Documentation of the Evaluation of CALPUFF and Other Long ...

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Table 3‐4. CALMET Parameters July 8, 1980 GP80 experiment, 1998 and current 600 km analysis. CALMET Option Description Maximum search radius for averaging MNDAV mixing heights (# grid cells) ZIMIN Minimum overland mixing height (in meters) ZIMAX Maximum overland mixing height (in meters) RMIN Minimum radius of influence in wind field interpolation (in km) 1998 EPA Setup 25 BASE Setup 3 1 100 50 3200 3000 2.0 0.1 3.2.1.2 CALPUFF Control Options The following CALPUFF control parameters, which are a subset of the control parameters, were used. These parameters and options were mostly chosen to be consistent with the 1977 INEL study (Irwin 1997) and 1998 EPA CALPUFF evaluation (EPA, 1998a) studies. This includes the use of the slug option (MSLUG = 1) for the 100 km arc CALPUFF simulations. The use of the slug option is very non‐standard for LRT modeling and inconsistent with the EPA‐FLM recommendations for far‐field CALPUFF modeling. As stated on the CALPUFF website 18 : “A slug is simply an elongated puff. For most CALPUFF applications, the modeling of emissions as puffs is adequate. The selection of puffs produces very similar results as compared to the slug option, while resulting in significantly faster computer runtimes. However, there are some cases where the slug option may be preferred. One such case is the episodic time‐varying emissions, e.g., an accidental release scenario. Another case would be where transport from the source to receptors of interest is very short (possibly involving sub‐hourly transport times). These cases generally involve demonstration of causality effects due to specific events in the near‐ to intermediate‐field.” For the farther out 600 km arc, the slug option was not selected (MSLUG = 0) for the initial CALPUFF sensitivity tests even through the slug option was used in the 1997 INEL and 1998 EPA studies. However, we did investigate the use of the slug option, as well as puff splitting, in a set of additional CALPUFF sensitivity tests for the 600 km arc. CALPUFF options for technical options (group 2): MCTADJ = 0 No terrain adjustment MCTSG = 0 No subgrid scale complex terrain is modeled MSLUG = 1 For 100 km BASE case near‐field puffs modeled as slugs MSLUG = 0 For 600 km BASE case modeled as puffs (i.e., no slugs) MTRANS = 1 Transitional plume rise is modeled MTIP = 1 Stack tip downwash is modeled MSHEAR = 0 100 km BASE case – Vertical wind shear is NOT modeled above stack top = 1 600km BASE case MSPLIT = 0 No puff splitting 18 http://www.src.com/calpuff/FAQ‐answers.htm
MCHEM = 0 No chemical transformations MWET = 0 No wet removal processes MDRY = 0 No dry removal processes MPARTL = 0 100 km BASE case – No partial plume penetration = 1 600 km BASE case MPDF = 0 100 km BASE case – PDF not used for dispersion under convective conditions = 1 600 km BASE case MREG = 0 No check made to see if options conform to regulatory Options Two different values were used for the dispersion parameterization option MDISP: = 2 Dispersion coefficients from internally calculated sigmas = 3 PG dispersion coefficients for RURAL areas (PG) In addition, under MDISP = 2 dispersion option, two different options were used for the MCTURB option that defines the method used to compute turbulence sigma‐v and sigma‐w using micrometeorological variables: = 1 Standard CALPUFF routines (CAL) = 2 AERMOD subroutines (AER) Several miscellaneous dispersion and computational parameters (group 12) were set as follows: SYTDEP = 550. Horizontal puff size beyond which Heffter equations are used for sigma‐y and sigma‐z MHFTSZ = 0 Do not use Heffter equation for sigma‐z XMXLEN = 0.1 100 km BASE case – Maximum length of slug (in grid cells) = 1 600 km BASE case XSAMLEN = 0.1 100 km BASE case – Maximum travel distance of puff/slug (in grid cells) during one sampling step = 1 600 km BASE case MXNEW = 199 100 km BASE case – Maximum number of slugs/puffs released during one time step = 99 600 km BASE case WSCALM = 1.0 100 km BASE case – Minimum wind speed (m/s) for non‐calm conditions = 0.5 600 km BASE case XMAXZI = 3300 100 km BASE case – Maximum mixing height (meters) = 6000 600 km BASE case XMINZI = 20 100 km BASE case – Minimum mixing height (meters) = 0 600 km BASE case SL2PF = 5 100 km BASE case – Slug‐to‐puff transition criterion factor (= sigma‐y/slug length) = 10 600 km BASE case A review of the respective CALPUFF parameters between the 1998 EPA CALMET/CALPUFF evaluation study using CALMET Version 4.0 and the 600 km BASE case scenario in the current CALMET/CALPUFF evaluation using CALPUFF Version 5.8 indicates differences in some parameters. The differences between the two scenarios are presented below in Table 3‐5. All 26
