Eckhard Bick - VISL

More documents

Recommendations

Info

a [a] DET F S @>N ‘the’ pergunta [pergunta] N F S @AS< ‘question’ de [de] PRP @N< ‘as to’ onde [onde] ADV @ADV> @#FS-P< ‘where’ mora [morar] V PR 3S IND VFIN @FMV ‘[he] lives’ Adverbial complements can, of course, co-occur with (same-level) adjuncts (3e) or (dependent) set-operators (3f), making contexts more complicated for the CG-rules. (3e) (3f) o [o] DET M S @>N ‘the’ tesouro [tesouro] N M S @SUBJ> ‘treasure’ ainda [ainda] ADV @ADVL> ‘still’ lá [lá] ADV @ADV> ‘there’ está [estar] V PR 3S IND VFIN @FMV ‘was’ $. o [o] DET M S @>N ‘the’ tesouro [tesouro] N M S @SUBJ> ‘treasure’ nem [nem] ADV @>A ‘not even’ lá [lá] ADV @ADV> ‘there’ está [estar] V PR 3S IND VFIN @FMV ‘was’ $. The @ADV tag (for valency bound adverbial) is used both for monotransitive and ditransitive constructions, though one might argue that especially PLACE-adverbs function somewhat like subject and object complements, respectively, predicating a location of an NP. Ele está doente and Ele está no Rio would then both be regarded as simple copula patterns, with an @SC tag for both the adjective doente and the locative adverbial no Rio. However, since some copula verbs, like 'ser', do not appear with place adverbial complements 176 , and some verbs, like 'ir', can't usually be used with nominal complements, I prefer to make a valency class distinction based on complement material (restricting copula class membership to nominal subject complementation), and uphold the distinction between @SC/@OC and @ADV. The two types of @ADV matching and valency, respectively, could also be distinguished by hybrid terms (@ADV-SC and @ADV-OC), derived - in a (tobe-written) CG mapping module - from the absence or presence of an accompanying @ACC complement: (4) atirando [atirar] V GER @IMV @#ICL-ADVL ‘throwing’ 176 apart from the special focus construction with ser - 302 -
a [a] PRP @N ‘the’ ramos [ramo] N M P @P< ‘branches’ sua [seu] DET F S @>N ‘his’ cantiga [cantiga] N F S @
Page 1 and 2:
Eckhard Bick ♠ THE PARSING SYSTEM
Page 3 and 4:
Abstract The dissertation describes
Page 5 and 6:
3.7.2. Making the most of the lexic
Page 7 and 8:
Inflexion tags 451 Syntactic tags 4
Page 9 and 10:
first, - but soon, it would move th
Page 11 and 12:
disambiguated), same level tags (to
Page 13 and 14:
chain, but rather the linguistic co
Page 15 and 16:
2 The lexicomorphological level: St
Page 17 and 18:
The core of PALMORF is written in C
Page 19 and 20:
(d) as part of words. For instance,
Page 21 and 22:
(1) binary search technique: a . .
Page 23 and 24:
acapitã#=#####B(orn)###413 acara#a
Page 25 and 26:
Words with graphical accents often
Page 27 and 28:
2.2.3.2 The inflexional endings lex
Page 29 and 30:
2.2.3.3 The suffix lexicon (1) 1
Page 31 and 32:
Suffix combination rules is also us
Page 33 and 34:
an V a DERP a- [ANT] brad Vi as HV
Page 35 and 36:
"inimigo" ADJ M P "inimigo" N M P
Page 37 and 38:
variable word forms receive '_'- li
Page 39 and 40:
The remaining 2 words of the 4-word
Page 41 and 42:
appear truncated or not, depending
Page 43 and 44:
comparison to the substring consist
Page 45 and 46:
My present linguistic solution 28 i
Page 47 and 48:
In some non-personal proper nouns,
Page 49 and 50:
(i.e., not too complex) derivationa
Page 51 and 52:
2.2.4.5 Abbreviations and sentence
Page 53 and 54:
Another case, where meaning bearing
Page 55 and 56:
2.2.4.6 The human factor: variation
Page 57 and 58:
circumflex-) accented words without
Page 59 and 60:
the tagger tries to identify a word
Page 61 and 62:
xxxar-#1##AaiD######54578 endings-s
Page 63 and 64:
"sombrancelha" N F P '=sobrancelha
Page 65 and 66:
(6) Word class distribution and par
Page 67 and 68:
VFIN 24.96 16 7.77 9 2.46 - - 25 3.
