Spanish Linguistics: The past 100 Years: Retrospective and ...

SPANISH LINGUISTICS: THE LAST 100 YEARS RETROSPECTIVE AND BIBLIOGRAPHY 249
nal changes, laid out by chronological pe- Arabic coexisted for several centuries,
riod and correlated with major literary currents.
Lapesa has continued to revise his
while Wright (1994) offers sociohistorical
reconstructions of the interaction between
historical grammar, which is the benchmark
standard for courses in Spanish hisearly
Ibero-Romance languages and Latin.
torical linguistics.
Descriptive Phonetics
Lapesa's work was complemented by
Spaulding (1943), who made historical lin- The first major description of Spanish
guistics accessible to non-specialists, and by phonetics was Navarro Tomias (1918),
Entwistle (1936), who included Portuguese, which still ranks as the most complete trea-
Catalan, and Basque. Williams (1938) wrote
a definitive treatise on the history of the
Portuguese language. Martin Alonso (1962)
tise of its kind. Focusing on normative
Castilian pronunciation, Navarro Tomas
included articulatory diagrams and
traced the syntactic development of Span- palatograms, in addition to detailed phoish
based on literary works, while Keniston netic transcriptions and allophonic distribu-
(1937) gave an in-depth snapshot of Span- tions. More recently, Quilis (1981) has ofish
grammar as of the sixteenth century. fered a complete treatise on Spanish acous-
Matters remained relatively static until tic phonetics, complementing Navarro
the 1980s, when several books appeared: Tomas's strictly articulatory approach.
Resnick (1981), which provides exercises Stockwell and Bowen (1965) was a product
and a textbook-oriented approach; Lathrop of the contrastive linguistics school and pre-
(1980), which gives considerable back- sented a systematic if rudimentary compariground
on Vulgar Latin, and Penny (1991), son of common denominators in Spanish
which combines information on the histori- and (American) English phonetics. Hadlich
cal development of Late Latin with theories et al. (1968) and Dalbor (1969) became clasof
language change. Lloyd (1987) emerged sic textbooks of Spanish pronunciation for
as the most comprehensive treatise, while English-speaking students, while Quilis and
Pensado Ruiz (1984) gives a thorough treat- Fernandez (1964), published in Spain, ofment
of Spanish historical grammar with a fered a Spanish-language alternative.
chronological orientation. Maia (1986) of- Dalbor's book included brief comments on
fers the most comprehensive historical regional usage, and supplementary materigrammar
of Portuguese, including consid- als marketed directly by the author exerable
information on morphosyntactic de- tended the range of examples. Macpherson
velopments.
(1975) is unique in combining descriptive
The history of Peninsular Spanish pro- Spanish phonetics with a brief treatise on
nunciation was masterfully examined by historical phonetics. Barrutia and Terrell
Amado Alonso (1955), while Baldinger (1982) added descriptions of syllable struc-
(1963) proposed a model for the ture, while the completely revised Barrutia
diversification of the Ibero-Romance dia- and Schwegler (1994) gives a more detailed
lects, stressing sociohistorical factors over treatment of semivowels, accentuation, and
the substratum approach supported by intonation, as well as more details on Pen-
Jungemann (1956), among others. insular and Latin American Spanish re-
The above-mentioned works have con- gional variation. Teschner (1996) combines
centrated on philological facts and incorpo- regional variation with exercises in pronunrate
little in the way of theoretical orienta- ciation. Phonological theory plays no role in
tion, although descriptive theories of these books, except for rudimentary despecific
changes abound. Studies of scriptions of phonemes and allophones.
Mozarabic language, for example Galmes
de Fuentes (1987) and Penarroja Torrejon Spanish Phonology
(1990), have attempted to reconstruct the
sociolinguistic milieu in which Spanish and While descriptions of Spanish phonetics