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Documentation of the Evaluation of
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FOREWARD This report documents the
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2.4.3 ATMES‐II Model Evaluation A
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ABSTRACT The CALP
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OVERVIEW OF APPROACH Up to six LRT
Page 11 and 12: CALPUFF performance is evaluated by
Page 13 and 14: Table ES‐2. ATMES‐II spatial an
Page 15 and 16: • CALPUFF tended to overstate the
Page 17 and 18: • The best performing CALPUFF con
Page 19 and 20: 2009a). The key findings from the C
Page 21 and 22: 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2
Page 23 and 24: 2.4 2 1.6 1.2 0.8 0.4 0 EXP4A EXP4B
Page 25 and 26: Figure ESS‐4. RANK statistical pe
Page 27 and 28: Evaluatioon of Six LRT T Dispersion
Page 29 and 30: Table ES‐6. Summary of model rank
Page 31 and 32: eproduce the northwest to southeast
Page 33 and 34: ETEX LRT Dispersion Model Sensitivi
Page 35 and 36: CONCLUSIONS OF LRT DISPERSION MODEL
Page 37 and 38: The CAMx and CALGRID Eulerian photo
Page 39 and 40: July 1980. Both experiments examine
Page 41 and 42: 1.3 ORGANIZATION OF REPORT Chapter
Page 43 and 44: puffs expand until they exceed the
Page 45 and 46: that performance evaluation be base
Page 47 and 48: The ETEX real‐time LRT modeling p
Page 49 and 50: The ETEX study has formulated the f
Page 51 and 52: In this study we expand the LRT mod
Page 53 and 54: AM ∩ AP FMS = × 100% (2‐2) A
Page 55 and 56: Factor of α (FAα): FAα represent
Page 57 and 58: 3.0 1980 GREAT PLAINS FIELD STUDY 3
Page 59 and 60: compact discs, which were used to o
Page 61: ILEVZI = 1 Layer of winds to use in
Page 65 and 66: Table 3‐6. CALPUFF/CALMET experim
Page 67 and 68: Table 3‐11. CALPUFF/MMIF sensitiv
Page 69 and 70: evaluation studies and evaluate whe
Page 71 and 72: Tables 3‐13 and Figures 3‐2 thr
Page 73 and 74: 140% 120% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0%
Page 75 and 76: 30% 20% 10% 0% ‐10% ‐20% ‐30%
Page 77 and 78: 120% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% ‐20%
Page 79 and 80: 20% 10% 0% ‐10% ‐20% ‐30% ‐
Page 81 and 82: The fitted Gaussian plume statistic
Page 83 and 84: 0% ‐10% ‐20% ‐30% ‐40% ‐5
Page 85 and 86: 300% 250% 200% 150% 100% 50% 0% 300
Page 87 and 88: 60% 40% 20% 0% ‐20% ‐40% ‐60%
Page 89 and 90: with APS, implementing the slug opt
Page 91 and 92: the amount of time that the tracer
Page 93 and 94: Figure 4‐1. CALPUFF/CALMET UTM mo
Page 95 and 96: compact discs, which were used to o
Page 97 and 98: Table 4‐4. CALPUFF parameters use
Page 99 and 100: Table 4‐8. CALPUFF/MMIF sensitivi
Page 101 and 102: the fitted Gaussian plume is not a
Page 103 and 104: Figure 4‐2. Comparison of predict
Page 105 and 106: Figure 5‐1. Location of Dayton an
Page 107 and 108: MM5 runs, the first without FDDA (i
Page 109 and 110: Table 5‐3. MM5 sensitivity tests
Page 111 and 112: Table 5‐6. Definition of the CALM
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performance at the monitor location
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35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 35% 3
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40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% F
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40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% E
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5.4.1.4 Comparison of CALPUFF CTEX3
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0.48 0.36 0.24 0.12 0 ‐0.12 16% 1
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CTEX3 discussed in Section 5.4.1. A
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CALPUFF sensitivity simulations are
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14. Across all the spatial statisti
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sensitivity tests. The “B” seri
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‐0.1 ‐0.2 0 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4
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6.0 1994 EUROPEAN TRACER EXPERIMENT
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Figure 6‐2a. Surface synoptic met
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Figure 6‐3a. Distribution of the
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36 kilometers and the vertical stru
