Documentation of the Evaluation of CALPUFF and Other Long ...

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MPDF = 0 PDF NOT used for dispersion under convective conditions MREG = 0 No check made to see if options conform to regulatory Options Two different values were used for the dispersion parameterization option MDISP: = 2 Dispersion coefficients from internally calculated sigmas = 3 PG dispersion coefficients for RURAL areas (PG) In addition, under MDISP = 2 dispersion option, two different options were used for the MCTURB option that defines the method used to compute turbulence sigma‐v and sigma‐w using micrometeorological variables: = 1 Standard CALPUFF routines (CAL) = 2 AERMOD subroutines (AER) Several miscellaneous dispersion and computational parameters (group 12) were set as follows: SYTDEP = 550. Horizontal puff size beyond which Heffter equations are used for sigma‐y and sigma‐z MHFTSZ = 0 Do NOT use Heffter equation for sigma‐z XMXLEN = 1 Maximum length of slug (in grid cells) XSAMLEN = 1 Maximum travel distance of puff/slug (in grid cells) during one sampling step MXNEW = 99 Maximum number of slugs/puffs released during one time step WSCALM = 0.5 Minimum wind speed (m/s) for non‐calm conditions XMAXZI = 3000 Maximum mixing height (meters) XMINZI = 50 Minimum mixing height (meters) SL2PF = 10 Slug‐to‐puff transition criterion factor (= sigma‐y/slug length) A review of the respective CALPUFF parameters between the 1998 EPA CALMET/CALPUFF evaluation study using CALMET Version 4.0 and the BASE case scenario in the current CALMET/CALPUFF evaluation using CALPUFF Version 5.8 indicates differences in some parameters. The differences between the two scenarios are presented below in Table 4‐4. All other major CALPUFF options for current BASE case scenario matched the original 1998 EPA analysis. 59
Table 4‐4. CALPUFF parameters used in the SRL75 tracer field experiment modeling for the 1998 EPA and current BASE case analysis. CALPUFF 1998 EPA Current Study Option Description Setup BASE Setup SYMIN Minimum sigma y (meters) 0.01 1 SZMIN Minimum sigma z (meters) 0.01 1 WSCALM Minimum wind speed (m/s) for non‐calm conditions 1.0 0.5 XMAXZI Maximum mixing height (meters) 3300 3000 XMINZI Minimum mixing height (meters) 20 50 XMXLEN Maximum length of slug (in grid cells) 0.1 1 XSAMLEN Maximum travel distance of puff/slug (in grid cells) during one sampling step 0.1 1 MXNEW Maximum number of slugs/puffs released during one time step 199 99 MXSAM Maximum number of sampling steps per slug/puff during one time step 5 99 SL2PF Slug‐to‐puff transition criterion factor (= sigma‐y/slug length) 5.0 10.0 4.2.3 SRL75 CALPUFF/CALMET Sensitivity Tests Table 4‐5 describes the CALMET/CALPUFF sensitivity tests performed for the modeling of the 100 km arc of receptors in the SRL75 field study. The BASE simulation uses the same configuration as used in the 1998 EPA CALPUFF evaluation report, only updated from CALPUFF Version 4.0 to CALPUFF Version 5.8. The CALMET and CALPUFF parameters of the BASE case simulations were discussed earlier in this section. The sensitivity simulations are designed to examine the sensitivity of the CALPUFF model performance to 10 km grid resolution in the CALMET meteorological model simulation, the use of 12 km resolution MM5 output data used as input to CALMET, and the use of surface and upper‐air meteorological observations in CALMET through NOOBS = 0 (use surface and upper‐ air observation), 1 (use only surface observations) and 2 (don’t use any observations). In addition, for each experiment using different CALMET model configurations, three CALPUFF dispersion options were examined as shown in Table 4‐6. Two of the CALPUFF dispersion sensitivity tests using dispersion based on sigma‐v and sigma‐w turbulence values using the CALPUFF (CAL) and AERMOD (AER) algorithms. Whereas the third dispersion option (PG) uses Pasquill‐Gifford dispersion coefficients. Table 4‐5. CALPUFF/CALMET experiments for the SRL75 tracer experiment. CALMET MM5 Experiment Grid Data NOOBS Comment BASE 10 km None 0 Original met observations only configuration EXP1A 10 km 12 km 0 Aug 2009 IWAQM w/10 km grid using 12 km MM5 EXP1B 10 km 12 km 1 Don’t use observed upper‐air meteorological data EXP1C 10 km 12 km 2 Don’t use observed surface/upper‐air meteorological data 60
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Documentation of the Evaluation of
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FOREWARD This report documents the
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2.4.3 ATMES‐II Model Evaluation A
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ABSTRACT The CALP
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OVERVIEW OF APPROACH Up to six LRT
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CALPUFF performance is evaluated by
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Table ES‐2. ATMES‐II spatial an
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• CALPUFF tended to overstate the
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• The best performing CALPUFF con
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2009a). The key findings from the C
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1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2
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2.4 2 1.6 1.2 0.8 0.4 0 EXP4A EXP4B
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Figure ESS‐4. RANK statistical pe
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Evaluatioon of Six LRT T Dispersion
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Table ES‐6. Summary of model rank
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eproduce the northwest to southeast
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ETEX LRT Dispersion Model Sensitivi
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CONCLUSIONS OF LRT DISPERSION MODEL
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The CAMx and CALGRID Eulerian photo
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July 1980. Both experiments examine
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1.3 ORGANIZATION OF REPORT Chapter
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puffs expand until they exceed the
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Page 47 and 48: The ETEX real‐time LRT modeling p
Page 49 and 50: The ETEX study has formulated the f
Page 51 and 52: In this study we expand the LRT mod
Page 53 and 54: AM ∩ AP FMS = × 100% (2‐2) A
Page 55 and 56: Factor of α (FAα): FAα represent
Page 57 and 58: 3.0 1980 GREAT PLAINS FIELD STUDY 3
