Introducere (sau mic ghid practic) în MySQL - Profs.info.uaic.ro
Introducere (sau mic ghid practic) în MySQL - Profs.info.uaic.ro
Introducere (sau mic ghid practic) în MySQL - Profs.info.uaic.ro
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!<br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>Int<strong>ro</strong>ducere</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> (<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>sau</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>mic</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>ghid</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>practic</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>) <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>MySQL</st<strong>ro</strong>ng><br />
Traducere de Leonte Carmen – carmen@<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>info</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>iasi.<strong>ro</strong><br />
!<br />
"#$%&!#'()&*+!)%)!(,*(-.$!*!).&,*/-#$,$!).!01234!)./)#'./!5*/'+)&'&$'!(,).!#',$!%$!(*'&$!#,$'6!<br />
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#*.$#&',$'!+'!-.!51%;+!%$,7$,6!,-+',$'!#*5$.8)+*,!%)!7)8-'+)8',$'!,$8-+&'&$+*,=!01%;+!(*'&$!@)!/$!'%$5$.$'!<br />
@*+*%)&!%)!).!7',)'.&'!:,-(-,)+*,!/$!#*5$.8)!>9'&#A?B!(+'%$8)!#*5$.8)+$!).&,C-.!@)%)$,!).)&)'+!($.&,-!'!%*+)#)&'!<br />
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!<br />
shell> mysql --help<br />
!<br />
! I'()&*+-+!(,$%-(-.$!*!).%&'+',$!*(&)5J!'!(,*:,'5-+-)!%)!$D)%&$.&'!-.-)!%$,7$,!51%;+!/)%(*.)9)+!+'!<br />
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/).!'#$%&!5'.-'+=!!<br />
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).&$,$%'&!/*',!).!'##$%',$'!-.$)'!/$M'!$D)%&$.&$6!'7$&)!(*%)9)+)&'&$'!/$!'!*5)&$!'#$+$!%-9#'()&*+$!#',$!/$%#,)-!<br />
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).@*,5'&))!+$:'&$!/$!.*&)-.)+$!).&'+.)&$=!<br />
!<br />
N=O!I*.$#&',$'!%)!/$C#*.$#&',$'!/$!+'!%$,7$,B!<br />
!<br />
! E$.&,-!'!7'!#*.$#&'!+'!%$,7$,6!&,$9-)$6!/$!,$:-+'6!%'!@*+*%)&)!-.!.-5$!/$!-&)+)8'&*,!51%;+!).%*&)&!/$!<br />
#$+$!5')!5-+&$!*,)!/$!*!(',*+'=!K'#'!%$,7$,-+!,-+$'8'!($!-.!'+&!#*5(-&$,!/$#'&!#$+!/$!($!#'$!7C'&)!+*:'&!#'!<br />
&,$9-)!%($#)@)#'&!%)!.-5$+$!G:'8/$)H=!<br />
! "($+'&)! '/5).)%&,'&*,-+!($.&,-!'!7'!).@*,5'!#',$! %-.&!(','5$&,)!*(&)5)!@*+*%)&)!($.&,-!#*.$#&',$!<br />
>#',$!$%&$!G:'8/'H6!.-5$+$!/$!-&)+)8'&*,6!(',*+'?=!P/'&'!%&)-&)6!',!&,$9-)!%'!7'!,$-%$'%#'!#*.$#&',$'!(,).B!<br />
!<br />
shell> mysql -h host -u user -p<br />
Enter password: ********<br />
!<br />
QQQQQQQQ!,$(,$8).&'!(',*+'B!'#$'%&'!*!).&,*/-#$&)!).!5*5$.&-+!).!#',$!(,*:,'5-+!'@)%$'8'B!
! R<br />
!<br />
shell> mysql -h host -u user -p<br />
Enter password: ********<br />
!<br />
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G).7)&'&)$H!51%;+=!!<br />
!<br />
shell> mysql -h host -u user -p<br />
Enter password: ********<br />
Welcome to the <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>MySQL</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.<br />
Your <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>MySQL</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> connection id is 459 to server version: 3.22.20a-log<br />
Type 'help' for help.<br />
mysql><br />
!<br />
E,*5(&$,-+!&$!'.-.&'!#'!$%&$!:'&'!).!'#$%&!5*5$.&!%'C&)!(,)5$'%#'!#*5$.8)=!S.$+$!).%&'+',)!51%;+!<br />
($,5)&!-&)+)8'&*,)+*,!%)!*!#*.$#&',$!'.*.)5'!>@','!#'!.-5$+$!/$!-&)+)8'&*,!%'!@)$!%($#)@)#'&?6!,-+',$'!@'#'./-C<br />
%$!($!#'+#-+'&*,-+!:'8/'=!!<br />
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'($+',$!'!51%;+C+-)!!@','!'+&$!5$.&)-.)=!<br />
!<br />
shell> mysql<br />
!<br />
K-('!#$!'&)!,$-%)&!#*.$#&',$'!7'!(-&$&)!/$#*.$#&'!*,)#'./!/*',!&'%&'./!3STL!/-('!).7)&'&)'!51%;+=!<br />
!<br />
mysql> QUIT<br />
Bye<br />
!<br />
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/$5$,%!)+!(*'&$!#*.%&)&-)!(,*5(&$,-+!51%;+=!<br />
3.2 Comenzi de intrare!<br />
!<br />
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! N<br />
9'8'!+$:'&$!/$!#*5$.8)+$!/$!).&,',$6!(,).!@*+*%),$'!-.*,!+).))!/$!#*5'./'!>($!#',$!+$!(-&$&)!).#$,#'!($.&,-!'!<br />
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!<br />
mysql> SELECT VERSION(), CURRENT_DATE;<br />
+--------------+--------------+<br />
| VERSION() | CURRENT_DATE |<br />
+--------------+--------------+<br />
| 3.22.20a-log | 1999-03-19 |<br />
+--------------+--------------+<br />
1 <strong>ro</strong>w in set (0.01 sec)<br />
mysql><br />
!<br />
!!!!!!!!L*'&$!'#$%&$!+).))!/$!#*5'./'!%-:$,$'8'!#)&$7'!'%($#&$!(,*(,))!(,*:,'5-+-)!51%;+B!<br />
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@*+*%),$'!'#$%&$)'!.-!$%&$!.$#$%','6$D$5(+-!3STL=X*5!'.$D'!%)!'+&$!(*%)9)+$!#),#-5%&'.&$!6!#$7'!5')!&),8)-=!<br />
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!!51%;+!'@)%$'8'!%)!#*5$.8)!%-9!@*,5'!&'9$+','!>($!+).))!%)!#*+*'.$?=!E,)5'!+).)$!#*.&).$!$&)#A$&$!($.&,-!<br />
#*+*'.$6!)',!-,5'&*',$+$!,$(,$8).&'!,$8-+&'&$+$!+'!#*5$.8)=!T.!#$$'!#$!(,)7$%&$!#*+*'.$+$6!$&)#A$&$+$!'#$%&*,'!<br />
)./)#'!/$!,$:-+'!.-5$+$!#*+*'.$+*,!'+$%$!/).!&'9$+$+$!9'8$)!/$!/'&$=!K'#'!-,5',)&)!%'!*9&).$&)!7)8-'+)8',$'!<br />
/*',!-.$)!$D(,$%))!%)!.-!'!-.$)!).&,$:)!#*+*'.$!/).!&'9$+!>#-5!','&'!$D$5(+-+!-,5'&*,?!51%;+!7'!$&)#A$&'!<br />
#*+*'.'!@*+*%)./!$D(,$%)'!).!%).$=!<br />
!!(,*:,'5-+!(*'&$!)./)#'!).!*,)#$!5*5$.&!.-5',-+!+).))+*,!5*/)@)#'&$!%)!#$!'.-5$!/).!+).)'!/$!#*5'./'!'!<br />
@*%&!$D$#-&'&6!#$$'!#$6!@),$%&$!#*.@$,'!*!)5':).$!/$!'.%'59+-!'%-(,'!($,@*,5'&$+*,!%$,7$,-+-)=!<br />
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:$.$,'+! %)! .-! /-('! #$+! ,$'+! '+! #'+#-+'&*,-+-)! )',! ($! /$! '+&'! (',&$! %-.&! '@$#&'&$! /$! -.))! @'#&*,)! #',$! &).! /$!<br />
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S,5'&*',$+$!+).))!/$!#*5$.8)!*!/$5*%&,$'8'B!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT VERSION(), CURRENT_DATE;<br />
mysql> select version(), current_date;<br />
mysql> SeLeCt vErSiOn(), current_DATE;<br />
!<br />
! T'&'!*!'+&'!%$#7$.&'=!U'!/$5*.%&,$'8'!#'!(-&$&)!@*+*%)!51%;+!#'!($!-.!#'+#-+'&*,!.-5$,)#B!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT SIN(PI()/4), (4+1)*5;
! Y<br />
+-------------+---------+<br />
| SIN(PI()/4) | (4+1)*5 |<br />
+-------------+---------+<br />
| 0.707107 | 25 |<br />
+-------------+---------+<br />
! I*5'./'!'.&$,)*','!@'#$!(',&$!/).!#'&$:*,)'!#$+*,!%#-,&$!G/$!*!%).:-,'!+).)$H6!/',!(*&!@)!).&,*/-%$!<br />
5')!5-+&$!#$,).&$!#*.%$#-&)7!($!'#$$'%)!+).)$!/$!#*5'./'=!L*&!#$!&,$9-)$!%'!@'#$&)!$%&$!%'!.-!-)&'&)!%'!&'%&'&)!<br />
GWH!/-('!@)$#',$!/).&$!$+$=!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT VERSION(); SELECT NOW();<br />
+--------------+<br />
| VERSION() |<br />
+--------------+<br />
| 3.22.20a-log |<br />
+--------------+<br />
+---------------------+<br />
| NOW() |<br />
+---------------------+<br />
| 1999-03-19 00:15:33 |<br />
+---------------------+<br />
!<br />
! P!#*5'./'!.-!&$,9-)$!).&,*/-%'!.$'(','&!!($!*!%).:-,'!+).)$6!'%&@$+!).#'&!'#$+!&)(!/$!#*5$.8)!#',$!<br />
/$('%$%#! +-.:)5$'! %&'./',/6! .-! %-.&! *! (,*9+$5'=! E,*:,'5-+! %$! 7'! :A)/'! ($.&,-! '! /$#)/$! +-.:)5$'!<br />
#*5$.8)+*,! /-('! 5$.&)-.$'! GWH! %)! .-! /-('! #'('#)&'&$! +).)$)! ).! %).$=! I-! '+&$! #-7).&$6! 51%;+C-+! '##$(&'!<br />
).&,*/-#$,$'!#*5$.8)+*,!).!%)%&$5!+)9$,6!/',!.-!+$!7'!%)!$D$#-&'!/$#'&!/-('!,$#-.*'%&$,$'!GWH=!<br />
! T'&'!*!#*5'./'!%)5(+'!).&,*/-%'!($!5')!5-+&$!+).))B!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT<br />
-> USER()<br />
-> ,<br />
-> CURRENT_DATE;<br />
+--------------------+--------------+<br />
| USER() | CURRENT_DATE |<br />
+--------------------+--------------+<br />
| joesmith@localhost | 1999-03-18 |<br />
+--------------------+--------------+<br />
!
