HEAVEN BORN MERIDA AND ITS DESTINY - Histomesoamericana

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24 INTRODUCTION Table 1. The Ceremonial of the Hab Association 1. Lineage Lineage head 2. Stone Honey Arbor Tree Beans Greens Turkey Com Yam Lima beans 3. Stopping place 4. Counselors 5. Bees Cup Flower 6. Katun keeper . East (Red) 7 Can Ul flint harvest alligator ceiba bullet tree ? yellowbreas&s.annona^ sapote P'iz Te - NoETJc"' Tocoy Mo Paua Hel Ah Mis honeybees blossoms flowers HulNeb North (White) Uaxim Culux Chacah flint harvest alligator ceiba lima beans whitebreast . .--.:•-:• . ".corn -.- ChacTe *""BaTun AhPuch Balam Na Ake honeybees flowers whiteback buds Cusamil West (Black) Yaxum Cau Ich flint alligator ceiba black beans black-asnights roadrunner conch stem yam lima beans XiuTic I Ban AhChab Tuc Uch Yam Az honeybees blossoms laurel flowers Ac Chinab South (Yellow) Puch Kan Tacay flint honey water (?) alligator ceiba bullet tree yellowbacks corn ear bullet tree roadrunner bullet tree Miz Tic AhPuch Cau Ich CoUoh Ah Puc honeybees blossoms yellowbell flowers KakMo known as Oc Na 'entering the house', and some version of it may also have been performed to mark the quarter and halfway points (each thirteen years). As with the ceremonial of the katun, which appears to have been modeled on that of the may, the Oc Na was probably an expanded version of the annual ceremonial of the hab. Landa (Tozzer 1941: 161) says in fact that it was held annually but I believe that to be a mistake. (A half-calendar round ceremony was due in 1555.) In its full form it was supposed to involve the rebuilding of the temple in which it was held, and it is always mentioned in connection with sacrifices. We have no explicit description of it. It would be logical to present the ceremonial of the may next. As a matter of exposition, however, I believe I can make the matter clearer if I move on to the ceremonial of the baktun and then return to the may. The ceremonial of the baktun, chapter 29 of the Chumayel, is a detailed description of the katun ceremonies at Merida at the beginning of 3 Ahau in 1618. But, because eighty days after the beginning of this katun was the end of an even baktun, 12.0.0.0.0 (the end of 5 Ahau in the Tikal calendar), the occasion was celebrated with a ritual extravaganza: a ceremonial drama in twenty acts. (The baktun has twenty katuns.) The previous performance of such a drama occurred in 1224; the one before that I
DUth fellow) uch an Tacay int oncy water (! lligator ceiba ullet tree sllowbacks am ear ullet tree roadrunner ullet tree liz Tic JiPuch .'au Ich :oUoh il Pue oneybees lossoms ellowbell flowers .ak Mo lay also îach thirtrs to have expanded 41: 161) mistake. (A m it was /as held, and no explicit Kt. As a clearer if the may. is a de- •-ginning of 3 this katun n the Tikal iza: a cere- .) The previf ore that V INTRODUCTION 25 was in 830; the next one is not scheduled until the twenty-first century. The occasion provides us with a kind of ritual key to the whole meaning of the Books of Chilam Balam and to the theology and mysticism they reflect and reproduce. The component ceremonies were as follows. Act 1. Mead. The balche ceremony, involving at least three days for the preparation of the mead, made from cooked and fermented honey and the bark of the balche tree, has been described by Redfield and Villa Rojas (1934) and by Tozzer (1907) among the Lacandon. Act 2. Tying. The bee god ties the faces of (i.e., masks) the 13 gods. The identity of the impersonators of these gods was supposed to be secret, so this may have been done in private. According to the Tizimin they were named Puzlum Pach 'hunchback', Thuchlum Ich 'squatface', Naclah Muyal 'rising storm', Naclah Uitz 'rising mountain', Chuclum Tz'iitz' 'sooty hoof, HubuLHub isinking snail', Cotz' y Ol Ch'elem 'rolling agave heart', Etz'el Etz*-'placing fakes', Ox Tz'alab u Nak Yax Che 'three squeezed in the belly of the ceiba', Cuchlahom y Al Max 'carrying baby monkey', Ox Ch'uilah Xotem 'thrice hanged', Pan Tzintzin 'old bugger', and Ban Hob 'many guts'. Act 3. Cycle Ending. The 9 Gods fight with, conquer, and sacrifice the 13 Gods, thus symbolizing the end of the thirteen-katun cycle: night conquers day. The Tizimin gives the names of the 9 Gods: Hau Nab 'slice point', Hutz' Nab 'split point', Kuk Nab 'quetzal point', Oyal Nicte 'island flower', Ninich Cacau 'wormy cacao', Chabi Tok 'digging knife', Macuilxochit 'five flower', Hobon y Ol Nicte 'colored flower heart', and Kouol y Ol Nicte 'pouched flower heart'. The Chumayel lists the 9 Gods among the 18 Flower lords under slightly different names. Act 4. Yearbearer. The 4 Yearbearers appear in the guise of the 4 Burners soot heads'. Some kind of fire ritual may be implied. Act 5. Bird. Quetzal and Hummingbird appear, representing the ancestry of the Itza and the Xiu, respectively. They bring offerings. Act 6. Heart. There is a procession, followed by the heart sacrifice on the pyramid. In this instance the sacrifice is symbolic: hearts of plants are substituted for human ones. Act 7. Rain. The 4 Yearbearers reappear, this time with, or in the guise of, the 4 Chacs. (They are also called Ba Cabs here.) They produce a rainstorm. There may be an implication that this symbolizes baptism, which has conquered the country and is the path of the future. Act 8. Circuit. There is then a ritual circuit to the four directions, each of the yearbearers carrying an alligator (Imix) tree of the appropriate directional color. This procession is said to symbolize the subjugation of the lands in all directions. A fifth priest, presumably the Center priest, carries his green tree to the center of the plaza. The procession was probably more complex than advertised. It almost certainly included the retiring Jaguar Priest and his Spokesman, the Jaguar designate and his Spokesman, the previously mentioned characters of the drama (the bee god, the 9 Gods, Quetzal, and Hummingbird), and probably other important lords, priests, and officials. Act 9. Seating of the Katun. The retiring Jaguar now divests himself of
Page 1 and 2: HEAVEN BORN MERIDA AND ITS DESTINY
Page 3 and 4: zA Havana '.BBEAN SEA 50 100 _l km.