Page 69 and 70:
the present participle by derivatio
Page 71 and 72:
Inflexion tags combine with word cl
Page 73 and 74:
2.2.5.2 The individual word classes
Page 75 and 76:
SPEC "specifiers": independent pron
Page 77 and 78:
WORD FORM and LEXEME CATEGORIES gen
Page 79 and 80:
WORD FORM and LEXEME CATEGORIES dea
Page 81 and 82:
mood VFIN finite IND indicative SUB
Page 83 and 84:
prefixal derivation in verbs comple
Page 85 and 86:
graph. def. characteristics: hyphen
Page 87 and 88:
PP prepositional group de=aluguel
Page 89 and 90:
2.2.5.3 Portuguese particles By ‘
Page 91 and 92:
Deictic adverbs refer to discourse
Page 93 and 94:
algo, algum=tanto, nada, nadinha?,
Page 95 and 96:
quando når, da hvornår quanto [QU
Page 97 and 98:
(1) Language distribution and error
Page 99 and 100:
3 Morphosyntactic disambiguation: T
Page 101 and 102:
(4) "quando" conjunction or adverb
Page 103 and 104:
oth for the simple ambiguities intr
Page 105 and 106:
case of a 3.person possessor, the u
Page 107 and 108:
The fact that these semantic distin
Page 109:
In (Karlsson et. al, 1995:19ff) an
Page 112 and 113:
meaning- scope someone loves everyb
Page 114 and 115:
• 5. Tags can be integrated as me
Page 116 and 117:
19 0 0 - - - - >= 20 15 1 - - - - t
Page 118 and 119:
Portuguese non-name words. Apart fr
Page 120 and 121:
words: 40.8 10.5 17.9 2.9 0.5 3.1 8
Page 122 and 123:
quite distinct, and few irregular e
Page 124 and 125:
3.3 Borderline ambiguity: The limit
Page 126 and 127:
(5b) They [saw(see) [the girl with
Page 128 and 129:
Choose 'saw', if within the same cl
Page 130 and 131:
ambiguous words), moving them to "l
Page 132 and 133:
(3) modernização "modernizar" N
Page 134 and 135:
3.5.1 Probabilistics: The 'fire a l
Page 136 and 137:
In a brute force approach, for an a
Page 138 and 139:
While undeniably involving more con
Page 140 and 141:
Generative Grammar, introduced and
Page 142 and 143:
node without branches matching the
Page 144 and 145:
example is a grammar of one termina
Page 146 and 147:
wide coverage tagging and parsing t
Page 148 and 149:
ambiguity, Constraint Grammar can a
Page 150 and 151:
syntactic reach of ordinary hand-cr
Page 152 and 153:
“base form-1” .. .. WORD CLAS
Page 154 and 155:
Base forms ("...") are tags like al
Page 156 and 157:
play after base form rules targetin
Page 158 and 159:
The above sequences are examples of
Page 160 and 161:
3.7.2 Making the most of the lexico
Page 162 and 163:
(1) number of CG rules containing a
Page 164 and 165:
Intuitively, one might assume (a) t
Page 166 and 167:
constructions. Something similar is
Page 168 and 169:
are shaded, as well as the sum-colu
Page 170 and 171:
For global context syntactic rules
Page 172 and 173:
In table (4), three types of contex
Page 174 and 175:
ules appear to be slightly more com
Page 176 and 177:
(5a), continued ¡ ¢ number of con
Page 178 and 179:
in the sequential “understanding
Page 180 and 181:
all - 356 978 492 2219 C-percent 39
Page 182 and 183:
3.8 Mapping: From word class to syn
Page 184 and 185:
@ADVL [N-temp ADV PRP #ICL #FS #AS]
Page 186 and 187:
@#AS-A< [ADV-rel] @#AS- @#AS-
Page 188 and 189:
During the project period I have do
Page 190 and 191:
syntactic errors around it, by prov
Page 192 and 193:
1. Orthography and layout normalisa
Page 194 and 195:
Of course, the use of dishesion mar
Page 196 and 197:
S2 para aquele ... está perfeitame
Page 198 and 199:
Parser performance on speech data (
Page 200 and 201:
4 The syntactic level: A dependency
Page 202 and 203:
subjects, but the second subject ca
Page 204 and 205:
(7) SUBJ o [o] DET M S @>N 'the' b
Page 206 and 207:
4.1.2 Dependency relation types: Cl
Page 208 and 209:
(1) Table: Constituent structure ty
Page 210 and 211:
Any further, more detailed, syntact
Page 212 and 213:
discussion are inspired by Perini (
Page 214 and 215:
Thus, we get ”Comeu peixe/bananas
Page 216 and 217:
type-4 adverbials. Second, adverbia
Page 218 and 219:
they all share one, and only one, c
Page 220 and 221:
AB todos estes ambos os uns, uma,
Page 222 and 223:
from personal pronouns, are not mut
Page 224 and 225:
noun. Only very few adjectives (the
Page 226 and 227:
4.2.2 The adpositional group head a
Page 228 and 229:
However, adnominals can point to a
Page 230 and 231:
(g) isso existe (até/nem (nos Esta
Page 232 and 233:
4.3 The verb chain 4.3.1 The predic
Page 234 and 235:
* aspect estar/andar/continuar/segu
Page 236 and 237:
Ordinarily, 'o' is understood as su
Page 238 and 239:
second verb's object 152 ), with so
Page 240 and 241:
different subjects of matrix and su
Page 242 and 243:
case function ± fronting ÷ fronti
Page 244 and 245:
Quando ”quando” ADV @#FS-ADVL
Page 246 and 247:
abalançar a kaste sig ud i at acab
Page 248 and 249:
fazer xt, xd xdr få til at, lade s
Page 250 and 251:
4.4 Clause types and clause functio
Page 252 and 253: @#ICL- non-finite subclause (combin
Page 254 and 255: While it is one of the clausality t
Page 256 and 257: (6) ..., tudo @S< pago @NN mão @
Page 258 and 259: (1g) Não [queria [comer outro bolo
Page 260 and 261: Apart from the presence of predicat
Page 262 and 263: demais [demais] DET M/F S/P @>N ‘
Page 264 and 265: element is a comparator and the sec
Page 266 and 267: without a predicator's valency info
Page 268 and 269: quantifying) cases, indicating adve
Page 270 and 271: 4.5 Under the magnifying glass: Spe
Page 272 and 273: O assunto eram as ditaduras 2. F E
Page 274 and 275: The examples show that the normal "
Page 276 and 277: focusing function to the syntactic
Page 278 and 279: the quantifying adverbs mais and me
Page 280 and 281: qual DET @SC> @#FS-KOMP< antes era
Page 282 and 283: o [o] DET M S @AS< ‘that’ de [d
Page 284 and 285: [P=predicator, O=object, A=adverbia
Page 286 and 287: mais=de [mais=de] ADV @>A ‘more
Page 288 and 289: (2k) Ficou [ficar] V PS 3S IND V
Page 290 and 291: interno [interno] ADJ M S @N< '-'
Page 292 and 293: a preposition, por, then allowing f
Page 294 and 295: 4.5.3 Tagging the quantifier 'todo'
Page 296 and 297: connection with personal pronouns -
Page 298 and 299: 4.5.4 Adverbial function 4.5.4.1 Ar
Page 300 and 301: explanation for this may be that a
Page 304 and 305: carro [carro] N M S @SUBJ> ‘car
Page 306 and 307: pass the second test ('*De seu novo
Page 308 and 309: Therefore, the @ADV-@ADVL distincti
Page 310 and 311: @PIV, @ADV and @SC are - unlike @AD
Page 312 and 313: heads a "material" PP. The followin
Page 314 and 315: 4.5.4.3 Intensifier adverbs Intensi
Page 316 and 317: 4.5.4.4 Complementiser adverbs: Int
Page 318 and 319: complementiser in nominal FS or ICL
Page 320 and 321: hooked AS-relatives (3) they even a
Page 322 and 323: 4.5.4.5 Adverb disambiguation and o
Page 324 and 325: position: adverb class: A) set oper
Page 326 and 327: (5b) fits fairly well into the (A)
Page 328 and 329: antes/depois+de Depois [depois] AD
Page 330 and 331: While (2c-e) can be described as pr
Page 332 and 333: In (4d) ter ('have') does have mono
Page 334 and 335: When the potential subject is post-
Page 336 and 337: (1) Table: functions of pronominal
Page 338 and 339: ditador [ditador] N M S @N ‘-’
Page 340 and 341: In other contexts, para is not usua
Page 342 and 343: life that the work of different gra
Page 344 and 345: SPEC DET/SPEC ¬ @#FS/AS-N< artic
Page 346 and 347: 4.6.3 Tree structures for constitue
Page 348 and 349: dono de restaurante que pilota a pr
Page 350 and 351: |-@N
Page 352 and 353:
4.7 Elegant underspecification An i
Page 354 and 355:
5 The uses of valency: A bridge fro
Page 356 and 357:
Returning to a research view concer
Page 358 and 359:
5.2 Valency instantiation: From sec
Page 360 and 361:
Note that valency is treated as a f