! Z<br />
T.!'#$%&!$D$5(+-!*9%$,7'&)!#-5!(,*5(&$,-+!5*/)@)#'!51%;+[!).!C[!).!5*5$.&-+!).!#',$!&,$#$!+'!<br />
-,5'&*',$'!+).)$=!E,).!'#$%&!(,*#$/$-!51%;+C-+!)./)#'!@'(&-+!#'!.-!'!,$#-.*%#-&!).#'!*!#*5'./'!@).'+)8'&'!%)!<br />
'%&$'(&'! ,$%&-+! '#$%&$)'=! I*.%)/$,'&)C+! /,$(&! -.! (,)$&$.! ($.&,-! #'! $+! 7'! @)! '#$+'! #',$! 7'! 7'! '&,':$! '&$.&)'=!<br />
"%&@$+!7$&)!%&)!#',$!$%&$!-,5'&*,-+!('%!'%&$(&'&!/$!(,*:,'5!/$!+'!K7%=!K'#'!7'!,'8:'./)&)!).!(,)7).&'!-.$)!<br />
#*5$.8)!&'%&'&)!\#B!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT<br />
-> USER()<br />
-> \c<br />
mysql><br />
!<br />
! 2)!')#)!*9%$,7'&)!(,*5(&$,-+]!V$7).$!+'!#*5'./'!).)&)'+'!/-('!#$!'&)!&'%&'&!\#!)./)#'./!#'!(,*:,'5-+!<br />
$%&$!:'&'!($.&,-!*!.*-'!#*5'./'=!<br />
! T.!-,5'&*,-+!&'9$+!%-.&!$7)/$.&)'&$!#'&$7'!/).&,$!(*%)9)+$+$!5$%'M$C(,*5(&$,!%)!).&$+$%-,)+$!+*,B!<br />
!<br />
mysql> Gata pentru o noua comanda<br />
-> Asteapta o noua linie dintr-o comanda multipla<br />
'> Asteapta un nou rand colectand un sir inceput cu (‘'’).<br />
"> Asteptand pentru un nou rand colectand un sir inceput cu (‘"’).<br />
!<br />
! P!#*5'./'!%)5(+'!G%).:+$!+).$H!7'!@)!).!5*/!'##)/$.&'+!($,#$(-&'!#'!@))./!-.'!5-+&)(+'!/'#'!$%&$!<br />
*5)%'!(,$#)8',$'!GWH=!T.!'#$%&!#'8!(,*5(&$,-+!7'!'.-.&'!C[6!&'%&'&)!GWH!%)!(,*:,'5-+!7'!$D$#-&'!#*5'./'=!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT USER()<br />
-><br />
!<br />
! K'#'!7'!#*.@,-.&'&)!#-!'#$'%&'!%)&-'&)$!>/'#'!%-.&$&)!%):-,)!#'!'&)!).&,*/-%!*!#*5'./'!/',!%).:-,-+!<br />
,'%(-.%!($!#',$C+!(,)5)&)!$%&$!C[?6!5')!5-+&!#'!%):-,!51%;+!'%&$'(&'!(&,$#)8',$'!GWH=!!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT USER()<br />
-> ;<br />
+--------------------+<br />
| USER() |<br />
+--------------------+<br />
| joesmith@localhost |<br />
+--------------------+
! ^<br />
_[!$%&$!@*+*%)&'!).!#'8-+!%),-,)+*,=!T.!51%;+!&$,5$.))!-.-)!%),!%-.&!).&,*/-%)!).&,$!`!%'-!H!>$D$5(+-!<br />
`A$++*a! %)! G:**/91$H?=! I'./! (,*5&$,-+! 7'! )./)#'! `[! %'-! G[! ).%$'5.'! #'! '&)! ).#+-%! ).! #*5'./'! -.! %),! #$!<br />
).#$($!#-!`!%'-!H!/',!'&)!*5)%!,$($&',$'!%$5.-+-)!:,'@)#!/).!@).'+-+!%),-+-)!GWH=!T.!#'8-+!).!#',$!$%&$!7*,9'!/$!<br />
-.!%),!5-+&)(+-!($!5')!5-+&$!,'./-,)!&*&-+!$%&$!).!*,/).$6!/',!/$!#$+$!5')!5-+&$!*,)!(,*5(&$,-+!',$!,*+-+!/$!'!<br />
7'!'7$,&)8'!'%-(,'!!#','#&$,-+-)!*5)%B!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT * FROM my_table WHERE name = "Smith AND age < 30;<br />
"><br />
! K'#'!'&)!).&,*/-%!'#$%&'!#*5'./'!&)(!2U4UIL6!&'%&'&)!UbLUV!%)!'%&$(&'&)!,$8-+&'&-+6!7$&)!7$/$'!#'!<br />
.-!',$!%'!%$!).&'5(+$!.)5)#=!T.!+*#!%'!7'!).&,$9'&)!/$!#$!/-,$'8'!'&'&!*9%$,7'&)!)./)#)-+!G[!7'!%-:$,$'8'!<br />
@'(&-+!#'!%),-+!'!@*%&!).#A$)'&=!I$!@'#$&)!).!'#$'%&'!%)&-'&)$c!E-&$&)!'.-+'!#*5'./'W!*,)#-56!*(&)-.$'!\#!.-!<br />
$%&$!(,$@$,'9)+'!).!'#$%&!#'86!($.&,-!#'!51%;+!)+!7'!).&$,(,$&'!/,$(&!(',&$!'!%),-+-)!'@+'&!).!/$,-+',$=!<br />
! K'#'!).!%#A)596!).&,*/-#$&)!#','#&$,-+!:,'@)#!#$!#*.@),5'!).#A$)$,$'!%),-+-)!(-&$&)!&'%&'!-+&$,)*,!\#B!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT * FROM my_table WHERE name = "Smith AND age < 30;<br />
"> "\c<br />
mysql><br />
! E,*5(&$,-+!7'!'@)%'!/$!'%&'!/'&'!51%;+[!)./)#'./!#'!$%&$!:'&'!($.&,-!*!.*-'!#*5'./'=!<br />
! !<br />
! 3.3 Crearea si manipularea unei baze de date<br />
!<br />
! "#-5!#'!7C'&)!).%-%)&!5*/'+)&'&)+$!/$!).&,*/-#$,$!'!#*5$.8)+*,!$%&$!&)5(-+!%'!'##$%'&)!*!9'8'!/$!<br />
/'&$=!<br />
!!!!!!!!!!!!!2'!(,$%-(-.$5!#'!'7$&)!#)&$7'!!'.)5'+$!/$!#*5('.)$!>5)#'!7*'%&,'!5$.'M$,)$?!%)!#'!7C',!%'!&).$&)!*!<br />
5)#'!$7)/$.&'!'!5')!5-+&*,!&)(-,)!/$!/'&$!).!#$$'!#$!+$!(,)7$%&$=!<br />
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!!!!!!!"#$'%&'!%$#&)-.$!7'!).7'&'!#-5!%'!(,*#$/'&)!($.&,-B!<br />
!<br />
d!I,$',$'!-.$)!9'8$!/$!/'&$!<br />
d!I,$',$'!-.-)!&'9$+!<br />
d!T.&,*/-#$,$'!/'&$+*,!).!&'9$+!<br />
d!"##$%',$'!).@*,5'&))+*,!($!5')!5-+&$!#')!<br />
d!e*+*%),$'!5')!5-+&*,!&'9$+$!#*.%$#-&)7!<br />
!!!!!!!!!!!!!
! f<br />
g'8'!/$!/'&$!'!5'.'M$,)$)!7'!@)!-.'!%)5(+'!>'5!+-'&C*!).!5*/!/$+)9$,'&!!'%'?!6!/',6!7'!)+-%&,'!#-!<br />
%-##$%!&)(-,)!%)5)+',$!/$!&'9$+$!#-!'#*($,),$!).!%('&)-+!,$'+=!<br />
K$!$D$5(+-!*!'%&@$+!/$!9'8'!/$!/'&$!',!(-&$'!@)!-&)+'!-.-)!@$,5)$,!($.&,-!'!&).$!$7)/$.&'!%$(&$+-+-)6!<br />
%'-6!-.-)!7$&$,).',!($.&,-!,$:)%&,$+$!(',).&)+*,!%')=!<br />
P,:'.)8',$'!/'&$+*,!($.&,-!5)#'!5$.'M$,)$!(,$%-(-.$!*!%$,)$!/$!#*5$.8)!%)!/'&$!%&'./',/!#',$!(*&!<br />
@)!(,$+-'&$!/$!%)&$C-+!01234=!<br />
E-&$&)!@*+*%)!@)$!@*,5'&-+!&',!!%'-!8)(!=!<br />
E$.&,-!'!'@+'!9'8$+$!/$!/'&$!$D)%&$.&$!($!%$,7$,!'($+'&)!*(&)-.$'!2hPiB!<br />
! !<br />
+----------+<br />
| Database |<br />
+----------+<br />
| mysql |<br />
| test |<br />
| tmp |<br />
+----------+<br />
!<br />
! 4)%&'!9'8$+*,!/$!/'&$!7'!@)!(,*9'9)+!'+&'!($!#'+#-+'&*,-+!($,%*.'+W!/',6!5')!5-+&!#'!%):-,!51%;+!%)!<br />
&$%&!'-!&*'&$!%'.%$+$!%'!%$!.-5$,$!(,).&,$!#$+$+'+&$=!<br />
! g'8'!/$!/'&$!51%;+!$%&$!%*+)#)&'&'!)./$*%$9)!($.&,-!#'!/$%#,)$!*!%$,)$!/$!@'#)+)&'&)!-&)+)8'&*,-+-)=!<br />
! g'8'! /$! /'&$! C&$%&! $! (,$@$,'&'! #'! %-(*,&! (,'#&)#6! #'! @*')$! /$! +-#,-! ($.&,-! /)7$,%$! ).#$,#',)!<br />
(,$+)5).',$=!<br />
! ]!K'#'!.-!9$.$@)#)'&)!/$!'7'.&'M-+!2hPi!K"L"g"2U2!.-!(-&$&)!7)8-'+)8'!&*'&$!9'8$+$!/$!/'&$=!<br />
! ]!K'#'!$D)%&'!9'8'!&$%&!).#$,#'&)!%C*!'##$%'&)!'%&@$+B!<br />
!<br />
mysql> USE test<br />
Database changed<br />
!<br />
! ]! P9%$,7'&)! #'! S2U6! #'! /$'+&@$+6! -&)+)&',-+! 3STL! .-! .$#$%)&'! GWH! >K'#'! ).%'! '&)! @).'+)8'&! /$M'!<br />
#$,$,$'6!#*5'./'!#-!'#$%&!%$5.!*,&*:,'@)#6!.-!$%&$!.$7*)$!%'C+!%&$,:$&)6!.-!7'!'@$#&'!%&,-#&-,'!#-!.)5)#?=!<br />
! e'#)+)&'&$'!S2U!$!-.'!%($#)'+'!/).&,C-.!(-.#&!/$!7$/$,$B!.$#$%)&'!*!#*5'./'!%)5(+'!>O!+).)$?=!<br />
! E-&$&)! @*+*%)! %)! 9'8'! /$! /'&$! &$%&! >/$! 7,$5$! #$! '&)! '##$%'&C*?! ($.&,-! $D$5(+$+$! -,5'&*',$6! /',6!<br />
$D)%&'!-.!).#*7$.)$.&6!(-&$&)!'7$'!%-,(,)8'!#'!/'&$+$!/).!&'9$+$!%'!@)$!5*/)@)#'&$6!*,)#$!'+&!-&)+)8'&*,!#-!'##$%!<br />
+'!9'8'!/$!/'&$!',!(-&$'C*!@'#$=!K).!'#$%&!5*&)7!',!&,$9-)!%'!#$,$&)!'/5).)%&,'&*,-+-)!51%;+!*!9'8'!($!#*.&!<br />
(,*(,)-=!2'!(,$%-(-.$5!#'!*!7$&)!.-5)B!5$.'M$,)$=!"/5).)%&,'&*,-+!&,$9-)$!%'!$D$#-&$!*!+).)$!/$!#*5'./'!<br />
/$!@*,5'B!<br />
!<br />
mysql> GRANT ALL ON menagerie.* TO your_mysql_name;
! j<br />
!<br />
! !-./$!1*-,k51%;+k.'5$!$%&$!#A)',!.-5$+$!/$!-&)+)8'&*,!'%*#)'&!K7%=!!!<br />
!<br />
3.3.1 Crearea si selectarea unei baze de date<br />
!<br />
! K'#'!'/5).)%&,'&*,-+!'!#,$'&!9'8'!#-!($,5)%)-.$'!K7%=!(-&$&)!).#$($!%'!*!@*+*%)&)=!T.!#'8!#*.&,',!<br />
(-&$&)!%C*!#*.%&,-)&)!%).:-,)B!<br />
!<br />
mysql> CREATE DATABASE menagerie;<br />
!<br />
! 2-9!SbTl!!/$.-5),)+$!9'8$+*,!/$!/'&$!%-.&!%$.%)9)+$!/).!(-#&-+!/$!7$/$,$!'+!(,*#$%',))!>.-!$%&$!%)!<br />
#'8-+!#-7).&$+*,!#A$)$!234?!'=)=!7'!&,$9-)!%'!'7$&)!:,)M'!#-5!%$+$#&'&)!9'8'6!@*+*%)&)!5$.:$,)$6!.-!0$.'M$,)$!<br />
%'-!0Ub"mUVTU=! "#$+'%)!+-#,-!$%&$!7'+'9)+!%)!($&,-!.-5$+$!&'9$+$+*,=!>2-9!iTbKPi2!'#$%&$!,$%&,)#&))!<br />
#'/?=!<br />
! I,$',$'! -.$)! 9'8$! .-! ).%$'5.'! '-&*5'&! %)! %$+$#&',$'! $)W! &,$9-)$! %'! @'#$&)! '%&'! %$(','&=! E$.&,-!<br />
'##$%',$'!(,*(,)-C8)%'!'!9'8$)!5$.'M$,)$!@*+*%)&)!#*5'./'B!<br />
!<br />
mysql> USE menagerie<br />
Database changed<br />
!<br />
! E,*#$%-+!#,$',))!9'8$)!',$!+*#!*!%).:-,'!/'&'W!).!%A)59!*!(-&$&)!%$+$#&'!*,)!/$!#'&$!*,)!).#$($&)!*!<br />
%$/).&'!51%;+=!E-&$&)!'##$%'!(,).&,C*!#*5'./'!S2U6!#-5!'&)!(-&-&!7$/$'!'.&$,)*,=!"+&@$+6!(-&$&)!'($+'!+'!*!<br />
+).)$!/$!#*5'./'!).!#'8-+!).!#',$'!'($+'&)!51%;+C-+=!<br />
! 2($#)@)#'&)! /*',! .-5$+$! 9'8$)! /-('! @)$#',$! /).&,$! (','5$&,)! /$! #*5$.&',$! ($! #',$! )C'&)! (-&$'!<br />
@-,.)8'=!UD$5(+-B!<br />
!<br />
shell> mysql -h host -u user -p menagerie<br />
Enter password: ********<br />
!<br />
! P9%$,7'&)!#'!5$.'M$,)$!.-!$%&$!%)!(',*+'6!).!+).)'!/$!#*5'./'=!<br />
! K'#'!7,$&)!%'!,$/),$#&)*.'&)!(',*+'!/),$#&!($!+).)'!/$!#*5'./'!/-('!*(&)-.$'!
