Budnal Ceed Centre - the Official Website of Karnataka Forest ...
Budnal Ceed Centre - the Official Website of Karnataka Forest ...
Budnal Ceed Centre - the Official Website of Karnataka Forest ...
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Filipino: sapang, sibukao<br />
French:sappan<br />
Hindi: vakam, vakum<br />
Kannada: sappan mara<br />
Indonesian: kayu sekang, secang, soga jawa<br />
Loa (Sino-Tibetan): fang, gang deeng<br />
Malay:sepang<br />
Thai:fang, fang som, ngaai<br />
Vietnamese: to moc, Vang nhuom<br />
Malayalam: Chappangam, Sappannam<br />
2. Botanic description<br />
Caesalpinia sappan is a small to medium-sozed. Shrubby tree,4-8(-10) m<br />
tall; trunk up to 14 cm in diameter; bark with distinct ridges and many<br />
prickles, greyish brown; young twigs and buds hairy, browbish. Leaves<br />
stipulate, bipinnate, alternate, 20-45 (-50) cm long, 10-20 cm broad, with 8-<br />
16 pairs <strong>of</strong> up to 20 cm long pinnae; pinnae with prickles at <strong>the</strong> base and<br />
with 10-20 pairs <strong>of</strong> oblong, 10-20 mm x 6-10 mm long, subsessile leaflets,<br />
very oblique at base, rounded to emarginated at apex, Flowers in terminal<br />
panicles, recemes pubescent, primary penducles 30-40 cm long, bracts<br />
ovate-acuminate, about 6 mm long, flowers fragrant, 2-3 cm long, 5-merous;<br />
calyx tube 3 mm long; corolla yellow, uppermost lobes cuneate, o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
obovate, all claved and gland-punctate;l stamens 10, filaments densely<br />
tomentose in <strong>the</strong> lower half; ovary superior, pubescent. Fruit dehiscent pod,<br />
glabrous, thick, flattened, obliqucly oblong, prominently beacked, woody,<br />
polished- brown, 7-10 cm x 3-4 cm, 2-3(-5) seeded ellipsoid, flattened, 18-<br />
20mm x 10-12 mm, brown. Flowering can occur after on year <strong>of</strong> growth<br />
when plant reaches a height <strong>of</strong> 3-5 m and usually during <strong>the</strong> rainy season,<br />
fruiting about 6 months later. Flowers are produced during March to May,<br />
sometimes extednding to August. Flowers are golden yellow in colour and<br />
are cross-pollinated by bees, butterflies and insects. Fruits mature in <strong>the</strong><br />
month <strong>of</strong> November-December. Pods are produced 13 months after planting.<br />
It bears pods <strong>of</strong> 3-4 seeds, which are ellipsoid, brown to black coloured..<br />
3. Ecology and Distribution<br />
The origin <strong>of</strong> C. sappan is not certain, but is thought to be in <strong>the</strong> region from<br />
central and sou<strong>the</strong>rn India through Indo-China to Peninsular Malaysia. It is<br />
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