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cultivated and naturalized in many parts of Malaysia and also in central India to Hawail. The trees grow naturally in the moist deciduous forests and is also often grown along hedges in the non-forest areas of the State. Under natural conditions, C. sappan grows mostly in hilly areas with clayey soils and calcareous rocks at low and medium altitudes. In Peninsular Malaysia, it grows best on sandy riverbanks. It does not tolerate too wet soil conditions. The tree is native to China, India, Malaysia, Myanmar Islands, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Province of China, United States of America. I is either cultivated or growing wild in South India (Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa southwards). In India it is cultivated in gardens and nurseries as a live fence plant in parts of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal and rarely found in the wild. I Karnataka, It is grown in Bagalokote, Bangalore, Bijapur, Chitradurga, Gulbarga, Koppal, & Udupi districts. In Kerala, it is grown in Callcut, Trichur & Quilon districts; rarely cultivated elsewhere. 4. Agro climatic Requirement The plant is found growing in a wide range of climatic conditions. Thopugh it withstands the drought, it prefers well-distributed rainfall of 750 mm. During the drought conditions, it defoliates to adjust the moisture scarcity in the soil. It grows best in tropical and sub-tropical regions with dry and hot climatic conditions. Where mean annual temperatures range between 24 and 28 0 c, & mean annual rainfall; range is 700-4300 mm. Sappan is a hardy tree adopted to different soil types ranging from clay to loam. The lush growth is obtained in red loamy soil. The soil should be deep and have adequate drainage facilities. Soil, Which is either saline or alkaline with poor drainage is not suitable for cultivation of this crop. It can tolerate sandy and sloppy soils and pH of 5-7.5. Thought it grows well in all kinds of soils lush growth is obtained in red soil. It withstands any amount or drought and defoliates onlu for a short period of 10-15 days. 5. Propagation Caesalpinia sappan is propagated by seeds, coppices and hard wood cutting 5.1. Seed Propagation 23
Seeds retain viability upto two years. Sometimes, seeds may lose viability withi 3 months of harvest. Seeds collected from ripe pods can be stored without much loss of viability. One kilogram of seeds contains about 1760 to 2260 numbers. Seeds have poor and delayed germination. Seeds require scarification or hot water treatment (10 min. at 50-60 0 C) for easy germination. The germination can be improved by treatment of seeds with concentrated Sulphuric Acid for 6 minutes followed by soaking in GA at 300 ppm. This treatment has given 71 per cent germination against, 24 per cent in untreated seeds. The seedlings are raised during April-May months. The plants are planted into the main field during the months of June-July which are the best months. 5.5.2 Vegetative propagation This plant can also be propagated by hard wood cutting. Cuttings should be 2.5 cm in diameter and 10 cm long.. 6. Transplanting and aftercare 6.1. Land preparation The soil should be ploughed thoroughly to bring it to a fine tilth. Then, pits of 45 3 cm in size are dug at a spacing of 4 metres accommodating 2500 plants per hectare. They are filled with topsoil and organic mix. 6.2. Varieties As there are no named varieties available in this crop seeds are collected from healthy and vigorous growing plants of local origin and multiplied. 6.3. Planting Direct sowing or planting of nursery raised or container grown seedlings is practiced for the artificial regeneration of the plant. The seedlings of 30-40 cm height, raised in poly bags are transplanted into pits immediately after the receipt of monsoon rains i.e., during the months of June-July. 24
Page 2 and 3: I P Karnataka. ***** The CCF-11 Pro
Page 4 and 5: i/ for departmental staff, NGO and
Page 6 and 7: 7 1' 5. Extension programme, commun
Page 8 and 9: Medicinal Plants Seed Center Budnal
Page 10 and 11: Propagation Protocol of Asparagus r
Page 12 and 13: 5.2 Vegetative propagation (Suckers
Page 14: The roots are also sometimes used a
Page 17 and 18: are deciduous and involucrate. A pe
Page 19 and 20: 6.1. Medicinal uses Parts used are
Page 21 and 22: Synonyms: Boswellia glabra Roxb., B
Page 23 and 24: are sown, to separate out the steri
Page 25 and 26: Boswellia serrata is also known as
Page 27: Filipino: sapang, sibukao French:sa
Page 31 and 32: 8.1. Mdicinal uses A decoction of t
Page 33 and 34: Medicinal Plants. FRLHT. Bangalore
Page 35 and 36: oil content and medicinal propertie
Page 37 and 38: This tree can be identified by its
Page 39 and 40: The soft wood grafting has been sta
Page 41 and 42: Products: Fruit mainly used for pre
Page 43 and 44: long; calyx up to 3 cm long, dark p
Page 45 and 46: Root suckers, which arise naturally
Page 48 and 49: Propagation Protocolo of Premna Int
Page 50 and 51: 7.2 Other Uses Leaves are edible an
Page 52 and 53: Seedlings can be planted to the dis
Page 54 and 55: flowers during January to March and
Page 56 and 57: 5. Transplanting & aftercare 5.1 Pl
Page 59 and 60: Propagation Protocol of Symplocos r
Page 61 and 62: Circulatory system: It is useful in
Page 64: Propagation Protocol of Gymmema syl
Page 67 and 68: Vegetative propagation: Vegetative
Page 69 and 70: 3. Joida forest-Moist deciduous for
Page 73 and 74: Studies of population status and pr
Page 75 and 76: during the current year some lianas
Page 78 and 79:
II. Mammea suriga (Buch- Ham. Ex Ro
Page 80 and 81:
7 Cassia fistula 17 Syzygium malaba
Page 82 and 83:
* values in the paranthesis are ang
Page 85 and 86:
III. Salacia reticulate Wight. Loca
Page 87 and 88:
Data presented in Table 9 elucidate
Page 89 and 90:
Table 11 Effect of potting mixture
Page 93 and 94:
IV. Symplocos racemosa Local name :
Page 95 and 96:
. Seed storage and propagation : In
Page 97:
Data pertaining to observation on g
Page 100:
S.No. Name of Medicinal Plant No.of
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