! o<br />
! I,$',$'!9'8$)!/$!/'&$!$%&$!(',&$'!-%*','6!/',!).!'#$%&!5*5$.&!%$+$#&'./!*(&)-.$'!2hPi!L"g4U2!<br />
7$&)!*9%$,7'!#'!$%&$!:*'+'B!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SHOW TABLES;<br />
Empty set (0.00 sec)<br />
!<br />
! K$! ')#)! ).#$($! G:,$-+H6!%'! /$#)/$&)!%&,-#&-,'! 9'8$)! K7%=!/$! /'&$6! /$! #$! &'9$+$! '7$&)!.$7*)$!%)! #$!<br />
#*+*'.$!7*,!#*.&).$=!<br />
! X$&)!/*,)!-.!&'9$+!#',$!%'!#*.&).'!#'&$!*!).,$:)%&,',$!($.&,-!*,)#',$!/).&,$!'.)5'+$+$!K7%=!T+!(-&$5!<br />
.-5)!($&!>'.)5'+$!/$!#*5('.)$?!%)!7'!&,$9-)!%'!#*.&).'6!#$+!(-&).6!.-5$+$!@)$#',-)!'.)5'+=!E$.&,-!#'!/*',!<br />
.-5$+$!).!%).$!.-!$%&$!@*',&$!).&$,$%'.&6!&'9$+-+!',!&,$9-)!%'!).#+-/'!%)!'+&$!).@*,5'&))?=!<br />
! K$! $D$5(+-6! /'#'! .-! %-.&$&)! %).:-,-+! /).! @'5)+)$! #$! /$&).$! '.)5'+$! /$! #*5('.)$! '&)! (-&$'!<br />
).,$:)%&,'6! /$! ()+/'6! (*%$%*,))! '#$%&*,! '.)5'+$=! "&)! (-&$'! /$'%$5$.$'! %'! ).#$,#'&)! %'! ).,$:)%&,'&)! #'&$7'!<br />
,$@$,).&$!/$%#,)(&)7$!%-##).&$!'%-(,'!%($#)$)!%)!%$D-+-)!'.)5'+-+-)=!<br />
K',!#-5!,'5'.$!#-!7',%&'c!",!(-&$'!(,$8$.&'!).&$,$%!/',!$%&$!(,$@$,'9)+!%'!.-!'($+'&)!+'!-.!&'9$+!<br />
($.&,-! '#$'%&'! *(&)-.$=! X',%&'! %$! %#A)59'%! */'&'! #-! &,$#$,$'! '.)+*,6! #$$'! #$! ).%$'5.'! #'! ',! &,$9-)! %'!<br />
,$'#&-'+)8'&)!/$%&-+!/$!/$%!9'8'!/$!/'&$=!T.!%#A)596!'&)!(-&$'!).,$:)%&,'6!7'+*,)!@)D$6!#-5!',!@)!/'&'!.'%&$,))=!<br />
"%&@$+6!*,)#'./!7$&)!'7$'!.$7*)$!%'!'@+'&)!7',%&'!7$&)!@'#$!/*',!/)@$,$.&'!/).&,$!/'&'!#-,$.&'!%)!#$!).,$:)%&,'&'=!!<br />
! 01%;+!'%):-,'!%)!@'#)+)&'&)!($.&,-!#'+#-+$+$!',)&5$&)#$!'%&@$+!).#'&!.C',!&,$9-)!%'!@)$!(,$'!/)@)#)+=!<br />
! 2&*#',$'!/'&$+*,!/$!.'%&$,$!).!+*#-+!7',%&$)!(,*(,)-!8)%$!(,$8).&'!%)!'+&$!'7'.&'M$6!(,$#-5B!<br />
" E-&$&)! @*+*%)! 9'8'! ($.&,-! %',#).)! #'! :$.$,',$'! -.*,! %$5.'+$! ($.&,-! '! (,$).&'5().'! 8)+$+$!<br />
*.*5'%&)#$!'+$! '.)5'+$+*,!/$!#*5('.)$!>/'#'!'#$'%&'!*(&)-.$!7)!%$!(',$! -.'! -%*,!.')7'!.-!<br />
-)&'&)!#'!(-&$&)!@*+*%)!).!5*/!'.'+*:!9'8'!).!'@'#$,)W!($.&,-!'!7'!,$'5).&)!/$!()+/'!8)-'!-.-)!<br />
#+)$.&!%'-!'%*#)'&!%)!')!&,'.%5)&$!-,',)+$!/$!,):*',$?=!<br />
" E-&$&)! #'+#-+'! 7',%&'! %)! ,$+'&)*.'./! #-! '+&$! /'&$! /$#'&! #$'! #-,$.&'=! K$! $D$5(+-6! /'#'!<br />
).,$:)%&,'&)! 8)-'! /$#$%-+-)! (-&$&)! #'+#-+'! #'&)! '.)! '7$'! '.)5'+-+! /$! #*5('.)$! ('.'! +'! '#$%&!<br />
5*5$.&=!<br />
! X'!(-&$&)!:)./)!+'!*!5-+&)&-/).$!/$!'+&$!&)(-,)!/$!).@*,5'&))!($!#',$!+$C'&)!(-&$'!).&,*/-#$!).&,C-.!<br />
&'9$+!($&!6!/',6!#$+$!'5).&)&$!().'!'#-5!%).&!5')!5-+&!/$#)&!%-@)#)$.&$!($.&,-!$D$5(+)@)#',$B!.-5$6!(*%$%*,6!<br />
%($#)$6!%$D6!/'&'!/$!.'%&$,$!%)!/'&'!/$#$%-+-)=!<br />
! e*+*%)&)!*(&)-.$'!IVU"LU!L"g4U!($.&,-!'!%($#)@)#'!(','5$&,))!&'9$+-+-)=!<br />
!<br />
mysql> CREATE TABLE pet (name VARCHAR(20), owner VARCHAR(20),<br />
->species VARCHAR(20), sex CHAR(1), birth DATE, death DATE);<br />
!<br />
X',#A',!$%&$!*!'+$:$,$!@$,)#)&'!($.&,-!#*+*'.$+$!'@$,$.&$!b-5$+-)6!E*%$%*,-+-)6!%)!2($#)$)6!($.&,-!<br />
#'!7'+*,)+$!+*,!7*,!7',)'!).!+-.:)5$=!4-.:)5$'!'#$%&*,!#*+*'.$!.-!&,$9-)$!%'!@)$!'#$)'%)!%)!.-!.$'(','&!/$!Rp=!
! Op<br />
E-&$&)! '+$:$! *,)#$! +-.:)5$! ).&,$! O! %)! ORZW! *@$,&'! 5')! 5-+&! /$#'&! :$.$,*'%'=! K'#'! '&)! *(&'&! :,$%)&! %)! %$!<br />
/*7$/$%&$!5')!&',8)-!#'!'&)!@)!'7-&!.$7*)$!/$!-.!#'5(!5')!+',:!51%;+!7'!:$.$,'!*(&)-.$'!"4LUV!L"g4U=!<br />
! T'&'!#'&$7'!/).&,$!7'+*,)+$!#$!(*&!@)!'+$%$!($.&,-!)./)#'&*,))!%$D-+-)!).!G,$:)%&,$+$H!@)$#',-)!'.)5'+B!<br />
G5H!6!G@H!C!G5'+$H6!G@$5'+$H=!K$%):-,!#$'!5')!%)5(+'!*(&)-.$!$%&$!(,)5'=!!<br />
! K'&$+$!/$!.'%&$,$!%)!,$%($#&)7!/$!/$#$%!%$!).,$:)%&,$'8'!(,).!).&$,5$/)-+!*(&)-.))!K"LU=!"#-5!#'!<br />
'&)!#,$'&!&'9$+-+6!2hPi!L"g4U2!',!&,$9-)!%'!,$+)$@$8$!#'&$7'!*(&)-.)!/$!)$%),$B!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SHOW TABLES;<br />
+---------------------+<br />
| Tables in menagerie |<br />
+---------------------+<br />
| pet |<br />
+---------------------+<br />
!<br />
! E$.&,-!'!7$,)@)#'!/'#'!&'9$+-+!'!@*%&!#,$'&!%'-!.-!/-('!#-5!7C'&)!/*,)&!@*+*%)&)!#*5'./'!KU2IVTgU!<br />
>'#$)'%)!#*5'./'!$%&$!7'+'9)+'!%)!#'./!'&)!-)&'&!/$!$D$5(+-!.-5$+$!-.$)!#*+*'.$?=!<br />
!<br />
mysql> DESCRIBE pet;<br />
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+<br />
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |<br />
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+<br />
| name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |<br />
| owner | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |<br />
| species | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |<br />
| sex | char(1) | YES | | NULL | |<br />
| birth | date | YES | | NULL | |<br />
| death | date | YES | | NULL | |<br />
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+<br />
!<br />
3.3.3 Incarcarea datelor de pe suport fizic<br />
!<br />
! K-('!#$!'&)!#,$'&!&'9$+-+6!&,$9-)$!%'C+!G(*(-+'&)H=!UD(,$%))+$!4P"K!K"L"!%)!Tb2UVL!%-.&!&*&!#$!<br />
7'!&,$9-)$=!<br />
! 2'!(,$%-(-.$5!#'!).,$:)%&,',)+$!K7%=!(*&!@)!/$%#,)%$!'%&@$+B!<br />
!<br />
nume posesor specie sex data nasterii data decesului<br />
e+-@@1!! ! h',*+/!! ! #'&!! @!! OooNCpRCpY!<br />
I+'n%!! ! qn$.!! ! #'&!! 5!! OooYCpNCOf!
! OO<br />
g-@@1!! ! h',*+/!! ! /*:!! @!! OojoCpZCON!<br />
e'.:!! ! g$..1!! ! /*:!! 5!! OoopCpjCRf!<br />
g*n%$,!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!K)'.$!! ! /*:!! 5!! OoojCpjCNO!! OooZCpfCRo!<br />
IA),(1!! ! qn$.!! ! 9),/!! @!! OoojCpoCOO!<br />
iA)%&+$,!! qn$.!! ! 9),/!! ! OoofCORCpo!<br />
2+)5!!<br />
!<br />
! g$..1!! ! %.'r$!! 5!! Ooo^CpYCRo!<br />
! T.!5*5$.&-+!).!#',$!'7$&)!/$C'!@'#$!#-!-.!&'9$+!G).!'+9H!#$+!5')!%)5(+-!5)M+*#!($.&,-!'C+!(*(-+'!<br />
$%&$!'#$+'!/$!'!#,$'!-.!@)%)$,!G&D&H!'+*#'./!#'&$!-.!%),!($.&,-!@)$#',$!/).&,$!'.)5'+$+$!/$!#*5('.)$6!%)!'(*)!<br />
).#',#'&)!#*.&).-&-+!/).!@)%)$,!).!&'9$+!(,).&,C*!%).:-,'!+).)$!/$!#*5'./'=!<br />
! E-&$&)!#,$'!-.!@)%)$,!&$D&!G($&=&D&H!#*.&).'./!*!).,$:)%&,',$!($!@)$#',$!,'./6!'7'./!/)@$,)&$+$!7'+*,)!<br />
%$(','&$!(,).!%('&))6!%)!/$,-+'&$!).!'#$)'%)!*,/).$!).!#',$!#*+*'.$+$!'-!@*%&!+)%&'&$!).!IVU"LU!L"g4U=!<br />
! E$.&,-!7'+*,)+$!+)(%'!>%$D!.$#-.*%#-&6!%'-!/'&'!/$#$%-+-)!).!#'8-+!'.)5'+$+*,!'@+'&$!).#'!).!7)'&'?!<br />
(-&$&)!'($+'!+'!*(&)-.$'!bS44=!E$.&,-!,$(,$8$.&',$'!'#$%&*,'!).!@)%)$,-+!&$D&!@*+*%)&)!\b=!K$!$D$5(+-6!($.&,-!<br />
iA)%&+$,!*!).,$:)%&,',$!7'!','&'!'%&@$+B!<br />
!<br />
nume posesor specie sex data nasterii data decesului<br />
i)%&+$,! !<br />
!<br />
qn$.! ! 9),/! \b! OoofCORCpo! \b!<br />
E$.&,-!'!&,'.%#,)$!&$D&-+!/).!@)%)$,-+!G($&=&D&H!).!&'9$+!&'%&'&)!#*5'./'B!<br />
!<br />
mysql> LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE "pet.txt" INTO TABLE pet;<br />
!<br />
! P,)!/$!#)&$!*,)!7,$&)!%'!'/'-:'&)!).,$:)%&,',)!*(&'&)!($.&,-!Tb2UVL=I$+!5')!%)5(+-!5)M+*#!$%&$!%'!<br />
%-(+)5$.&'&)! ! ).@*,5'&))+$! ($.&,-! @)$#',$! #*+*'.'6! ).! '#$$'%)! *,/).$! ).! #',$! '#$%&$'! '-! @*%&! +)%&'&$! ).!<br />
IVU"LU!L"g4U=2'!(,$%-(-.$5!#'!K)'.'!(,)5$%&$!-.!.*-!A'5%&$,!.-5)&!E-@9'++=!<br />
!<br />
!<br />
b*-'!).,$:)%&,',$!@*+*%)./!-&)+)&',-+!Tb2UVL!7'!','&'!'%&@$+B!!<br />
mysql> INSERT INTO pet<br />
->VALUES ('Puffball','Diane','hamster','f','1999-03-30',NULL);<br />
!<br />
! P9%$,7'&)!@'(&-+!#'!).%),-),$'!7'+*,)+*,!%$!@'#$!).&,$!:A)+)5$+$=I-!'#$+'%)!-&)+)&',!Tb2UVL!<br />
E-&$&)!).%$,'!7'+*,)+$!+)(%'=b-!*(&'&)!($.&,-!\b!#-5!'&)!@'#-&!#-!4P"K!K"L"=!<br />
! K).! '#$%&! $D$5(+-! '&)! (-&-&! *9%$,7'! #'! $%&$! (,$@$,'9)+! %'! ).#',#'&)! ).)&)'+! ).,$:)%&,',$'! @*+*%)./!<br />
-&)+)&',-+!Tb2UVL!/$#)&!4P"K!K"L"=!<br />
! !!
! OR<br />
3.3.4 Refacerea <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>info</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>rmatiilor dintr-un tabel!<br />
!<br />
! P(&)-.$'!2U4UIL!$%&$!@*+*%)&'!($.&,-!'!G$D&,':$H!).@*,5'&))+$!/).&,C-.!&'9$+=T.!@*,5'!%'!:$.$,'+'!<br />
#*5'./'!','&'!'%&@$+B!<br />
!<br />
SELECT what_to_select<br />
FROM which_table<br />
WHERE conditions_to_satisfy<br />
!<br />
! GnA'&C&*!%$+$#&H!)./)#'!#$$'!#$!7,$&)!%'!7)8-'+)8'&)="#$'%&'!(*'&$!@)!/*',!-.!.-5',!/$!#*+*'.$!%'-!<br />
&*'&$=!<br />
! GnA)#AC&'9+$H!)./)#'!&'9$+-+!/).!#',$!7$&)!$D&,':$!).@*,5'&)'=!<br />
!!!!!!! P&).$'!GihUVUH!$%&$!@'#-+&'&)7'=!<br />
! G#*./)&)*.%C&*! %'&)%@1H! %($#)@)#'! #*./)&))+,$! ! ($! #',$! +).))+$! &,$9-)$! %'! +$!)./$(+).$'%#'! ! ($.&,-! '!<br />
(-&$'!@)!G$D&,'%$H=!<br />
!<br />
3.3.4.Selectarea tutu<strong>ro</strong>r <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>info</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>rmatiilor<br />
!<br />
! !T'&'!@*,5'!#$'!5')!%)5(+'!/$!%$+$#&',$!'!*,)#',-)!&'9$+B!<br />
mysql> SELECT * FROM pet;<br />
+----------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+<br />
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |<br />
+----------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+<br />
| Fluffy | Ha<strong>ro</strong>ld | cat | f | 1993-02-04 | NULL |<br />
| Claws | Gwen | cat | m | 1994-03-17 | NULL |<br />
| Buffy | Ha<strong>ro</strong>ld | dog | f | 1989-05-13 | NULL |<br />
| Fang | Benny | dog | m | 1990-08-27 | NULL |<br />
| Bowser | Diane | dog | m | 1998-08-31 | 1995-07-29 |<br />
| Chirpy | Gwen | bird | f | 1998-09-11 | NULL |<br />
| Whistler | Gwen | bird | NULL | 1997-12-09 | NULL |<br />
| Slim | Benny | snake | m | 1996-04-29 | NULL |<br />
| Puffball | Diane | hamster | f | 1999-03-30 | NULL |<br />
+----------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+<br />
! !"#$'%&'!5*/'+)&'&$!$%&$!)./)#'&'!).!#'8-+!).!#',$!7,$&)!%'!,$7$/$&)!).&,$:-+!&'9$+!6!/$!$D=6!/-('!#$!<br />
&*#5')!'&)!).,$:)%&,'&!%$&-+!).)&)'+!/$!/'&$=!<br />
! E*&!'(',$'!6!%$!).&)5(+'6!$,*,)!).!@)%)$,-+!K7%=!K$!$D$5(+-6!g*n%$,!'(',$!'!@)!.'%#-&!/-('!/'&'!<br />
/$#$%-+-)!%'-!#*.%-+&'&)C7'!).@*,5'&))+$!).!*,):).'+!6%)!/$%#*($,)&)!#'!'.-+!.'%&$,))!$,'!/$!@'(&!Oojo!).!+*#!/$!<br />
Oooj=!
