Eckhard Bick - VISL

position:
adverb class:
A) set operator
até
B) time operator
já
C) meta operator
obviamente
intensifier
muito
MANNER
devagar
de avião
TIME/PLACE
hoje
PREDICATIVE
timidamente
before
noun
or NP
before
nonverbal
predicat
e
before
verbal
predicate 195
+ + 2
- 324 -
allows
fronting
+ 4 (+)
commaisolatedadclause
196
(+) 5 + +
adverbial
adject
clause-final
circumstantial
position
(1) 197 + +
+ +
5 + +
3 + + +
(4a) [Ainda/já/também] no Rio, provavelmente [nem/até/só/também/*ainda/ *de=novo] o Paulo pode
chegar muito [cedo/de=manhã/*até/*nem/ *simplesmente].
[Still - already - too] in Rio, probably [not even - even - only - too - still - again] Paul can arrive
very [early, in the morning, even, not even, just]
Ainda [ainda] ADV @>P ‘still’
em [em] PRP @ADVL> 198 'in'
o [o] DET M S @>N ‘-’
Rio [Rio] PROP M S @P< 'Rio'
,
provávelmente [provável] ADV @ADVL> ‘probably’
nem [nem] ADV @>N ‘not even’
o [o] DET M S @>N ‘-’
Paulo [Paulo] PROP M S @SUBJ> 'Paul'
pode [poder] V PR 3S IND VFIN @FAUX ‘could’
195 The numbers show which type of adverb ”wins” in the closeness-contest for pre-predicator position. Meta operators, for
example, appear after time/place adverbs, but respect other opertors’ right to be closer to the predicate. A typical sequence
would be: ’Ele hoje provavelmente ainda não comeu.’
196 i.e. related to the clause as a whole, rather than its VP kernel.
197 Pre-predicate intensifiers have a poetical flair and are rare in colloquial Portuguese, but where they appear, even setoperators
”respect” them: ’Ela provavelmente também muito ama livros.’
198 Another possible syntactic reading would be @SC>, as subject complement. For now, the parser chooses in such cases
the @SC reading for PPs - if there is a copula. If there is none, the adverbial reading is chosen for TIME/PLACE-PPs, and
an @SC/@ADVL ambiguity retained for other PPs: Ela está com @ Rio @P @ADVL> o amigo @P