Documentation of the Evaluation of CALPUFF and Other Long ...

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4.0 1975 SAVANNAH RIVER LABORATORY FIELD STUDY 4.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE 1975 SAVANNAH RIVER LABORATORY FIELD STUDY The 1975 Savannah River Laboratory (SRL75) field experiment was located in South Carolina and occurred in December 1975 (DOE, 1978). A SF6 tracer was released for four hours between 10:25 and 14:25 LST on December 10, 1975 from a 62 m stack with a diameter of 1.0 m, exit velocity of 0.001 m/s and at ambient temperature. A single monitoring arc was used in the SRL75 experiment that was approximately 100 kilometers from the source with monitoring sites located along I‐95 from Mile Post (MP) 76 near St. George, SC in the south to Hwy 36 west of Tillman, SC to the north and along SC 336. The 1998 EPA CALPUFF evaluation (EPA, 1998a) used the SRL75 SF6 tracer release in the CALPUFF model evaluation. However, the 1986 8 LRT dispersion model evaluation study (Policastro et al., 1986) used the longer‐term SRL Krypton‐85 release database (Telegadas et al., 1980). In this study we evaluated CALPUFF using the SRL75 SF6 database to be consistent with the 1998 EPA study. 4.2 MODEL CONFIGURATION AND APPLICATION Both the CALMET meteorological model and MMIF tools were used to provide meteorological inputs to CALPUFF. The CALMET modeling was performed using a Universal Trans Mercator (UTM) map projection in order to be consistent with the past CALPUFF applications (EPA, 1998a). The MMIF meteorological processing used a Lambert Conformal Conic (LCC) map projection because in must be consistent with the MM5 coordinate system. Figure 4‐1 displays the CALMET/CALPUFF UTM modeling domain and locations of the ~200 receptors used in the CALPUFF modeling that lie along an arc 100 km from the source. The tracer was observed using ~40 monitors that were located along I‐95 between MP 24 and 76 that were approximately 100 km from the source. When using the Irwin Gaussian plume fitting model evaluation approach, the tracer observations at the monitoring sites are assumed to be on an arc of receptors 100 km from the source. 55
Figure 4‐1. CALPUFF/CALMET UTM modeling domain and location of tracer release site and CALPUFF receptors along am arc 100 km from the source for the SRL75 CALPUFF modeling. In the CALPUFF modeling system, each of the three programs (CALMET, CALPUFF, and CALPOST) uses a control file of user‐selectable options to control the data processing. There are numerous options in each and several that can result in significant differences. The following model controls for CALMET and CALPUFF were employed for the analyses with the SRL75 tracer data. 4.2.1 CALMET Options The following CALMET control parameters and options were chosen for the BASE case model evaluation. The BASE case control parameters and options were chosen to be consistent with two previous CALMET/CALPUFF evaluations (Irwin 1997 and EPA 1998a). The most important CALMET options relate to the development of the wind field and were set as follows: NOOBS = 0 Use surface, overwater, and upper air station data IWFCOD = 1 Use diagnostic wind model to develop the 3‐D wind fields IFRADJ = 1 Compute Froude number adjustment effects (thermodynamic blocking effects of terrain) IKINE = 0 Do NOT compute kinematic effects IOBR = 0 Do NOT use O’Brien procedure for adjusting vertical velocity IEXTRP = 4 Use similarity theory to extrapolate surface winds to upper layers 56
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Documentation of the Evaluation of
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FOREWARD This report documents the
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2.4.3 ATMES‐II Model Evaluation A
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ABSTRACT The CALP
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OVERVIEW OF APPROACH Up to six LRT
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CALPUFF performance is evaluated by
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Table ES‐2. ATMES‐II spatial an
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• CALPUFF tended to overstate the
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• The best performing CALPUFF con
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2009a). The key findings from the C
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1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2
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2.4 2 1.6 1.2 0.8 0.4 0 EXP4A EXP4B
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Figure ESS‐4. RANK statistical pe
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Evaluatioon of Six LRT T Dispersion
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Table ES‐6. Summary of model rank
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eproduce the northwest to southeast
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ETEX LRT Dispersion Model Sensitivi
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CONCLUSIONS OF LRT DISPERSION MODEL
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The CAMx and CALGRID Eulerian photo
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July 1980. Both experiments examine
Page 41 and 42: 1.3 ORGANIZATION OF REPORT Chapter
Page 43 and 44: puffs expand until they exceed the
Page 45 and 46: that performance evaluation be base
Page 47 and 48: The ETEX real‐time LRT modeling p
Page 49 and 50: The ETEX study has formulated the f
Page 51 and 52: In this study we expand the LRT mod
Page 53 and 54: AM ∩ AP FMS = × 100% (2‐2) A
Page 55 and 56: Factor of α (FAα): FAα represent
Page 57 and 58: 3.0 1980 GREAT PLAINS FIELD STUDY 3
Page 59 and 60: compact discs, which were used to o
Page 61 and 62: ILEVZI = 1 Layer of winds to use in
Page 63 and 64: MCHEM = 0 No chemical transformatio
Page 65 and 66: Table 3‐6. CALPUFF/CALMET experim
Page 67 and 68: Table 3‐11. CALPUFF/MMIF sensitiv
Page 69 and 70: evaluation studies and evaluate whe
Page 71 and 72: Tables 3‐13 and Figures 3‐2 thr
Page 73 and 74: 140% 120% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0%
Page 75 and 76: 30% 20% 10% 0% ‐10% ‐20% ‐30%