! ON<br />
! UD)%&'!#$+!(-&).!/*-'!%*+-&))!($.&,-!'!,$5$/)'!:,$%$'+'B!<br />
!L'%&'&)! UKTL! ($.&,-! @)%)$,-+! G($&&D&H! ($.&,-! '! #*,$#&'! $,*',$'6! :*+)&)! &'9$+-+! %)! ,$).#',#'&)C+! @*+*%)./!<br />
KU4ULU!%)!4P"K!K"L"=!<br />
! P,)#-5!/'#'!(,*#$/'&)!'%&@$+!&,$9-)$!/$'%$5$.$'!%'!,$).&,*/-#$&)!).,$:)%&,',)+$!($.&,-!E-@@9'++=!<br />
!V$@'#$&)!/*',!).,$:)%&,',$'!#-!(,*9+$5$!(,).&,C*!#*5'./'!SEK"LU=!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SET AUTOCOMMIT=1; #<br />
mysql> DELETE FROM pet;<br />
mysql> LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE "pet.txt" INTO TABLE pet;<br />
mysql> UPDATE pet SET birth = "1989-08-31" WHERE name = "Bowser";<br />
!<br />
! I-5!'5!','&'&!$%&$!%)5(+-!%'!$D&,':$5!s!%$+$#&'5!).&,$:-+!&'9$+=!K',6!).!5*/!.*,5'+6!.-!7$&)!'7$'!<br />
.$7*)$!%'!@'#$&)!'%&'6!%)!.)#)!.-!$%&$!)./)#'&!5')!'+$%!#'!).!&)5(!'#$%&'!%$!$D&)./$=!<br />
! T.! %#A)596! 7'! 7$&)! '@+'! ).! %)&-'&)'! /$! '! ,$8*+7'! *! %).:-,'! (,*9+$5'6! #'8! ).! #',$! 7'! &,$9-)! %'!<br />
%($#)@)#'&)!#'&$7'!(,*9+$5$!)5(+)#'&$=!<br />
! 2'!-,5'5!#'&$7'!#*5$.8)!/$!%$+$#&)$!'!-.*,!).@*,5'&))!/$%(,$!'.)5'+$+$!K7%=!<br />
!<br />
N=N=Y=R!2$+$#&',$'!-.*,!+).))!/).!&'9$+!<br />
!<br />
! E-&$&)!%$+$#&'!/*',!'.-5)&$!+).))!/).!).&,$:-+!&'9$+=!K$!$D$5(+-6!/'#'!7,$&)!%'!7$,)@)#'&)!#*,$#&-,'!<br />
($!#',$!'&)!@'#-&C*!).!(,)7).&'!/'&$)!/$!.'%&$,$!'!+-)!g*n%$,6!%$+$#&'&)!).,$:)%&,',$'!'%&@$+B!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE name = "Bowser";<br />
+--------+-------+---------+------+------------+------------+<br />
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |<br />
+--------+-------+---------+------+------------+------------+<br />
| Bowser | Diane | dog | m | 1989-08-31 | 1995-07-29 |<br />
+--------+-------+---------+------+------------+------------+<br />
!<br />
! T$%),$'!#*.@),5'!#*,$#&-,'!@'#-&'=!<br />
! K'&$+$! %-.&! ).%$.%)9)+$! /).! (-.#&! /$! 7$/$,$'! '+! ).,$:)%&,',))! '%&@$+! ).#'&! (-&$&)! %#,)$! .-5$+$B!<br />
G9*n%$,H6!GgPi2UVH!$&#=!V$8-+&'&-+!%*+)#)&',))!#'!@)!'#$+'%)=!E-&$&)!%($#)@)#'!#*./)&))+$!($!*,)#',$!/).&,$!<br />
#*+*'.$6! .-! /*',! ($! '#$$'! '! .-5$+*,=! K$! $D$5(+-6! /'#'! 7,$&)! %'! %$+$#&'&)! '.)5'+$+$! .'%#-&$! /-('! Oooj!<br />
%$+$#&'&)!#*+*'.'!G/'&'!/$!.'%&$,$HB!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE birth >= "1998-1-1";<br />
+----------+-------+---------+------+------------+-------+
! OY<br />
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |<br />
+----------+-------+---------+------+------------+-------+<br />
| Chirpy | Gwen | bird | f | 1998-09-11 | NULL |<br />
| Puffball | Diane | hamster | f | 1999-03-30 | NULL |<br />
+----------+-------+---------+------+------------+-------+<br />
!<br />
! E-&$&)!/$!'%$5$.$'!#*59).'!#*./)&))+$6!/$!$D$5(+-!($.&,-!'!+*#'+)8'!@$5$+$+$!
! OZ<br />
3.3.4.3 Selectarea anumitor coloane<br />
!<br />
! K'#'! .-! /*,)&)! 7)8-'+)8',$'! &-&-,*,! +).))+*,! /).! &'9$+! (,$#)8'&)! /*',! #*+*'.$+$! ).! #',$! %-.&$&)!<br />
).&$,$%'&6!%$(','&$!(,).!7),:-+$=!<br />
! K$!$D$5(+-6!/'#'!7,$&)!%'!%&)&)!/'&$+$!/$!.'%&$,$!'+$!'.)5'+$+*,!/$&).-&$!%$+$#&'&)!#*+*'.$+$!.-5$+-)!<br />
%)!,$%($#&)7!/'&$)!/$!.'%&$,$=!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT name, birth FROM pet;<br />
+----------+------------+<br />
| name | birth |<br />
+----------+------------+<br />
| Fluffy | 1993-02-04 |<br />
| Claws | 1994-03-17 |<br />
| Buffy | 1989-05-13 |<br />
| Fang | 1990-08-27 |<br />
| Bowser | 1989-08-31 |<br />
| Chirpy | 1998-09-11 |<br />
| Whistler | 1997-12-09 |<br />
| Slim | 1996-04-29 |<br />
| Puffball | 1999-03-30 |<br />
+----------+------------+<br />
!<br />
K'#'!7,$&)!%'!'@+'&)!(*%$%*,))!@)$#',-)!'.)5'+6!&'%&'&)B!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT owner FROM pet;<br />
+--------+<br />
| owner |<br />
+--------+<br />
| Ha<strong>ro</strong>ld |<br />
| Gwen |<br />
| Ha<strong>ro</strong>ld |<br />
| Benny |<br />
| Diane |<br />
| Gwen |<br />
| Gwen |<br />
| Benny |<br />
| Diane |<br />
+--------+
! O^<br />
!<br />
! T.!*,)#$!#'86!*9%$,7'&)!5*/'+)&'&$'!).#',$!#*5'./'!$D&,':$!(-,!%)!%)5(+-!#'5(-+!(*%$%*,-+-)!/).!<br />
@)$#',$! ).,$:)%&,',$! %)! '%&@$+! 7$&)! 7$/$'! #'! -.$+$! .-5$! '(',! /$! 5')! 5-+&$! *,)=! E$.&,-! '! 5)5'! @).'+-+6!<br />
$D&,':$&)!@)$#',$!).,$:)%&,',$!@).'+'!-.)#'!/*',!*/'&'!(,).!'/'-:',$'!#-7'.&-+-)!#A$)$!KT2LTbILB!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT DISTINCT owner FROM pet;<br />
+--------+<br />
| owner |<br />
+--------+<br />
| Benny |<br />
| Diane |<br />
| Gwen |<br />
| Ha<strong>ro</strong>ld |<br />
+--------+<br />
!<br />
! E-&$&)!@*+*%)!*!#+'-8'!Gwhere”!%'!,$'+)8'&)!*!#*59).',$!).&,$!%$+$#&)'!,'./-,)+*,!%)!#$'!'!#*+*'.$+*,=!<br />
K$!$D$5(+-6!%$+$#&'&)!/'&$+$!/$!.'%&$,$!/*',!'!#').)+*,!%)!()%)#)+*,B!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT name, species, birth FROM pet<br />
-> WHERE species = "dog" OR species = "cat";<br />
+--------+---------+------------+<br />
| name | species | birth |<br />
+--------+---------+------------+<br />
| Fluffy | cat | 1993-02-04 |<br />
| Claws | cat | 1994-03-17 |<br />
| Buffy | dog | 1989-05-13 |<br />
| Fang | dog | 1990-08-27 |<br />
| Bowser | dog | 1989-08-31 |<br />
+--------+---------+------------+<br />
!<br />
3.3.4.4 Sortarea liniilor<br />
!<br />
! L,$9-)$! %'! @)! *9%$,7'&! ).! $D$5(+$+$! '.&$,)*',$! #'! +).))+$! ,$8-+&'&$! .-! %-.&! /)%(-%$! ).&,C*! *,/).$!<br />
'.-5$=!!<br />
! P,)#-56!/$!#$+$!5')!5-+&$!*,)!$%&$!5')!-%*,!%'!).,$:)%&,$8)!#'./!+).))+$!%-.&!%*,&'&$!/-('!-.!'.-5)&!<br />
).&$+$%=!"%&@$+!@*+*%)&)!#+'-8'!PVKUV!gt=!<br />
! T'&'!/'&$+$!/$!.'%&$,$!/)%(-%$!#,*.*+*:)#B!<br />
!