Page 362 and 363:
REMOVE (@%vt) (0 @%vK) (*1C @
Page 364 and 365:
word order can't be counted on to m
Page 366 and 367:
than by asking ‘is it an A?’ or
Page 368 and 369:
hemisphere membership 218 , - ‘SW
Page 370 and 371:
disambiguate the senses ‘suit’
Page 372 and 373:
In all, the parser uses 16 atomic s
Page 374 and 375:
‘+ uninferable positive feature +
Page 376 and 377:
6.5 A semantic Constraint Grammar I
Page 378 and 379:
capable - by “negative instantiat
Page 380 and 381:
LIST = (@=c @=v @=p @=s @=t) ; LIS
Page 382 and 383:
um verão ‘a summer’ * ok. * f
Page 384 and 385:
An example of argument-head polysem
Page 386 and 387:
The program module implementing the
Page 388 and 389:
REMOVE (@=X) (*1 @%jn BARRIER @NON-
Page 390 and 391:
@AUX, 'know how to, can' @MV, 'ta
Page 392 and 393:
Note that the MT engine will choose
Page 394 and 395:
Even where none of the semantic rul
Page 396 and 397:
A casa revista PCP @N< revista PC
Page 398 and 399:
O Itamarati +HUM @SUBJ The Itamara
Page 400 and 401:
and a morphological CG module may c
Page 402 and 403:
• V-trees - vertical tree structu
Page 404 and 405:
descriptional complexity: 'full tag
Page 406 and 407:
Here, each line of the CG-notation
Page 408 and 409:
7.2 Grammar teaching on the Interne
Page 410 and 411:
system's disposal. After acquiring
Page 412 and 413:
the reach of "subject"-ness or "obj
Page 414 and 415:
provided and what choices can be ma
Page 416 and 417:
terminological confusion ? term not
Page 418 and 419:
The tree structure of the sample se
Page 420 and 421:
(5) Syntactic tree structures (VISL
Page 422 and 423:
two function tags, since the studen
Page 424 and 425:
7.3 Corpus research In the case of
Page 426 and 427:
- 426 -
Page 428 and 429:
- 428 -
Page 430 and 431:
The NURC speech corpus (“Norma ur
Page 432 and 433:
7.4 Machine translation 7.4.1. A te
Page 434 and 435:
processors used by translators or l
Page 436 and 437:
The following diagram shows how dif
Page 438 and 439:
8 Conclusion: The advantages of inc
Page 440 and 441:
- 440 -
Page 442 and 443:
Sources: English: EngCG: Karlsson e
Page 444 and 445:
(4) Table: syntactic tree structure
Page 446 and 447:
lexicon which ensure removal of fal
Page 448 and 449:
8.2 CG Progressive Level Parsing: G
Page 450 and 451:
Methodologically, it is commonly cl
Page 452 and 453:
$ the dollar sign is used to mark n
Page 454 and 455:
@#ICL-AUX< argument verb in verb ch
Page 456 and 457:
"unit" noun (e.g. "20 metros") att
Page 458 and 459:
SEMANTIC TAGS The tables below prov
Page 460 and 461:
ANIMATE NON-HUMAN, NON-MOVING bo 13
Page 462 and 463:
stof 136 fabric seda ‘silke’ ma
Page 464 and 465:
(-CONCRETE, - MASS, +COUNT) ‘modu
Page 466 and 467:
ax 25 plus below: (-CONCRETE, -MASS
Page 468 and 469:
cI 199 process (-CONTROL, imperfect
Page 470 and 471:
oot search lexicon search takes a w
Page 472 and 473:
translation, prepares bilingual lex
Page 474 and 475:
in a typical van/von-name chain con
Page 476 and 477:
Appendix: Example sentences The fol
Page 478 and 479:
é [ser] V PR 3S IND VFIN @FMV quas
Page 480 and 481:
será [ser] V FUT 3S IND VFIN @FMV
Page 482 and 483:
julgamento [julgamento] N M S @P< $
Page 484 and 485:
Os [o] DET M P @>N sabonetes [sabo
Page 486 and 487:
parte [parte] N F S @P< de [de] PR
Page 488 and 489:
inesquecíveis [inesquecível] ADJ
Page 490 and 491:
Literature Almeida, Napoleão Mende
Page 492 and 493:
Lindberg, Nikolaj, “Learning Cons
Page 494 and 495:
Alphabetical index Page numbers in
Page 496 and 497:
averbal subclauses;254 finite subcl
Page 498 and 499:
attributive;249 nominal;248 finite
Page 500 and 501:
for auxiliary definition;235;237 pa
Page 502 and 503:
subject identity test;236 subjects
Page 505:
ERROR: rangecheck OFFENDING COMMAND
show all

Eckhard Bick - VISL

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?