Spanish Linguistics: The past 100 Years: Retrospective and ...

254 HISPANIA 81 MAY 1998
focus of many articles, a representative se- group, although Varela (1992) goes a long
lection of which was anthologized by
Hernandez-Chavez et al. (1975). The arway
towards rectifying this bibliographical
scarcity. The numerous Dominican, Colomticles
tended to focus on non-standard, ar- bian, and CentralAmerican (Penialosa 1984)
chaic, or slang elements of Southwestern populations in the United States have yet to
Spanish, rather than treating this speech receive monographic studies on language
community in neutral terms. Dictionaries usage, although a few articles have
and glossaries of "Chicano" Spanish emerged. Finally, small isolated dialects
uncritically combine uniquely regional have been studied intensely; the Isleno diawords
with colloquial forms found through- lect of Louisiana, descended from Canary
out the Spanish-speaking world (Galvan and Island settlers, is the subject of monographs
Teschner 1975; Cobos 1983; Coltharp by MacCurdy (1950), Lipski (1990a), and
1965). Important collections of articles on Armistead (1992), while the even more ves-
Southwest Spanish include Bowen and
Ornstein (1976), Green and Ornsteintigial
Brule dialect of Louisiana has recently
been described in detail by Holloway
Galicia (1986), and Bixler-Marquez et al.
(1989).
(1997). The linguistic aspects of Sephardic
Spanish in the United States have been ex-
Chicano Spanish as a legitimate domain
of sociolinguistic inquiry came of age with
amined by Armistead et al. (1981) and Harris
(1994), among others. Collections of arthe
publication of Penalosa (1980) and ticles examining diverse varieties of United
Sanchez (1983), as well as many theses and States Spanish include Amastae and Eliasdissertations.
Lipski (1985a) studied the lin- Olivares (1982), Bergen (1990), Eliasguistics
of code-switching in this variety of Olivares (1983), Elias-Olivares et al. (1985),
Spanish. Although sectors of the general Fishman and Keller (1982), Roca and Lipski
public continue to view Southwestern Spanish
and other varieties of Mexican-Ameri-
(1993), and Valdes et al. (1981)
can Spanish throughout the United States Spanish Applied Linguistics
as undesirable hybrids, linguists have maintained
high standards of objective scholar- Early work in what was considered Spanship.
ish applied linguistics took place within the
Puerto Rican Spanish in the United contrastive analysis framework and focused
States was first seriously approached by a on practical language pedagogy, producing
team of fieldworkers in Jersey City classic works such as Bull (1965), Politzer
(Fishman et al. 1971). Poplack (1979) pro- (1961), and Stockwell, Bowen, and Martin
vided a variational analysis of the Puerto (1965). Contemporary trends in linguistic
Rican community in Philadelphia while thought conceive of applied linguistics as
Casiano Montanez (1975) described the the rigorous study of first and second lanpronunciation
and Gutierrez Gonzalez guage acquisition. Contrastive analysis has
(1993) the vocabulary of Puerto Rican Span- taken a back seat to the examination of cogish
in New York City. Numerous articles nitive strategies and the interaction of unihave
described the sociolinguistics of versal grammar with language-specific
Puerto Rican bilingualism, including code- structural patterns. Within this framework,
switching and the possible interaction with Liceras (1993) and Perez-Leroux and Glass
English. Zentella (1997) describes the lin- (1997) bring together studies of second-languistic
behavior of bilingual Puerto Rican guage acquisition of Spanish, while
children in New York City, while Torres Hernandez Pina (1984) and Lopez Ornat et
(1997) profiles the sociolinguistic structure al. (1994) study Spanish child language,
of a New York Puerto Rican neighborhood. updating the early work of Gili Gaya (1960).
Cuban Spanish in the United States has Scores of articles and dissertations docunot
received scholarly attention in propor- ment first- and second-language acquisition
tion to the demographic importance of this of Spanish from a variety of theoretical per-