Page 5 and 6: Publication Data .script). English
Page 7 and 8: CONTENTS Vil APPENDIX A. Concordanc
Page 9 and 10: 209 U8 10 43 Acknowledgments .MyrrS
Page 11 and 12: •SEy^*" Introduction Manuscripts
Page 13 and 14: 3n of the lumayel original bishop o
Page 15 and 16: primarily i neces- e, and it ed tha
Page 17 and 18: i diseases, they al- id as Fa- ' ma
Page 19 and 20: ire). And : of them the fold, hese
Page 21 and 22: 7.0.0.0, clear evi- •K 0 the lear
Page 23 and 24: d to some , thus dates. ladolid (V)
Page 25 and 26: ed out cycles of ipeated. ogy, so l
Page 27 and 28: nayel: Chable. hes the particule La
Page 29 and 30: the Crier dship. urround- acher mes
Page 31 and 32: s. Insults as lying, 1 three-day) .
Page 33: lave ended itual. The ;kin and with
Page 37 and 38: plate, burguar is must cerîty for
Page 39 and 40: lave been hable, Hoi n "The Fall n
Page 41 and 42: :ique and upied with un cererample,
Page 43 and 44: inbow zzard •wer in rd h the day
Page 45 and 46: nial— niais, beted next, teir ass
Page 47 and 48: and there first age, d and provn of
Page 49 and 50: id Izamal /ed again in iu hegemony
Page 51 and 52: e menlies (Oc ot until : hurricane
Page 53 and 54: in, and alct) their chapter i Long
Page 55 and 56: ida in lapter 27) m end to îish ar
Page 57: ;abo in Chahom îe south to order :
Page 60 and 61: Q.: What is a man on a road? A.: Ti
Page 62 and 63: 52 XI. Buluc ahau IX. Bolon ahau VI
Page 64 and 65: 54 THE EIGHTH CENTURY T u menel ah
Page 66 and 67: 56 (77) Bolon ahau hopci Xpnoil Uch
Page 68 and 69: 58 THE EIGHTH CENTURY Uchci U payai
Page 70 and 71: THE TENTH CENTURY 12 Ahau 3. The Th
Page 72 and 73: 62 THE TENTH CENTURY Y can ahau Y c
Page 74 and 75: 64 Ychil ah bolon ahau Katun (81) l
Page 76 and 77: 6 6 THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY Top: Kak
Page 78 and 79: 68 THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY T Ulom ah
Page 80 and 81: 70 THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY Bin y anac
Page 82 and 83: 72 THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY 9. The Ser
Page 84 and 85:
74 THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY f U ti (ix
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76 Caan Y etel luum Mach utz ka u t
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78 THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY Kin Chil,
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8o THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY Uayom ch'i
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82 THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY Ca u katah
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84 Ca kuch ob: ti kal: Ti u kalah:
Page 96 and 97:
86 Ca bin ob: kan a: Ca kuch ob: t
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88 THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY Ti mocon p
Page 100 and 101:
90 Huh u uay ob Ca hok ob i: Tz'otz
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92 Act 9 Ca hop i: U hetz' luumob Y
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94 Accunte u xukil u luumob Ah accu
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96 THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY Ca tun cul
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98 Ti el i: C u than y ah kin ti ob
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IOO THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY Tz'a C ex
Page 112 and 113:
I02 THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY 9: Hel e
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104 Yx chac ya Ybillo(b)* Yx chac*
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io6 THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY Ox paua h
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io8 THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY Ti ualaac
Page 120 and 121:
no U chun cumtan tza THE SIXTEENTH
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I 12 In colobta T a chi e u kan ti
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114 Kin colah peten U hetz' katun O
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i 16 THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY T Yax Ch
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II8 THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY T u patá
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I20 Ca u hatz'ab* Ca tun tac ti cut
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122 THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY U nup tan
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124 THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY Oxlahun A
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126 THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY Hoil Caua
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128 THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY T 22. The
Page 140 and 141:
I30 Bolon pis u lac Bolon pis u luc
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132 A4/7 i quinientos y quarenta y
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134 Na chi uc Ah kul koh Na chan mo
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136 THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY Uuc kal h
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138 THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY Ti u hop'
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THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 5 Ahau 26.