! Of<br />
mysql> SELECT name, birth FROM pet ORDER BY birth;<br />
+----------+------------+<br />
| name | birth |<br />
+----------+------------+<br />
| Buffy | 1989-05-13 |<br />
| Bowser | 1989-08-31 |<br />
| Fang | 1990-08-27 |<br />
| Fluffy | 1993-02-04 |<br />
| Claws | 1994-03-17 |<br />
| Slim | 1996-04-29 |<br />
| Whistler | 1997-12-09 |<br />
| Chirpy | 1998-09-11 |<br />
| Puffball | 1999-03-30 |<br />
+----------+------------+<br />
!<br />
! E$.&,-!%*,&',$'!).7$,%'!>/$%#,$%#',*',$?!'/-:'&)!#-7'.&-+!#A$)$!KU2I!+'!.-5$+$!#*+*'.$)!($!#',$!<br />
*!%$+$#&'&)B!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT name, birth FROM pet ORDER BY birth DESC;<br />
+----------+------------+<br />
| name | birth |<br />
+----------+------------+<br />
| Puffball | 1999-03-30 |<br />
| Chirpy | 1998-09-11 |<br />
| Whistler | 1997-12-09 |<br />
| Slim | 1996-04-29 |<br />
| Claws | 1994-03-17 |<br />
| Fluffy | 1993-02-04 |<br />
| Fang | 1990-08-27 |<br />
| Bowser | 1989-08-31 |<br />
| Buffy | 1989-05-13 |<br />
+----------+------------+<br />
!<br />
! E-&$&)!%*,&'!5')!5-+&$!#*+*'.$!#*.%$#-&)7$=!UD$5(+-+!/-('!%($#)$6!'(*)!/-('!/'&'!.'%&$,))!@'#'./!<br />
'.-5)&$!(,$#)8',)!(,$#-5!.-5$+$!#$+-)!5')!&'.',!'.)5'+B!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT name, species, birth FROM pet ORDER BY species, birth<br />
DESC;
! Oj<br />
+----------+---------+------------+<br />
| name | species | birth |<br />
+----------+---------+------------+<br />
| Chirpy | bird | 1998-09-11 |<br />
| Whistler | bird | 1997-12-09 |<br />
| Claws | cat | 1994-03-17 |<br />
| Fluffy | cat | 1993-02-04 |<br />
| Fang | dog | 1990-08-27 |<br />
| Bowser | dog | 1989-08-31 |<br />
| Buffy | dog | 1989-05-13 |<br />
| Puffball | hamster | 1999-03-30 |<br />
| Slim | snake | 1996-04-29 |<br />
+----------+---------+------------+<br />
!<br />
P9%$,7'&)!#'!KU2I!%$!'(+)#'!/*',!#*+*'.$+*,!'+!#'+*,!.-5$!'!@*%&!%($#)@)#'&=!I$+$+'+&$!,'5'.!.$%#A)59'&$=!<br />
UDB!7'+*,)+$!%($#)$)!%-.&!).#'!$.-5$,'&$!).!*,/).$!#,$%#'&*',$=!<br />
3.3.4.5 Calculul datelor!<br />
!<br />
! 01%;+!'%):-,'!#'&$7'!@'#)+)&'&)!($!#',$!+$!(-&$&)!@*+*%)!($.&,-!/)7$,%$!#'+#-+$!'%-(,'!/'&$+*,B!!<br />
! UDB!#'+#-+-+!7',%&$+*,!%'-!$D&,':$,$'!-.*,!(',&)!$,*.'&$!'!/'&$+*,=!E$.&,-!'!/$&$,5).'!#$!7',%&'!',$!<br />
@)$#',$!'.)5'+6!#'+#-+'&)!/)@$,$.&'!/).&,$!/'&'!#-,$.&'!%)!#$'!).,$:)%&,'&'!'(*)!%#'/$&)!O6!/'#'!/'&'!#-,$.&'!<br />
$%&$!%)&-'&'!).!#'+$./',!).').&$'!/'&$+*,!/$!.'%&$,$=!!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT name, birth, CURRENT_DATE,<br />
-> (YEAR(CURRENT_DATE)-YEAR(birth))<br />
-> - (RIGHT(CURRENT_DATE,5) AS age<br />
-> FROM pet;<br />
+----------+------------+--------------+------+<br />
| name | birth | CURRENT_DATE | age |<br />
+----------+------------+--------------+------+<br />
| Fluffy | 1993-02-04 | 2001-08-29 | 8 |<br />
| Claws | 1994-03-17 | 2001-08-29 | 7 |<br />
| Buffy | 1989-05-13 | 2001-08-29 | 12 |<br />
| Fang | 1990-08-27 | 2001-08-29 | 11 |<br />
| Bowser | 1989-08-31 | 2001-08-29 | 11 |<br />
| Chirpy | 1998-09-11 | 2001-08-29 | 2 |
! Oo<br />
| Whistler | 1997-12-09 | 2001-08-29 | 3 |<br />
| Slim | 1996-04-29 | 2001-08-29 | 5 |<br />
| Puffball | 1999-03-30 | 2001-08-29 | 2 |<br />
+----------+------------+--------------+------+<br />
!<br />
")#)! tU"V>?! ).,$:)%&,$'8'! '.-+! /).! /'&'! /$! .'%&$,$6! )',! VTqhL! #$+$+'+&$! #).#)! #','#&$,$!<br />
,$(,$8$.&'./! +-.'6! ,$%($#&)7! 8)-'=! V$8-+&'&-+! (*'&$! @)! %#'.'&! #-! 5')! 5-+&'! -%-,).&'! /'#'! +).))+$! '-! @*%&!<br />
).,$:)%&,'&$! ).&,C*! *,/).$! (,$%&'9)+)&'=! "#$%&! +-#,-! %$! *9&).$! '/'-:'./! #+'-8'! PVKUV! gt! %(,$! '! %*,&'!<br />
).,$:)%&,',)+$!@).'+$!/-('!.-5$=!E$.&,-!*!).,$:)%&,',$!@).'+'!/-('!7',%&'!$%&$!/$!'M-.%!%'!*(&'&)!($.&,-!*!'+&'!<br />
#+'-8'!PVKUV!gt=!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT name, birth, CURRENT_DATE,<br />
-> (YEAR(CURRENT_DATE)-YEAR(birth))<br />
-> - (RIGHT(CURRENT_DATE,5) AS age<br />
-> FROM pet ORDER BY name;<br />
+----------+------------+--------------+------+<br />
| name | birth | CURRENT_DATE | age |<br />
+----------+------------+--------------+------+<br />
| Bowser | 1989-08-31 | 2001-08-29 | 11 |.170 <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>MySQL</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> Technical Reference<br />
for Version 4.1.0-alpha<br />
| Buffy | 1989-05-13 | 2001-08-29 | 12 |<br />
| Chirpy | 1998-09-11 | 2001-08-29 | 2 |<br />
| Claws | 1994-03-17 | 2001-08-29 | 7 |<br />
| Fang | 1990-08-27 | 2001-08-29 | 11 |<br />
| Fluffy | 1993-02-04 | 2001-08-29 | 8 |<br />
| Puffball | 1999-03-30 | 2001-08-29 | 2 |<br />
| Slim | 1996-04-29 | 2001-08-29 | 5 |<br />
| Whistler | 1997-12-09 | 2001-08-29 | 3 |<br />
+----------+------------+--------------+------+<br />
mysql> SELECT name, birth, CURRENT_DATE,<br />
-> (YEAR(CURRENT_DATE)-YEAR(birth))<br />
-> - (RIGHT(CURRENT_DATE,5) AS age<br />
-> FROM pet ORDER BY age;<br />
+----------+------------+--------------+------+<br />
| name | birth | CURRENT_DATE | age |
! Rp<br />
+----------+------------+--------------+------+<br />
| Chirpy | 1998-09-11 | 2001-08-29 | 2 |<br />
| Puffball | 1999-03-30 | 2001-08-29 | 2 |<br />
| Whistler | 1997-12-09 | 2001-08-29 | 3 |<br />
| Slim | 1996-04-29 | 2001-08-29 | 5 |<br />
| Claws | 1994-03-17 | 2001-08-29 | 7 |<br />
| Fluffy | 1993-02-04 | 2001-08-29 | 8 |<br />
| Fang | 1990-08-27 | 2001-08-29 | 11 |<br />
| Bowser | 1989-08-31 | 2001-08-29 | 11 |<br />
| Buffy | 1989-05-13 | 2001-08-29 | 12 |<br />
+----------+------------+--------------+------+<br />
! P! @*,5-+',$! %)5)+','! (*'&$! @)! @*+*%)&'! ($.&,-! '! /$&$,5).'! 7',%&'! ).! 5*5$.&-+! /$#$%-+-)=! I',$!<br />
'.-5$!%-.&!'.)5'+$+$!'@+'&$!).!%)&-'&)'!/'&'!%$!*9%$,7'!%)5(+-!7$,)@)#'./!/'#'!7'+*',$'!G/$'&AH!$%&$!%'-!.-!<br />
bS44=!E$.&,-!#$+$!#',$!.-!%-.&!@'#$&)!/)@$,$.&'!/).&,$!/'&'!/$#$%-+-)!%)!#$'!'!.'%&$,))=!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT name, birth, death,<br />
-> (YEAR(death)-YEAR(birth)) - (RIGHT(death,5) AS age<br />
-> FROM pet WHERE death IS NOT NULL ORDER BY age;<br />
+--------+------------+------------+------+<br />
| name | birth | death | age |<br />
+--------+------------+------------+------+<br />
| Bowser | 1989-08-31 | 1995-07-29 | 5 |<br />
+--------+------------+------------+------+<br />
!<br />
! K',6!/'#'!7,$&)!%'!'@+'&)6!/$!$D$5(+-!#$!'.)5'+$!G)%)!%',9'&*,$%#!8)-'H!+-.'!7))&*',$c!E$.&,-!'%&@$+!<br />
/$!&)(-,)!/$! #'+#-+$6!(','5$&,)!#'!'.-+!%'-!8)-'!/$7).!),$+$7'.&)W!&*&!#$!&,$9-)$!%'!@'#$&)!$%&$!%'!$D&,':$&)!<br />
7'+*,)+$!,$@$,)&*',$!+'!+-.'!/).!#*+*'.'!/'&$)!/$!.'%&$,$=!<br />
! 01%;+! @-,.)8$'8'! #'&$7'! (*%)9)+)&'&)! /$! '%&@$+! /$! %$+$#&',)! G(',&)'+$HB! tU"V>?6! 0PbLh>?6!<br />
K"tPe0PbLh>?=!T.!$D$5(+-+!.*%&,-!+-.'!0PbLh>?!$%&$!*(&)-.$'!(*&,)7)&'=!<br />
! 2(,$!'!7$/'!#*.#,$&!#-5!@-.#&)*.$'8'!,-+'&)! *! #*5'./'!%)5(+'!#',$!).#+-/$!/$*(*&,)7'!7'+*,)+$!<br />
/'&$+*,!/$!.'%&$,$!>9),&A?!,$%($#&)7!'+$!+-.))!>5*.&A?=!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT name, birth, MONTH(birth) FROM pet;<br />
+----------+------------+--------------+<br />
| name | birth | MONTH(birth) |<br />
+----------+------------+--------------+
! RO<br />
| Fluffy | 1993-02-04 | 2 |<br />
| Claws | 1994-03-17 | 3 |<br />
| Buffy | 1989-05-13 | 5 |<br />
| Fang | 1990-08-27 | 8 |<br />
| Bowser | 1989-08-31 | 8 |<br />
| Chirpy | 1998-09-11 | 9 |<br />
| Whistler | 1997-12-09 | 12 |<br />
| Slim | 1996-04-29 | 4 |<br />
| Puffball | 1999-03-30 | 3 |<br />
+----------+------------+--------------+<br />
!<br />
K$'%$5$.$'! $%&$! -%*','! #'-&',$'! '.)5'+$+*,! #',$! '-! 8)-'! /$! .'%&$,$! ).! +-.'! #$! -,5$'8'=!<br />
E,$%-(-.$5!#'!+-.'!#-,$.&'!$%&$!"(,)+)$=!"&-.#)!7'+*',$'!+-.))!$%&$!Y!%)!K7%=!#'-&'&)!'.)5'+$!.'%#-&$!).!0')!<br />
>+-.'!Z?!'%&@$+B!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT name, birth FROM pet WHERE MONTH(birth) = 5;<br />
+-------+------------+<br />
| name | birth |<br />
+-------+------------+<br />
| Buffy | 1989-05-13 |<br />
+-------+------------+<br />
!<br />
K$%):-,! $D)%&'! *! 5)#'! #*5(+)#'&)$! /'#'! +-.'! #-,$.&'! $%&$! K$#$59,)$=! b-! (-&$&)! '/'-:'! O! +'!<br />
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%'!@*+*%)&)!.-5',-+!'@$,$.&!-.$)!+-.)!*',$#',$!).!#*5'./'=!K"LUk"KK>?!7'!($,5)&$!%'!'/'-:'&)!*!+-.'!+'!<br />
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#'-&'&)!8)+$+$!/$!.'%&$,$B!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT name, birth FROM pet<br />
-> WHERE MONTH(birth) = MONTH(DATE_ADD(NOW(), INTERVAL 1 MONTH));<br />
P!'+&'!#'+$!/$!'!,$'+)8'!'#$)'%)!&$5'!$%&$!%'!'/'-:'&)!O!($.&,-!'!'M-.:$!+'!+-.'!-,5'&*',$!/-('!#$'!<br />
#-,$.&'!>@*+*%)./!@-.#&)'!0PK>?!($.&,-!'!,*&-.M)!7'+*',$'!+-.))!+'!p!/'#'!$'!$%&$!OR?B!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT name, birth FROM pet<br />
-> WHERE MONTH(birth) = MOD(MONTH(NOW()), 12) + 1;
! RR<br />
!<br />
L,$9-)$! .*&'&! @'(&-+! #'! @-.#&)'! 0PbLh>?! ).&*',#$! -.! .-5',! ).&,$! O! %)! OR=! T',! 0PK>#$7'6OR?!<br />
).&*',#$!-.!.-5',!).&,$!p!%)!OO=!"%'/',!).#,$5$.&',$'!&,$9-)$!%'!@)$!@-.#&)'!0PK>?6!'+&@$+!'5!&,$#$!/$!+'!<br />
b*)$59,)$!>OO?!+'!T'.-',)$!>O?=!<br />
! !<br />
! Lucrul cu valori NULL<br />
X'+*',$'! bS44! (*'&$! @)! %-,(,).8'&*',$! ('.'! 7'! *9)%.-)&)! #-! $'=! I*.#$(&-'+6! bS44! ).%$'5.'!<br />
7'+*',$!+)(%'!%'-!.$#-.*%#-&'!%)!$%&$!&,'&'&'!*',$#-5!/)@$,)&!/$#'&!'+&$!7'+*,)=!E$.&,-!'!&$%&'!7'+*',$'!bS44!<br />
.-!(-&$&)!@*+*%)!*($,'&*,)!',)&5$&)#)!/$!#*5(','&)$!#-5!',!@)!u6v!%'-!v[=!E$.&,-!'!/$5*.%&,'!'#$'%&'!($.&,-!<br />
K7%=!).%)7'6!).#$,#'&)!-,5'&*',$'!#*5'./'B!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT 1 = NULL, 1 NULL, 1 < NULL, 1 > NULL;<br />
+----------+-----------+----------+----------+<br />
| 1 = NULL | 1 NULL | 1 < NULL | 1 > NULL |<br />
+----------+-----------+----------+----------+<br />
| NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |<br />
+----------+-----------+----------+----------+<br />
!<br />
U7)/$.&!.-!*9&).$&)!,$8-+&'&$!%'&)%@'#'&*',$!/).!'#$'%&'!#*5(','&)$=!e*+*%)&)!*($,'&*,))!T2!bS44!%)!<br />
T2!bPL!bS44!).!+*#B!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT 1 IS NULL, 1 IS NOT NULL;<br />
+-----------+---------------+<br />
| 1 IS NULL | 1 IS NOT NULL |<br />
+-----------+---------------+<br />
| 0 | 1 |<br />
+-----------+---------------+<br />
!<br />
P9%$,7'&)! #'! ).! 01%;+6! p! %'-! bS44! ).%$'5.'! @'+%!%)! *,)#$! '+&#$7'! ).%$5.'! '/$7','&=!X'+*',$'!<br />
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.$#$%','!/$&$,5).',$'!'.)5'+$+*,!#$!.-!5')!%-.&!).!7)'&'!@*+*%)./!/$'&A!T2!bPL!bS44!).!+*#!/$!/$'&A!v[!<br />
bS44=!<br />
! K*-'!7'+*,)!bS44!%-.&!#*.%)/$,'&$!$:'+$!).&,C-.!qVPSE!gt=!<br />
! "&-.#)! #'./! -&)+)8'&)! -.! qVPSE! gt6! 7'+*,)+$! bS44! %-.&! (,$8$.&'&$! (,)5$+$! #'./! -&)+)8'&)!<br />
qVPSE!gt!w!"2I!%)!-+&)5$+$!/'#'!@*+*%)&)!qVPSE!gt!w!KU2I=!
