ^^^ j^^^ which foreboded destruction. There seems to be no record as to what arrangement was made with Hankey ; but so far as the citizens were concerned, he had gained a great victory for them at considerable risk to himself As to Gamull, it is stated that he, in nowise discouraged, "after- wards erected a new mill adjoining to the said mills," and prepared for an increased custom from the city. In 1586 he became mayor of Chester. 16. Gamull's 16. Convinced of the value of the establishment if Purchase, ^.j^^ ^^^^ were duly enforced, Gamull, in 1600, became 1600. . ^ . proprietor of the mills. Two or three different versions of the transfer are extant. In pleadings of which the date (by an allusion to a certain event Had. MSS., taking place " about fifteen years ago") is to be fixed at 1635, it is stated that ''in 42 Elizabeth [1600] Sir R^ Cotton's heire conveies the Dee Milnes under the yearly fee-farme rent of c" to Thomas Gamull and his George Cotton Ibid., 2081. 154. heires." Pleadings ofabout 1623 state, '' was seised of Dee Mills : the said George Cotton and R"^ Cotton, his son, about the last day of June, 42 Eliza- beth [1600], sold them to Thomas Gamull, gent., for ;^6oo, with the fisheries, which yielded ^100 per annum " ; Thomas, the son of Edmund Gamull, being at this date twenty-nine years of age. But in Edmund Gamull's own pleadings in 1609 it is said Ibid., 2082. 20. "the corn mills are held of his Majesty by knight's service in capite by Edmund Gamull, alderman, who purchased them for 3000" in fee-farme of Mr. Cotton at 100'' rent per annum " ; and at an inquisition held Ibid., 2081. 216. in the same year the jury find that the mills " are in the possession of Edmund Gamull, alderman, which,
SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 95 with certain fishings, are held of his Majesty by mknight service, and by the yearly fee-farme of d\ Chester.' payable to George Cotton and Richard Cotton, esqs., 16. GamuU's and their heirs." The tenure by knight's service— Purchase, ^^°°* that of the previous holding by Sir R. Cotton— not only entailed upon the alderman a responsibility for possible military services, but had a more immediate effect in placing his grandson and eventual heir, Francis Gamull, in ward to the king. 17. One of the most curious and disastrous 17. Mills and attempts of Edmund Gamull to increase the soke of ^^^terworks, the mills was an alliance he made with the speculative John Tyrer, owner of city waterworks built closely adjoining the establishment of the king's miller. Gamull became a partner in this concern, agreeing to supply water or power from above the causeway in the river; while Tyrer, as was alleged, agreed on his part to supply no water to any citizens who refused to grind at Dee Mills. This unwise speculation was entered into in i6oi ; and, in the light of subsequent events, it is significant to note that in the same year some mysterious damage to the causeway threw GamuU's corn mills into idleness for several weeks. The full results of the league with Tyrer were not experienced by Edmund Gamull, as they accrued only after his death ; but its early effects caused him the gravest anxiety of his entire milling career. The water supplying alike mills and waterworks being impounded by the large stone dam across the river, it was obvious that the abolition of this causeway would set the citizens free of both Gamull and Tyrer at one blow. The barrier across the river was in truth a structure easily open to adverse criticism. Nothing but the fact of its erection dating back prior to the strict enactment of 1352 (ordering the de- Text, II. 185. struction of causeways in navigable rivers erected
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94 HISTORY OF CORN MILLING: vol. iv.<br />
DEE^MiLLS ^^^^ ^^^^ decision the Dee soke was practically<br />
CHESTER. '<br />
broken. The mere contemplation <strong>of</strong> buying out the<br />
15. Soke<br />
builder <strong>of</strong> an illegal mill, or compensating him for his<br />
damaged by expenses in resisting ancient custom, proved, indeed,<br />
Ald^Hankey,<br />
^|^^^ jj^^-j^ ^.-^^ j^^ ^^^ j^^^ which foreboded destruction.<br />
There seems to be no record as to what arrangement<br />
was made w<strong>it</strong>h Hankey ; but so far as the c<strong>it</strong>izens<br />
were concerned, he had gained a great victory for<br />
them at considerable risk to himself As to Gamull,<br />
<strong>it</strong> is stated that he, in nowise discouraged, "after-<br />
wards erected a new mill adjoining to the said mills,"<br />
and prepared for an increased custom from the c<strong>it</strong>y.<br />
In 1586 he became mayor <strong>of</strong> Chester.<br />
16. Gamull's 16. Convinced <strong>of</strong> the value <strong>of</strong> the establishment if<br />
Purchase, ^.j^^ ^^^^ were duly enforced, Gamull, in 1600, became<br />
1600. . ^ .<br />
proprietor <strong>of</strong> the mills. Two or three different versions<br />
<strong>of</strong> the transfer are extant. In pleadings <strong>of</strong><br />
which the date (by an allusion to a certain event<br />
Had. MSS., taking place " about fifteen years ago") is to be fixed<br />
at 1635, <strong>it</strong> is stated that ''in 42 Elizabeth [1600] Sir<br />
R^ Cotton's heire conveies the Dee Milnes under the<br />
yearly<br />
fee-farme rent <strong>of</strong> c" to Thomas Gamull and his<br />
George Cotton<br />
Ibid., 2081. 154. heires." Pleadings <strong>of</strong>about 1623 state, ''<br />
was seised <strong>of</strong> Dee Mills : the said George Cotton and<br />
R"^ Cotton, his son, about the last day <strong>of</strong> June, 42 Eliza-<br />
beth [1600], sold them to Thomas Gamull, gent.,<br />
for ;^6oo, w<strong>it</strong>h the fisheries, which yielded ^100 per<br />
annum " ; Thomas, the son <strong>of</strong> Edmund Gamull, being<br />
at this date twenty-nine years <strong>of</strong> age. But in<br />
Edmund Gamull's own pleadings in 1609 <strong>it</strong> is said<br />
Ibid., 2082. 20. "the <strong>corn</strong> mills are held <strong>of</strong> his Majesty by knight's<br />
service in cap<strong>it</strong>e by Edmund Gamull, alderman, who<br />
purchased them for 3000" in fee-farme <strong>of</strong> Mr. Cotton<br />
at 100'' rent per annum "<br />
; and at an inquis<strong>it</strong>ion held<br />
Ibid., 2081. 216. in the same year the jury find that the mills " are in<br />
the possession <strong>of</strong> Edmund Gamull, alderman, which,