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142 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY Ba tab
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144 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY T u men
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146 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY Yx mact
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148 T u santo ok olal ob Y an u cux
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150 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 3 Ahau
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152 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 29. The
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154 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY CocAy,
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i56 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY Act 7 C
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158 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY (44) Ah
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160 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY Act 13
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IÓ2 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY Act 15
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164 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY Y utz'u
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i66 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY T u ban
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i68 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY T u xax
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I70 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY Ca bin
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172 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY Ti yx c
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174 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY Ca xic
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176 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY He ix c
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178 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY Seizure
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i8o THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY Bin ix
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182 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY He x u
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i84 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY Lay pay
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186 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY Bay tun
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i88 Minan u kab i Ma a luksic y oil
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ico U kabil Cab Suyua Mehen e ca a
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192 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY Hun tul
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194 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 31. Add
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196 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY Dios me
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198 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY U tuchi
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200 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY Y etel
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202 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY Tiy to
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204 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY Ca ix c
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2o6 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY He lay
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208 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY Can tza
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2IO THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY Ti y ah
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2 12 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY Ohelta
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214 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY Tzolen
Page 226 and 227:
2l6 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY Tali T
Page 228 and 229:
2l8 Yax Chuen, lord of Valladolid (
Page 230 and 231:
220 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 10 Ahau
Page 232 and 233:
222 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY Uay Tac
Page 234 and 235:
THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY 6 Ahau 4 Aha
Page 236 and 237:
226 THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY U cuenta
Page 238 and 239:
228 Kan Y opol yk Oxil uah U uah ca
Page 240 and 241:
230 O firmar* Ci jx u than Ca u kam
Page 242 and 243:
232 De ¡a çipii na* Defentenote*
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234 T u ca tz'it katun He tun cu th
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236 THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY U machma
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238 THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY De mundo
Page 250 and 251:
240 Çihil U can u yax batan op Hoc
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242 THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY Lay ya t
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244 THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY Ï Meqia
Page 256 and 257:
246 THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY La/ i ta
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248 THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY Y Ulu 59
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250 THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY Nachhen
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2$2 THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY Ek t u n
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254 THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY [note co
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256 THE NINETEENTH CENTURY Chiban k
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258 THE NINETEENTH CENTURY Ma tub u
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26o THE NINETEENTH CENTURY Ti tun u
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262 THE NINETEENTH CENTURY Ti jx y
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264 THE NINETEENTH CENTURY He tun c
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I. 3 2. 4 3. s 4. 5. 6. 7.« 8. 9.
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268 APPENDIX A c 26. 27. 28. 19." 3
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43. 143 Merida*144 177 \ •141 170
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272 Tz'itz'om Tun, 107 Tz'itz'on Tu
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274 Katun Ending Dates 8 Ahau 6 Aha
Page 286 and 287:
276 Date Seat Mayapan Calendar 11 A
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278 BIBLIOGRAPHY BROTHERSTON, GORDO
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28o BIBLIOGRAPHY LAND A, DIEGO DE.
Page 292 and 293:
282 BIBLIOGRAPHY THOMAS, CYRUS 1882
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284 goat; gopher; horse,- iguana; j
Page 296:
286 capital, 502, 528, 1895, 1926,
Page 299 and 300:
'ood; stones and ;Sj sun and moon;
Page 301 and 302:
t, 585, 636, 641, J, 2258, 2260, 29
Page 303 and 304:
ought and famine; ¡ney; meat; nect
Page 305 and 306:
4387; fourfold, d, 2258, 2260, t, 3
Page 307 and 308:
¿553; and gait, :, 804 r heart'),
Page 309 and 310:
62-63; of wing of 2317,2359.2373, .
Page 311 and 312:
ch, 4386; of land, 39, 5325, 6283
Page 313 and 314:
'•urch; costquisitionj , ritual;
Page 315 and 316:
c Jaguar, DRAMA, ,. 4096 i, 5586; s
Page 317 and 318:
I, 6461, 6473, 6478¡ 33, 3137,3141
Page 319:
s gourdroot, 3709; 1558, 1787,2328,
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HEAVEN BORN MERIDA AND ITS DESTINY - Histomesoamericana

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