! RN<br />
! b*&'&)! #'! ).&,$! 01%;+! Y=p=R! SELECT * FROM pet WHERE name LIKE "%fy";<br />
+--------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+<br />
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |<br />
+--------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+<br />
| Fluffy | Ha<strong>ro</strong>ld | cat | f | 1993-02-04 | NULL |<br />
| Buffy | Ha<strong>ro</strong>ld | dog | f | 1989-05-13 | NULL |<br />
+--------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+<br />
!<br />
E$.&,-!'!:'%)!.-5$!#$!#*.&).!+)&$,'!`naB!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE name LIKE "%w%";<br />
+----------+-------+---------+------+------------+------------+<br />
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |<br />
+----------+-------+---------+------+------------+------------+
! RY<br />
| Claws | Gwen | cat | m | 1994-03-17 | NULL |<br />
| Bowser | Diane | dog | m | 1989-08-31 | 1995-07-29 |<br />
| Whistler | Gwen | bird | NULL | 1997-12-09 | NULL |<br />
+----------+-------+---------+------+------------+------------+<br />
!<br />
E$.&,-!'!:'%)!.-5$!#$!#*.&).!$D'#&!#).#)!#','#&$,$6!@*+*%)&)!#','#&$,-+!&)(!`kaB!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE name LIKE "_____";<br />
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+<br />
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |<br />
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+<br />
| Claws | Gwen | cat | m | 1994-03-17 | NULL |<br />
| Buffy | Ha<strong>ro</strong>ld | dog | f | 1989-05-13 | NULL |<br />
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+<br />
!<br />
"+&$!&)(-,)!/$!#'-&',)!/-('!#'8!'%):-,'&$!/$!01%;+!@*+*%$%#!$D(,$%))!$D&).%$!>,$:-+'&$?=!"-.#)!#'./!&$%&'&)!<br />
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V4TyU6!#',$!%-.&!%).*.)5)?=!<br />
! S.$+$!#','#&$,)%&)#)!'+$!$D(,$%))+*,!$D&).%$!%-.&B!<br />
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@*+*%)&)!%$5.-+!GCH!>/'%A?=!`z'C8{a!'%*#)'8'!*,)#$!+)&$,'!5)#'!6!)',!`zp==o{a!*,)#$!#)@,'=!<br />
" `Qa! '%*#)'8'! 8$,*! %'-! 5')! 5-+&$! ).%&'.&$! '+$! +-#,-+-)#$+! (,$#$/'=! K$! $D$5(+-6! `DQa!<br />
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'%*#)'8'!*,)#$!.-5',!/$!*,)#',$!@$+=!<br />
" L)(-+!$%&$!'%*#)'&!/'#'!'(',$!*,)-./$!).!7'+*',$'!#',$!$%&$!&$%&'&'=!L)(-,)+$!%;+!'%*#)'8'!<br />
/*',!/'#'!$+$!'%*#)'8'!).&$':'!7'+*',$=!<br />
" E$.&,-! '! '.#*,'! -.! &)(! '%&@$+! ).#'&! %'! &$9-)'%#'! '%*#)'&! #-! ).#$(-&-+! %'-! @).'+-+! 7'+*,))!<br />
&$%&'&$6!@*+*%)&)!`|a!+'!).#$(-&!%'-!`}a!+'!%@',%)&-+!&)(-+-)=!<br />
E$.&,-! '! /$5*.%&,'! #-5! @-.#&)*.$'8'! $D(,$%))+$! $D&).%$6! #*5$.8)+$! 4TyU! ','&'&$! '.&$,)*,! %-.&!<br />
,$%#,)%$!')#)!($.&,-!'!@*+*%)!VUqUlE=!<br />
! E$.&,-!'!:'%)!.-5$!#$!).#$(!#-!`9a6!@*+*%)&)!`|a!($.&,-!'!'%*#)'!).#$(-&-+!.-5$+-)B!<br />
! !<br />
mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE name REGEXP "^b";<br />
+--------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+<br />
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
! RZ<br />
+--------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+<br />
| Buffy | Ha<strong>ro</strong>ld | dog | f | 1989-05-13 | NULL |<br />
| Bowser | Diane | dog | m | 1989-08-31 | 1995-07-29 |<br />
+--------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+<br />
!<br />
T.').&$!/$!01%;+!7$,%)-.$'!N=RN=Y6!VUqUlE!$%&$!%$.%)9)+!+'!#'86!%)!#*5'./'!/$!5')!).').&$!.-!7'!<br />
).&*',#$!.)#)!-.!,'./=!E$.&,-!'!'%*#)'!'&'&!+)&$,$!5)#)!#'&!%)!5',)6!$D$5(+-!`9a6!@*+*%)&)!'#$'%&'!#*5'./'!).!<br />
+*#B!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE name REGEXP "^[bB]";<br />
!<br />
K$!+'!01%;+!N=RN=Y!).#*+*6!($.&,-!'!@*,&'!*!#*5(','&)$!VUqUlE!%'!@)$!%$.%)9)+'!+'!#'86!@*+*%)&)!<br />
#-7'.&-+! #A$)$! gTb"Vt! ($.&,-! '! #*.7$,&)! -.! %),! ).&,C-.! %),! 9).',=! S,5'&*',$'! #*5'./'! 7'! '%*#)'! /*',!<br />
+)&$,'!5)#'!`9a!+'!).#$(-&-+!-.-)!.-5$B!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE name REGEXP BINARY "^b";<br />
!<br />
E$.&,-!'!:'%)!.-5$!#$!%$!&$,5).'!#-!`@1a6!@*+*%)&)!`}a!($.&,-!'!'%*#)'!@).'+-+!-.-)!.-5$B!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE name REGEXP "fy$";<br />
+--------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+<br />
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |<br />
+--------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+<br />
| Fluffy | Ha<strong>ro</strong>ld | cat | f | 1993-02-04 | NULL |<br />
| Buffy | Ha<strong>ro</strong>ld | dog | f | 1989-05-13 | NULL |<br />
+--------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+<br />
!<br />
! E$.&,-!'!:'%)!.-5$!#$!#*.&).!+)&$,'!5)#'!%'-!5',$!`na6!@*+*%)&)!'#$%&'!#*5'./'B!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE name REGEXP "w";<br />
+----------+-------+---------+------+------------+------------+<br />
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |<br />
+----------+-------+---------+------+------------+------------+<br />
| Claws | Gwen | cat | m | 1994-03-17 | NULL |<br />
| Bowser | Diane | dog | m | 1989-08-31 | 1995-07-29 |<br />
| Whistler | Gwen | bird | NULL | 1997-12-09 | NULL |<br />
+----------+-------+---------+------+------------+------------+<br />
!
! R^<br />
K$*',$#$!*!$D(,$%)$!,$:-+','!&)(!'%*#)'8'!/'#'!$'!'(',$!*,)-./$!).!7'+*',$6!.-!$%&$!.$#$%',!#'!).!<br />
#*5'./'! (,$#$/$.&'! %'! @)$! ).&,*/-%)! %($#)@)#'&*,)! /$! .)#)! *! (',&$! '! &)(-+-)! ($.&,-! '! *9&).$! *! '%*#)$,$! #-!<br />
).&,$':'!7'+*',$!'%'!#-5!',!@)!@*%&!/'#'!'&)!@)!@*+*%)&!-.!&)(!%;+=!<br />
! E$.&,-!'!:'%)!-.!.-5$!#$!#*.&).$!$D'#&!#).#)!#','#&$,$6!@*+*%)&)!`|a!%)!`}a!#'!%'!'%*#)'&)!).#$(-&-+!%)!<br />
%@',%)&-+!.-5$+-)6!#)!#).#)!).%&'.&$!/$!`=a!).&,$B!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE name REGEXP "^.....$";<br />
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+<br />
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |<br />
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+<br />
| Claws | Gwen | cat | m | 1994-03-17 | NULL |<br />
| Buffy | Ha<strong>ro</strong>ld | dog | f | 1989-05-13 | NULL |<br />
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+<br />
!<br />
! "&)!(-&$'!/$'%$5$.$'!%#,)$!#*5'./'!'.&$,)*','!@*+*%)./!`~. a6!*($,'&*,-+!G,$($&'&C.C*,)H=!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE name REGEXP "^.{5}$";<br />
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+<br />
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |<br />
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+<br />
| Claws | Gwen | cat | m | 1994-03-17 | NULL |<br />
| Buffy | Ha<strong>ro</strong>ld | dog | f | 1989-05-13 | NULL |<br />
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+<br />
!<br />
Numararea randurilor<br />
g'8$+$!/$!/'&$!%-.&!'/$%$'!@*+*%)&$!($.&,-'!,'%(-./$!).&,$9',))B!GI'&!/$!/$%!'(',$!-.!'.-5)&!&)(!/$!<br />
/'&'! ).&,C-.! &'9$+cH! K$! $D$5(+-6! /'#'! /*,)&)! %'! '@+'&)! #'&$! '.)5'+$! '7$&)6! %'-! #'&$! '.)5'+$! ',$! @)$#',$!<br />
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! I'+#-+',$'! .-5',-+-)! &*&'+! /$! '.)5'+$! ($! #',$! +$! '7$&)! $%&$! '#$+'%)! +-#,-! #'! %)! #-5! '&)! ).&,$9'B!<br />
GI'&$!,'./-,)!%-.&!).&,C-.!&'9$+!/$!'.)5'+$cH!/$*',$#$!$D)%&'!*!%).:-,'!).,$:)%&,',$!($.&,-!@)$#',$!'.)5'+=!<br />
e-.#&)'! IPSbL>?! .-5','! .-5',-+! /$! ,$8-+&'&$! #',$! .-! %-.&! bS446! '%&@$+! ).#'&! #*5'./'! /$! '! .-5','!<br />
'.)5'+$+$!K7%=!X'!','&'!/-('!#-5!-,5$'8'B!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM pet;<br />
+----------+<br />
| COUNT(*) |<br />
+----------+
! Rf<br />
| 9 |<br />
+----------+<br />
!<br />
0')!/$7,$5$!'&)!*9&).-&!.-5$+$!($,%*'.$+*,!#$!/$&).!'.)5'+$=!E-&$&)!@*+*%)!IPSbL>?!/'#'!/*,)&)!<br />
%'!'@+'&)!#'&$!'.)5'+$!',$!@)$#',$!(,*(,)$&',!).!(',&$B!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT owner, COUNT(*) FROM pet GROUP BY owner;<br />
+--------+----------+<br />
| owner | COUNT(*) |<br />
+--------+----------+<br />
| Benny | 2 |<br />
| Diane | 2 |<br />
| Gwen | 3 |<br />
| Ha<strong>ro</strong>ld | 2 |<br />
+--------+----------+<br />
!<br />
P9%$,7'&)!#-5!$%&$!-&)+)8'&!qVPSE!gt!($.&,-!'!:,-('!+'!-.!+*#!&*'&$!).,$:)%&,',)+$!($.&,-!@)$#',$!<br />
(,*(,)$&',=!e','!$+!'&)!*9&).$!/*',!-.!5$%'M!/$!$,*',$B!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT owner, COUNT(owner) FROM pet;<br />
ERROR 1140 at line 1: Mixing of GROUP columns (MIN(),MAX(),COUNT()...)<br />
with no GROUP columns is illegal if there is no GROUP BY clause<br />
!<br />
IPSbL>?! %)! qVPSE! gt! %-.&! @*+*%)&*',$! ($.&,-! '! 7'! #','#&$,)8'! /'&$+$! ).! /)@$,)&$! 5*/-,)=!<br />
S,5'&*',$+$!$D$5(+$!','&'!/)@$,)&$!#')!/$!'!$@$#&-'!*($,'&))!/$!,$#$.%'5'.&!+'!'.)5'+$+$!K7%=!<br />
! b-5',-+!/$!'.)5'+$!).!@-.#&)$/$!%($#)$B!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT species, COUNT(*) FROM pet GROUP BY species;<br />
+---------+----------+<br />
| species | COUNT(*) |<br />
+---------+----------+<br />
| bird | 2 |<br />
| cat | 2 |<br />
| dog | 3 |<br />
| hamster | 1 |<br />
| snake | 1 |<br />
+---------+----------+<br />
!
! Rj<br />
! b-5',-+!/$!'.)5'+$!).!@-.#&)$!/$!%$DB!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT sex, COUNT(*) FROM pet GROUP BY sex;<br />
+------+----------+<br />
| sex | COUNT(*) |<br />
+------+----------+<br />
| NULL | 1 |<br />
| f | 4 |<br />
| m | 4 |<br />
+------+----------+<br />
!<br />
>4'!'#$%&!,$8-+&'&6!bS44!)./)#'!%$D!.$#-.*%#-&=?!<br />
! b-5',-+!/$!'.)5'+$!).!#*59).'&)$!/$!%($#)$!%)!%$DB!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT species, sex, COUNT(*) FROM pet GROUP BY species, sex;<br />
+---------+------+----------+<br />
| species | sex | COUNT(*) |<br />
+---------+------+----------+<br />
| bird | NULL | 1 |<br />
| bird | f | 1 |<br />
| cat | f | 1 |<br />
| cat | m | 1 |<br />
| dog | f | 1 |<br />
| dog | m | 2 |<br />
| hamster | f | 1 |<br />
| snake | m | 1 |<br />
+---------+------+----------+<br />
!<br />
b-!$%&$!.$7*)$!%'!$D&,':$&)!).&,$:-+!&'9$+!'&-.#)!#'./!@*+*%)&)!IPSbL>?=!K$!$D$5(+-6!#*5'./'!<br />
'.&$,)*','6!#'./!$%&$!$@$#&-'&'!($!#').)!%)!()%)#)6!','&'!'%&@$+B!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT species, sex, COUNT(*) FROM pet<br />
-> WHERE species = "dog" OR species = "cat"<br />
-> GROUP BY species, sex;<br />
+---------+------+----------+<br />
| species | sex | COUNT(*) |<br />
+---------+------+----------+<br />
| cat | f | 1 |
! Ro<br />
| cat | m | 1 |<br />
| dog | f | 1 |<br />
| dog | m | 2 |<br />
+---------+------+----------+<br />
!<br />
! 2'-6!/'#'!/*,)&)!/*',!.-5',-+!/$!'.)5'+$!#-!%$D-+!#-.*%#-&B!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT species, sex, COUNT(*) FROM pet<br />
-> WHERE sex IS NOT NULL<br />
-> GROUP BY species, sex;<br />
+---------+------+----------+<br />
| species | sex | COUNT(*) |<br />
+---------+------+----------+<br />
| bird | f | 1 |<br />
| cat | f | 1 |<br />
| cat | m | 1 |<br />
| dog | f | 1 |<br />
| dog | m | 2 |<br />
| hamster | f | 1 |<br />
| snake | m | 1 |<br />
+---------+------+----------+<br />
!<br />
3.3.4.9 Folosirea mai multor tabele<br />
!<br />
! L'9$+-+!G(#&H!7'!&).$!$7)/$.&'!'.)5'+$+*,!/$!#*5('.)$!($!#',$!+$!'7$&)=!K'#'!7,$&)!%'!).,$:)%&,'&)!%)!<br />
'+&$! `).@*,5'&))a! /$%(,$! $+$6! $7$.)5$.&$! )5(*,&'.&$! (,$#-5! .'%&$,$'! (-)+*,! %'-! 7)8)&$+$! +'! 7$&$,).',6! 7$&)!<br />
'7$'!.$7*)$!/$!-.!'+&!&'9$+=!<br />
! I-5!',!&,$9-)!%'!','&$c!",!&,$9-)!%'!).#+-/'B!<br />
" b-5$+$!'.)5'+-+-)!%(,$!'!%&)!-./$!(+'%'&)!$7$.)5$.&-+=!<br />
" K'&'6!%(,$!'!%&)!#'./!%C'!($&,$#-&=!<br />
" S.!('%'M!C!#'5(!).!#',$!%'C+!/$%#,)$&)=!<br />
" S.!#'5(!($!&)(-,)!/$!$7$.)5$.&$6!%(,$!'!+$!*,/*.'=!<br />
! L*'&$!'#$%&$'!@))./!*(-%$6!*(&)-.$'!IVU"LU!L"g4U!($.&,-!&'9$+-+!$7$.)5$.&$+*,!',!&,$9-)!%'!<br />
','&$!#'!'%'B!<br />
mysql> CREATE TABLE event (name VARCHAR(20), date DATE,<br />
-> type VARCHAR(15), remark VARCHAR(255));<br />
!