Page 59 and 60: compact discs, which were used to o
Page 61 and 62: ILEVZI = 1 Layer of winds to use in
Page 63 and 64: MCHEM = 0 No chemical transformatio
Page 65 and 66: Table 3‐6. CALPUFF/CALMET experim
Page 67 and 68: Table 3‐11. CALPUFF/MMIF sensitiv
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Page 71 and 72: Tables 3‐13 and Figures 3‐2 thr
Page 73 and 74: 140% 120% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0%
Page 75 and 76: 30% 20% 10% 0% ‐10% ‐20% ‐30%
Page 77 and 78: 120% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% ‐20%
Page 79 and 80: 20% 10% 0% ‐10% ‐20% ‐30% ‐
Page 81 and 82: The fitted Gaussian plume statistic
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Page 85 and 86: 300% 250% 200% 150% 100% 50% 0% 300
Page 87 and 88: 60% 40% 20% 0% ‐20% ‐40% ‐60%
Page 89 and 90: with APS, implementing the slug opt
Page 91 and 92: the amount of time that the tracer
Page 93 and 94: Figure 4‐1. CALPUFF/CALMET UTM mo
Page 95: compact discs, which were used to o
Page 99 and 100: Table 4‐8. CALPUFF/MMIF sensitivi
Page 101 and 102: the fitted Gaussian plume is not a
Page 103 and 104: Figure 4‐2. Comparison of predict
Page 105 and 106: Figure 5‐1. Location of Dayton an
Page 107 and 108: MM5 runs, the first without FDDA (i
Page 109 and 110: Table 5‐3. MM5 sensitivity tests
Page 111 and 112: Table 5‐6. Definition of the CALM
Page 113 and 114: performance at the monitor location
Page 115 and 116: 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 35% 3
Page 117 and 118: 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% F
Page 119 and 120: 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% E
Page 121 and 122: 5.4.1.4 Comparison of CALPUFF CTEX3
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Page 125 and 126: CTEX3 discussed in Section 5.4.1. A
Page 127 and 128: CALPUFF sensitivity simulations are
Page 129 and 130: 14. Across all the spatial statisti
Page 131 and 132: sensitivity tests. The “B” seri
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Page 135 and 136: 6.0 1994 EUROPEAN TRACER EXPERIMENT
Page 137 and 138: Figure 6‐2a. Surface synoptic met
Page 139 and 140: Figure 6‐3a. Distribution of the
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2 1 0 ‐1 ‐2 3 2 1 0 23‐Oct 23
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70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Figu
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Figure 6‐9. Factor of Exceedance
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eceiving a 0.0 score. Figure 6‐13
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Table 6‐1. Summary of model ranki
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plume spread and observed surface c
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Figure 6‐16c. Comparison of spati
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• NoPiG: The tracer emissions wer
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Using the NMSE statistical performa
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6.4.3.2 Effect of PiG on Model Perf
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80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 2 3 4 5
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Table 6‐3. Summary of CALPUFF puf
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0.2 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.1 0.08 0.
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Figure 6‐ ‐22 displays the t sp
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Figure 6‐ ‐23a. Global model pe
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Figure 6‐24. Figure of Merit (FMS
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7.0 REFERENCES Anderson, B. 2008. T
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EPA, 1984: Interim Procedures for E
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Mlawer, E.J., S.J. Taubman, P.D. Br
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148 Appendix A Evaluation of the MM
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Table A‐1. Wind speed and wind di
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Table A‐3. Definition of the CTEX
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Figure A‐ ‐1. Wind speed bias (
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Figure A‐ ‐3. Humidity bias and
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Table A‐5. Comparison of CTEX5 MM
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B.1 CALMET MODEL EVALUATION TO IDEN
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Figure B‐ ‐1 displays th he win
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Table B‐2a. Summary wind speed mo
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B.2 CONCLUSIONS OF CTEX3 CALMET SEN
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C.1 INTRODUCTION In this section, t
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C.2.2 HYYSPLIT GLOB BAL STATISTIICS
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The final panel in Figure C‐3 (bo
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Figure C‐ ‐5. Global model m pe
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C.3 CAMX SENSITIVITY TESTS Followin
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ACM2 Kzz combinatio ons rank as the
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Figure C‐ ‐10. Spatial model pe
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Figure C‐ ‐12. Global model per
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Figure C‐ ‐13. Spatial model pe
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Table C‐3. CAMx FMS and POD spati
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Figure C‐ ‐20. False Alarm Rate
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Figure C‐ ‐23. Factor of o Exce
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The PCC values for th he six LRT mo
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The RANK statistical performancce m
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Table C‐55. Summary y of model r
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Results foor the TS me etric are pr
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Figure C‐ ‐35. Factor of o 2 (F
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a negativve FB. The best b performm
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performing model the most often sco
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United States Environmental Protect
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