Approximants + Secondary Articulations - Bases Produced

Toothpick Time
• typically combines three different approximant
constrictions:
1. Post-alveolar (retroflex)
2. Lip rounding (labialization)
3. Pharyngeal constriction (pharyngealization)
• Hence, might be a better transcription.
• English speakers make the retroflex constriction in two
different ways:
1.Tongue bunching
2.Tongue curling
• ⇒ The articulation of is very complex.