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splitting flag near sunset (hour 17
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experienced during the original ETE
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2 1 0 ‐1 ‐2 3 2 1 0 23‐Oct 23
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70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Figu
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Figure 6‐9. Factor of Exceedance
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eceiving a 0.0 score. Figure 6‐13
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Table 6‐1. Summary of model ranki
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plume spread and observed surface c
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Figure 6‐16c. Comparison of spati
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• NoPiG: The tracer emissions wer
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Using the NMSE statistical performa
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6.4.3.2 Effect of PiG on Model Perf
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80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 2 3 4 5
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Table 6‐3. Summary of CALPUFF puf
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0.2 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.1 0.08 0.
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Figure 6‐ ‐22 displays the t sp
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Figure 6‐ ‐23a. Global model pe
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Figure 6‐24. Figure of Merit (FMS
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7.0 REFERENCES Anderson, B. 2008. T
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EPA, 1984: Interim Procedures for E
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Mlawer, E.J., S.J. Taubman, P.D. Br
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148 Appendix A Evaluation of the MM
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Table A‐1. Wind speed and wind di
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Table A‐3. Definition of the CTEX
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Figure A‐ ‐1. Wind speed bias (
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Figure A‐ ‐3. Humidity bias and
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Table A‐5. Comparison of CTEX5 MM
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B.1 CALMET MODEL EVALUATION TO IDEN
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Figure B‐ ‐1 displays th he win
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Table B‐2a. Summary wind speed mo
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B.2 CONCLUSIONS OF CTEX3 CALMET SEN
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C.1 INTRODUCTION In this section, t
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C.2.2 HYYSPLIT GLOB BAL STATISTIICS
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The final panel in Figure C‐3 (bo
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Figure C‐ ‐5. Global model m pe
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C.3 CAMX SENSITIVITY TESTS Followin
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ACM2 Kzz combinatio ons rank as the
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Figure C‐ ‐10. Spatial model pe
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Figure C‐ ‐12. Global model per
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Figure C‐ ‐13. Spatial model pe
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Table C‐3. CAMx FMS and POD spati
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Figure C‐ ‐20. False Alarm Rate
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Figure C‐ ‐23. Factor of o Exce
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The PCC values for th he six LRT mo
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The RANK statistical performancce m
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Table C‐55. Summary y of model r
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Results foor the TS me etric are pr
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Figure C‐ ‐35. Factor of o 2 (F
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a negativve FB. The best b performm
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performing model the most often sco
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United States Environmental Protect
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