Page 77 and 78: 120% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% ‐20%
Page 79 and 80: 20% 10% 0% ‐10% ‐20% ‐30% ‐
Page 81 and 82: The fitted Gaussian plume statistic
Page 83 and 84: 0% ‐10% ‐20% ‐30% ‐40% ‐5
Page 85 and 86: 300% 250% 200% 150% 100% 50% 0% 300
Page 87 and 88: 60% 40% 20% 0% ‐20% ‐40% ‐60%
Page 89 and 90: with APS, implementing the slug opt
Page 91: the amount of time that the tracer
Page 95 and 96: compact discs, which were used to o
Page 97 and 98: Table 4‐4. CALPUFF parameters use
Page 99 and 100: Table 4‐8. CALPUFF/MMIF sensitivi
Page 101 and 102: the fitted Gaussian plume is not a
Page 103 and 104: Figure 4‐2. Comparison of predict
Page 105 and 106: Figure 5‐1. Location of Dayton an
Page 107 and 108: MM5 runs, the first without FDDA (i
Page 109 and 110: Table 5‐3. MM5 sensitivity tests
Page 111 and 112: Table 5‐6. Definition of the CALM
Page 113 and 114: performance at the monitor location
Page 115 and 116: 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 35% 3
Page 117 and 118: 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% F
Page 119 and 120: 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% E
Page 121 and 122: 5.4.1.4 Comparison of CALPUFF CTEX3
Page 123 and 124: 0.48 0.36 0.24 0.12 0 ‐0.12 16% 1
Page 125 and 126: CTEX3 discussed in Section 5.4.1. A
Page 127 and 128: CALPUFF sensitivity simulations are
Page 129 and 130: 14. Across all the spatial statisti
Page 131 and 132: sensitivity tests. The “B” seri
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Page 135 and 136: 6.0 1994 EUROPEAN TRACER EXPERIMENT
Page 137 and 138: Figure 6‐2a. Surface synoptic met
Page 139 and 140: Figure 6‐3a. Distribution of the
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splitting flag near sunset (hour 17
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experienced during the original ETE
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2 1 0 ‐1 ‐2 3 2 1 0 23‐Oct 23
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70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Figu
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Figure 6‐9. Factor of Exceedance
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eceiving a 0.0 score. Figure 6‐13
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Table 6‐1. Summary of model ranki
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plume spread and observed surface c
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Figure 6‐16c. Comparison of spati
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• NoPiG: The tracer emissions wer
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Using the NMSE statistical performa
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6.4.3.2 Effect of PiG on Model Perf
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80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 2 3 4 5
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Table 6‐3. Summary of CALPUFF puf
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0.2 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.1 0.08 0.
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Figure 6‐ ‐22 displays the t sp
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Figure 6‐ ‐23a. Global model pe
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Figure 6‐24. Figure of Merit (FMS
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7.0 REFERENCES Anderson, B. 2008. T
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EPA, 1984: Interim Procedures for E
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Mlawer, E.J., S.J. Taubman, P.D. Br
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148 Appendix A Evaluation of the MM
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Table A‐1. Wind speed and wind di
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Table A‐3. Definition of the CTEX
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Figure A‐ ‐1. Wind speed bias (
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Figure A‐ ‐3. Humidity bias and
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Table A‐5. Comparison of CTEX5 MM
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B.1 CALMET MODEL EVALUATION TO IDEN
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Figure B‐ ‐1 displays th he win
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Table B‐2a. Summary wind speed mo
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B.2 CONCLUSIONS OF CTEX3 CALMET SEN
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C.1 INTRODUCTION In this section, t
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C.2.2 HYYSPLIT GLOB BAL STATISTIICS
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The final panel in Figure C‐3 (bo
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Figure C‐ ‐5. Global model m pe
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C.3 CAMX SENSITIVITY TESTS Followin
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ACM2 Kzz combinatio ons rank as the
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Figure C‐ ‐10. Spatial model pe
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Figure C‐ ‐12. Global model per
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Figure C‐ ‐13. Spatial model pe
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Table C‐3. CAMx FMS and POD spati
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Figure C‐ ‐20. False Alarm Rate
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Figure C‐ ‐23. Factor of o Exce
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The PCC values for th he six LRT mo
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The RANK statistical performancce m
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Table C‐55. Summary y of model r
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Results foor the TS me etric are pr
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Figure C‐ ‐35. Factor of o 2 (F
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a negativve FB. The best b performm
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performing model the most often sco
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United States Environmental Protect
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