! Np<br />
K'&!@))./!&'9$+-+!).)&)'+!G($&H!7'!@)!5')!-%*,!%'!).&,*/-#$&)!/'&$+$!).)&)'+$!).!#$+!/$C'+!/*)+$'!#,$')./!<br />
-.!&$D&!'!#',-)!/'&$!7*,!@)!/$+)5)&'&$!(,).!#'&$!-.!&'9B!!<br />
!<br />
name date type remark<br />
Fluffy 1995-05-15 litter 4 kittens, 3 female, 1 male<br />
Buffy 1993-06-23 litter 5 puppies, 2 female, 3 male<br />
Buffy 1994-06-19 litter 3 puppies, 3 female<br />
Chirpy 1999-03-21 vet ciocul indreptat<br />
Slim 1997-08-03 vet coasta rupta<br />
Bowser 1991-10-12 kennel<br />
Fang 1991-10-12 kennel<br />
Fang 1998-08-28 birthday o noua jucarie de plastic<br />
Claws 1998-03-17 birthday o noua zgarda<br />
Whistler 1998-12-09 birthday zi de nastere<br />
!<br />
T.#',#'&)!).,$:)%&,',)+$!'%&@$+B!<br />
!<br />
mysql> LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE "event.txt" INTO TABLE event;<br />
!<br />
P,)$.&'./-C7'! /-('! #-.*%&).&$+$! '#-5-+'&$! +'! &'9$+-+! '.&$,)*,! 7$&)! ,$-%)! %'! $@$#&-'&)! /)7$,%$!<br />
*($,'&)-.)!%)!5*/)@)#',)!).!&'9$+-+!$7$.)5$.&$+*,=!E,).#)())+$!%-.&!'#$+$'%)=!<br />
! K',!).!#'8-+!).!#',$!/'&$+$!).&,*/-%$!%-.&!).%-@)#)$.&$!($.&,-!'!,'%(-./$!'.-5)&*,!).&,$9',)6!#$!',!<br />
&,$9-)!%'!@'#$&)c!<br />
! 2'! (,$%-(-.$56! #$! 7',%&'! '7$'! @)$#',$! '.)5'+! ).! 5*5$.&-+! ).! #',$! '! '7-&! .*-C.'%#-&)! L'9$+-+!<br />
$7$.)5$.&$+*,! )./)#'! /'&$+$! ).! #',$! '#$%&! +-#,-! %'! ($&,$#-&6! /',! ($.&,-! '! #'+#-+'! 7',%&'! G5'5$)H6! '7$&)6!<br />
.$7*)$!%)!/$!/'&'!/$!.'%&$,$=!<br />
! E$.&,-!#'!'#$'%&'!$!%&*#'&'!).!&'9$+-+!G($&H!'7$&)!.$7*)$!/$!'59$+$!&'9$+$!).!'#$+'%)!&)5(6!($.&,-!<br />
-,5'&*',$'!#*5'./'B!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT pet.name,<br />
-> (TO_DAYS(date) - TO_DAYS(birth))/365 AS age,<br />
-> remark<br />
-> FROM pet, event<br />
-> WHERE pet.name = event.name AND type = "litter";.178 <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>MySQL</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> Technical<br />
Reference for Version 4.1.0-alpha<br />
+--------+------+-----------------------------+<br />
| name | age | remark |<br />
+--------+------+-----------------------------+
! NO<br />
| Fluffy | 2.27 | 4 kittens, 3 female, 1 male |<br />
| Buffy | 4.12 | 5 puppies, 2 female, 3 male |<br />
| Buffy | 5.10 | 3 puppies, 3 female |<br />
+--------+------+-----------------------------+<br />
!<br />
L,$9-)$!%-9+).)'&$!#'&$7'!+-#,-,)!).!+$:'&-,'!#-!'#$'%&'!#*5'./'B!<br />
" I+'-8'!eVP0!,-+$'8'!'59$+$!&'9$+$!($.&,-!#'!#$,$,$'!7'!$D&,':$!/'&$!/).!'5'./*-'W!<br />
" I'./! %-.&!#*59).'&$!).!@*,5'&))!/).!5')! 5-+&$!&'9$+$6!&,$9-)$!%($#)@)#'&!5*/-+!).!#',$!<br />
).,$:)%&,',)+$!/).&,C-.-+!(*&!@)!#-(+'&$!#-!#$+$!/).!'+!/*)+$'=!"#$%&!+-#,-! ',!&,$9-)!%'!@)$!<br />
-%*,!6!($.&,-!#'!6!.-C)!'%'6!'59$+$!&'9$+$!(*%$/'!*!#*+*'.'!'!.-5$+-)=!2)!).!#'8-+!.*%&,-6!<br />
%$!7*,!#-(+'!/'&$+$!/).!/*-'!&'9$+$!($!9'8'!7'+*,)+*,!.-5$+-)6!(,).!#'+-8'!ihUVU=!<br />
" L*#5')! ($.&,-! #'! #*+*'.'! .-5$+-)! %$! '@+'! ).! '59$+$! &'9$+$6! #'./! *! @*+*%)&)! &,$9-)$! %'!<br />
%($#)@)#'&)!&'9$+-+=!<br />
! b-!).&*&/$'-.'!'7$&)!.$7*)$!/$!/*-'!&'9$+$!/)@$,)&$!($.&,-!'!@'#$!#*59).',)=!P,)#$!&'9$+!(*'&$!@)!<br />
#*59).'&!#-!$+!).%-%)=!<br />
! K$! $D$5(+-6! ($.&,-! '! :'%)! (*%)9)+$! ($,$#A)! (,).&,$! '.)5'+$+$! /-5.$'7*'%&,'! (-&$&)! #*59).'!<br />
*,)$.&'&)7!@$5$+$+$!%)!5'%#-+))!).%#,)%)!).!'#$+'%)!&'9$+6!/$!$D$5(+-!/-('!%($#)$B!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT p1.name, p1.sex, p2.name, p2.sex, p1.species<br />
-> FROM pet AS p1, pet AS p2<br />
-> WHERE p1.species = p2.species AND p1.sex = "f" AND p2.sex = "m";<br />
+--------+------+--------+------+---------+<br />
| name | sex | name | sex | species |<br />
+--------+------+--------+------+---------+<br />
| Fluffy | f | Claws | m | cat |<br />
| Buffy | f | Fang | m | dog |<br />
| Buffy | f | Bowser | m | dog |<br />
+--------+------+--------+------+---------+<br />
!<br />
3.4 Obtinerea <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>info</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>rmatiilor despre bazele de date si tabele<br />
! I$!@'#$&)!/'#'!-)&'&)!.-5$+$!-.$)!9'8$!/$!/'&$!%'-!-.-)!&'9$+6!%'-!#',$!$!%&,-#&-,'!'#$%&-)'c!<br />
! 01234! ,$8*+7'! '#$'%&'! (,*9+$5'! (,).! #'&$7'! &)(-,)! /$! #*5$.8)! '7'./! /,$(&! %#*(! *9&).$,$'!<br />
).@*,5'&))+*,!/$%(,$!9'8'!%)!&'9$+$+$!#*5(*.$.&$=!<br />
! XC'&)!@'5)+)',)8'&!/$M'!#-!2hPi!K"L"g"2U26!#',$!!%).&!9'8$+$!/$!/'&$!5'.)(-+'&$!($!%$,7$,=!<br />
! E$.&,-!'!'@+'!#$!9'8'!/$!/'&$!,-+$'8'!).&,C-.!'.-5$!5*5$.&6!*(&'&)!($.&,-!@-.#&)'!K"L"g"2U>?B!<br />
!
! NR<br />
mysql> SELECT DATABASE();<br />
+------------+<br />
| DATABASE() |<br />
+------------+<br />
| menagerie |<br />
+------------+<br />
!<br />
! K'#'!.C'&)!%$+$#&'&!.)#)!*!9'8'!/$!/'&$!).#'6!,$8-+&'&-+!7'!@)!.-+=!<br />
! E$.&,-!'!'@+'!#$!&'9$+$!#*.&).$!9'8'!/$!/'&$!%$+$#&'&'!@*+*%)&)!#*5'./'B!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SHOW TABLES;<br />
+---------------------+<br />
| Tables in menagerie |<br />
+---------------------+<br />
| event |<br />
| pet |<br />
+---------------------+<br />
! !<br />
K'#'! 7,$&)!).@*,5'&))!/$%(,$!%&,-#&-,'!&'9$+-+-)6! $!'9%*+-&!.$#$%','!#*5'./'!KU2IVTgU6! 7'! 7'!<br />
@-,.)8'!).@*,5'&))!/$!%(,$!@)$#',$!/).&,$!#*+*'.$+$!&'9$+-+-)B!<br />
!<br />
mysql> DESCRIBE pet;<br />
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+<br />
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |<br />
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+<br />
| name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |<br />
| owner | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |<br />
| species | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |<br />
| sex | char(1) | YES | | NULL | |<br />
| birth | date | YES | | NULL | |<br />
| death | date | YES | | NULL | |<br />
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+<br />
!<br />
! e)$+/!C!)./)#'!.-5$+$!#*+*'.$)W!L1($!C!&)(-+!/'&$+*,W!<br />
! b-++!C!/'#'!#*+*'.'!).#+-/$! %)!7'+*,)!.-+$6!y$1! C!/'#'!#*+*'.'!$%&$!)./$D'&'! %)!K$@'-+&!7'+*,)+$!<br />
(,$%&'9)+)&$!).!%)%&$5-+!/$!*($,',$=!<br />
! K'#'!$D)%&'!)./)#)!).!&'9$+6!2hPi!TbKUl!eVP0!&9+C.'5$!7'!(,*#-,'!).@*,5'&))!/$%(,$!$+$=!<br />
!
! NN<br />
! 3.5 Exemple de comenzi<br />
!<br />
! T'&'!#'&$7'!$D$5(+$!/$%(,$!#-5!(-&$&)!,$8*+7'!#'&$7'!(,*9+$5$!#-,$.&$!(,).!01234=!<br />
! I'&$7'! /).&,$! $D$5(+$! @*+*%$%#! &'9$+-+! %A*(! ($.&,-! '! ).,$:)%&,'! (,$&-+! @)$#',-)! ',&)#*+! >)&$5?! ).!<br />
#'8-+!'.-5)&*,!#*5$,#)'.&!>/$'+$,%?=!2'!(,$%-(-.$5!#'!@)$#',$!#*5$,#)'.&!',$!#'&$!-.!%).:-,!(,$&!@)D!($.&,-!<br />
@)$#',$!(,*/-%=!"&-.#)!7*5!#*.%)/$,'!!#'!>',&)#+$6!/$'+$,%?!$%&$!#A$)$!(,)5','!($.&,-!).,$:)%&,',)B!<br />
! 4'.%'&)!+).)'!/$!#*5'./'!51%;+!%)!%$+$#&'&)!*!9'8'!/$!/'&$B!<br />
! E-&$&)!#,$'!-.!&'9$+!$D$5(+-!'%&@$+B!<br />
!<br />
CREATE TABLE shop (<br />
article INT(4) UNSIGNED ZEROFILL DEFAULT '0000' NOT NULL,<br />
dealer CHAR(20) DEFAULT '' NOT NULL,<br />
price DOUBLE(16,2) DEFAULT '0.00' NOT NULL,<br />
PRIMARY KEY(article, dealer));<br />
INSERT INTO shop VALUES<br />
(1,'A',3.45),(1,'B',3.99),(2,'A',10.99),(3,'B',1.45),(3,'C',1.69),<br />
(3,'D',1.25),(4,'D',19.95);<br />
!<br />
! "#-5!&*&-+!$%&$!Py=!g'8'!$D$5(+$!','&'!'%&@$+B!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT * FROM shop;<br />
+---------+--------+-------+<br />
| article | dealer | price |<br />
+---------+--------+-------+<br />
| 0001 | A | 3.45 |<br />
| 0001 | B | 3.99 |<br />
| 0002 | A | 10.99 |<br />
| 0003 | B | 1.45 |<br />
| 0003 | C | 1.69 |<br />
| 0003 | D | 1.25 |<br />
| 0004 | D | 19.95 |<br />
+---------+--------+-------+<br />
!
! NY<br />
3.5.1 Valoarea maxima pentru o coloana<br />
! GI',$!$%&$!#$+!5')!5',$!.-5',cH!<br />
!<br />
SELECT MAX(article) AS article FROM shop<br />
+---------+<br />
| article |<br />
+---------+<br />
| 4 |<br />
+---------+<br />
!<br />
3.5.2. Linia continand maxima unei anume coloane.<br />
!<br />
Gq'%)&)!.-5',-+6!/$'+$,-+6!%)!(,$&-+!#$+-)!5')!%#-5(!',&)#*+=H!<br />
! T.!234!C!oo!>%)!51;%+!7$,%=!YO?!%$!,$8*+7'!,$($/$!(,).&,C*!%-9#*5'./'B!<br />
!<br />
SELECT article, dealer, price<br />
FROM shop<br />
WHERE price=(SELECT MAX(price) FROM shop)<br />
!<br />
T.!7$,%)-.$'!01234!/$!('.'!+'!Y=O!7$&)!*9&).$!,$8-+&'&-+!).!R!$&'($B!<br />
O= P9&).$&)!7'+*',$'!5'D)5'!'!!(,$&-+-)!#-!2U4UIL=!<br />
R= e*+*%)./!7'+*',$'!,$8-+&'&'!*!).#+-/$&)!).B!<br />
!<br />
SELECT article, dealer, price<br />
FROM shop<br />
WHERE price=19.95<br />
!<br />
! P! '+&'! (*%)9)+'! %*+-&)$! #*.%&'! ).! %*,&',$'! &-&-,*,! ,'./-,)+*,! >+).))+*,?! /$%#,$%#'&*,! /-('! 7'+*',$'!<br />
(,$&-+-)!%)!%$+$#&'&)!/*',!(,)5'!@*+*%)./!#+'-8'!4T0TLB!<br />
!<br />
SELECT article, dealer, price<br />
FROM shop<br />
ORDER BY price DESC<br />
LIMIT 1<br />
!<br />
! bPL"B!K'#'!$D)%&'!5')!5-+&$!7'+*,)!5'D)5$!>'#$+'%)!(,$&?!(,*:,'5-+!7'!)./)#'!/*',!-.'!/).&,$!<br />
$+$=!<br />
! !
! NZ<br />
3.5.3 Maxima coloanei per grup<br />
!<br />
! GI',$!$%&$!7'+*',$'!5'D)5'!'!(,$&-+-)!/-('!',&)#*+cH!<br />
!<br />
SELECT article, MAX(price) AS price<br />
FROM shop<br />
GROUP BY article<br />
+---------+-------+<br />
| article | price |<br />
+---------+-------+<br />
| 0001 | 3.99 |<br />
| 0002 | 10.99 |<br />
| 0003 | 1.69 |<br />
| 0004 | 19.95 |<br />
+---------+-------+<br />
!<br />
3.5.4 Un rand cu un camp care cauta automat maxinmul dintr-un grup anume<br />
GE$&,-!@)$#',$!',&)#*+6!:'%)&)!/)%&,)9-)&*,-+!#-!(,$&-+!#$+!5')!,)/)#'&=H!<br />
!<br />
SELECT article, dealer, price<br />
FROM shop s1<br />
WHERE price=(SELECT MAX(s2.price)<br />
FROM shop s2<br />
WHERE s1.article = s2.article);<br />
!<br />
T.!7$,%)-.$'!01234!/).').&$'!+-)!Y=O!$%&$!9).$!%'!-,5'&)!#)&)7'!('%)B!<br />
O= P9&).$&)!+)%&$+$!>(,$&!5'D!s!',&)#*+?=!<br />
R= E$.&,-!*,)#',$!',&)#*+!(,$+-'&)!+).)'!#*,$%(-.8'&*',$!#',$!',$!%&*#'&'!(,$&-+!5'D)5=!<br />
! E-&$&)!@'#$!'%&'!%)5(+-!#-!-.!&'9$+!!(,*7)8*,)-B!<br />
!<br />
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE tmp (<br />
article INT(4) UNSIGNED ZEROFILL DEFAULT '0000' NOT NULL,<br />
price DOUBLE(16,2) DEFAULT '0.00' NOT NULL);<br />
LOCK TABLES shop read;<br />
INSERT INTO tmp SELECT article, MAX(price) FROM shop GROUP BY article;<br />
SELECT shop.article, dealer, shop.price FROM shop, tmp<br />
WHERE shop.article=tmp.article AND shop.price=tmp.price.
! N^<br />
UNLOCK TABLES;<br />
DROP TABLE tmp;<br />
!<br />
K'#'!.-!@*+*%)&)!-.!&'9$+!LU0EPV"Vt6!&,$9-)$!%'!9+*#'&)!&'9$+-+!`&5(a=!<br />
! GE*'&$!@)!,$'+)8'&!#-!*!%).:-,'!#*5'./'cH!<br />
! K'6!/',!/*',!@*+*%)./!-.!&,-#!$@)#)$.&!($!#',$!TC+!.-5$%#!&,-#-+!G0"lCIPbI"LHB!<br />
!<br />
SELECT article,<br />
SUBSTRING( MAX( CONCAT(LPAD(price,6,'0'),dealer) ), 7) AS dealer,<br />
0.00+LEFT( MAX( CONCAT(LPAD(price,6,'0'),dealer) ), 6) AS price<br />
FROM shop<br />
GROUP BY article;<br />
+---------+--------+-------+<br />
| article | dealer | price |<br />
+---------+--------+-------+<br />
| 0001 | B | 3.99 |<br />
| 0002 | A | 10.99 |<br />
| 0003 | C | 1.69 |<br />
| 0004 | D | 19.95 |<br />
+---------+--------+-------+<br />
!<br />
! S+&)5-+!$D$5(+-!(*'&$!@)6!/%):-,6!@'#-&6!).#'!%)!5')!$@)#)$.&!(,).!/)7)8',$'!#*+*'.$)!).!#+)$.&=!<br />
3.5.5 Folosirea variabilelor utilizatorului!<br />
!<br />
! E-&$&)! @*+*%)! ! 7',)'9)+$+$! 01234! %(,$! '! 7'! ,$'5).&)! ,$8-+&'&$+$! @','! '! &,$9-)! %'! +$! %&*#'&)! ).!<br />
7',)'9)+$!&$5(*,',$!).!#+)$.&=!<br />
! K$!$D$5(+-6!($.&,-!'!:'%)!',&)#*+$+$!#-!#$+!5')!5',$!%'-!#$+!5')!5)#!(,$&!(-&$&)!@'#$!'%&@$+B!<br />
!<br />
mysql> SELECT @min_price:=MIN(price),@max_price:=MAX(price) FROM shop;<br />
mysql> SELECT * FROM shop WHERE price=@min_price OR price=@max_price;<br />
+---------+--------+-------+<br />
| article | dealer | price |<br />
+---------+--------+-------+<br />
| 0003 | D | 1.25 |<br />
| 0004 | D | 19.95 |<br />
+---------+--------+-------+
! Nf<br />
3.5.6 Folosirea cheilor straine<br />
!<br />
! T.!#'8-+!01234!N=RN=YY!%)!5')!/$(',&$6!&'9$+$+$!T..Kg!%-(*,&'!7$,)@)#',$'!#*.&,'.:$,)+*,!#A$)+*,!<br />
%&,').$=!K$!@'(&!.-!'7$&)!.$7*)$!/$!#A$)!%&,').$!($.&,-!'!-.)!/*-'!&'9$+$=!2).:-,-+!+-#,-!($!#',$!01234!.-!<br />
)+!@'#$!).!5*/!#-,$.&!>).!'+&$!&)(-,)!/$!&'9$+$!).'@','!/$!T..*Kg?6!$%&$!'#$+'!/$!'!7$,)@)#'6!GIhUIyH6!/'#'!<br />
#A$)+$!($!#',$!+$!@*+*%)&)!$D)%&'!).!&'9$+!%)!.-!%&$,:$!'-&*5'&!,'./-,)!/).!&'9$+!#-!#A$)!%&,').$!(,$/$@).)&$=!<br />
K'#'!@*+*%)&)!#A$)+$!K7%=!).!5*/!.*,5'+!'&-.#)!&*&-+!7'!@-.&)*.'!($,@$#&B!<br />
!<br />
CREATE TABLE person (<br />
id SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,<br />
name CHAR(60) NOT NULL,<br />
PRIMARY KEY (id)<br />
);<br />
CREATE TABLE shirt (<br />
id SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,<br />
style ENUM('t-shirt', 'polo', 'dress') NOT NULL,<br />
color ENUM('red', 'blue', 'orange', 'white', 'black') NOT NULL,<br />
owner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL REFERENCES person(id),<br />
PRIMARY KEY (id)<br />
);<br />
INSERT INTO person VALUES (NULL, 'Antonio Paz');<br />
INSERT INTO shirt VALUES<br />
(NULL, 'polo', 'blue', LAST_INSERT_ID()),<br />
(NULL, 'dress', 'white', LAST_INSERT_ID()),<br />
(NULL, 't-shirt', 'blue', LAST_INSERT_ID());<br />
INSERT INTO person VALUES (NULL, 'Lilliana Angelovska');<br />
INSERT INTO shirt VALUES<br />
(NULL, 'dress', 'orange', LAST_INSERT_ID()),<br />
(NULL, 'polo', 'red', LAST_INSERT_ID()),<br />
(NULL, 'dress', 'blue', LAST_INSERT_ID()),<br />
(NULL, 't-shirt', 'white', LAST_INSERT_ID());<br />
SELECT * FROM person;<br />
+----+---------------------+<br />
| id | name |<br />
+----+---------------------+<br />
| 1 | Antonio Paz |<br />
| 2 | Lilliana Angelovska |<br />
+----+---------------------+
! Nj<br />
SELECT * FROM shirt;<br />
+----+---------+--------+-------+<br />
| id | style | color | owner |<br />
+----+---------+--------+-------+<br />
| 1 | polo | blue | 1 |<br />
| 2 | dress | white | 1 |<br />
| 3 | t-shirt | blue | 1 |<br />
| 4 | dress | orange | 2 |<br />
| 5 | polo | red | 2 |<br />
| 6 | dress | blue | 2 |<br />
| 7 | t-shirt | white | 2 |<br />
+----+---------+--------+-------+<br />
SELECT s.* FROM person p, shirt s<br />
WHERE p.name LIKE 'Lilliana%'<br />
AND s.owner = p.id<br />
AND s.color 'white';<br />
+----+-------+--------+-------+<br />
| id | style | color | owner |<br />
+----+-------+--------+-------+<br />
| 4 | dress | orange | 2 |<br />
| 5 | polo | red | 2 |<br />
| 6 | dress | blue | 2 |<br />
+----+-------+--------+-------+<br />
!<br />
N=Z=f!I'-&',$'!/-('!/*-'!#A$)!<br />
!<br />
01234! .-! $%&$! ).#'! *(&)5)8'&! ($.&,-! #'-&',$'! /-('! /*-'! #A$)! #*59).'&$! ).! @-.#&)$! /$! PV!<br />
>#'-&',$'!/-('!*!%).:-,'!#A$)$!#-!/)@$,)&$!(',&)!PV!$%&$!).!%#A)59!@-.&)*.'+'?B!<br />
!<br />
SELECT field1_index, field2_index FROM test_table WHERE field1_index =<br />
'1' OR field2_index = '1'<br />
!<br />
UD(+)#'&)'!',!@)!'#$$'!#'!.-!'5!'7-&!).#'!&)5(!).#'!&)5(!%'!(-.$5!+'!(-.#&!*!#'+$!!<br />
(+'-8)9)+'!($.&,-!'!,$'+)8'!'#$%&!+-#,-!>7',)'.&'!"bK!).!%#A)59!'!@*%&!@).'+)8'&'!%)!@-.&)*.$'8'!$D#$+$.&?=!<br />
! E$.&,-!5*5$.&!(-&$&)!,$8*+7'!(,*9+$5$+$!/$!'#$%&!&)(!@*+*%)./!-.!&'9$+!LU0EPV"Vt=!"#$%&!:$.!<br />
/$!*(&)5)8',$!$%&$!(,$@$,'9)+'!%)!).!#'8-+!).!#',$!'&)!@*+*%)&!#*5$.8)!#*5(+)#'&$!-./$!%$,7$,-+!234!'!,$-%)&!<br />
*(&)5)8',)+$!/',!.-!).!*,/).$'!+*,!).)&)'+'=!<br />
!
! No<br />
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE tmp<br />
SELECT field1_index, field2_index FROM test_table WHERE field1_index =<br />
'1';<br />
INSERT INTO tmp<br />
SELECT field1_index, field2_index FROM test_table WHERE field2_index =<br />
'1';<br />
SELECT * f<strong>ro</strong>m tmp;<br />
DROP TABLE tmp;<br />
!<br />
! S,5'&*,-+! 5)M+*#! (,).! #',$! (-&$&)! ,$8*+7'! (,*9+$5$! %)5)+',$! $%&$! /$! @'(&! *! ,$-.)-.$! '! /*-'!<br />
#*5$.8)=!<br />
!<br />
3.5.8 Nume<strong>ro</strong>tarea accesarilor zilnice<br />
! !<br />
! T.! #$+$! #$! -,5$'8'! %$! #,$)*.$'8'! /$%(,$! #-5! (-&$&)! @*+*%)! :,-(-+! (,).#)('+! /$! @-.#&))! ($.&,-! '!<br />
#'+#-+'!@,$#7$.&'!8)+$+*,!/).!+-.'!).!#',$!-.!-&)+)8'&*,!'##$%$'8'!*!(':).'!i$9B!<br />
!<br />
!<br />
CREATE TABLE t1 (year YEAR(4), month INT(2) UNSIGNED ZEROFILL,<br />
day INT(2) UNSIGNED ZEROFILL);<br />
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(2000,1,1),(2000,1,20),(2000,1,30),(2000,2,2),<br />
(2000,2,23),(2000,2,23);.Chapter 3: Tutorial Int<strong>ro</strong>duction 185<br />
SELECT year,month,BIT_COUNT(BIT_OR(1
! Yp<br />
CREATE TABLE animals (<br />
id MEDIUMINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,<br />
name CHAR(30) NOT NULL,<br />
PRIMARY KEY (id)<br />
);<br />
INSERT INTO animals (name) VALUES ("dog"),("cat"),("penguin"),<br />
("lax"),("whale");<br />
SELECT * FROM animals;<br />
!<br />
I$!).&*',#$B!<br />
!<br />
+----+---------+<br />
| id | name |<br />
+----+---------+<br />
| 1 | dog |<br />
| 2 | cat |<br />
| 3 | penguin |<br />
| 4 | lax |<br />
| 5 | whale |<br />
+----+---------+<br />
!<br />
E-&$&)!,$#-($,'!#A$)'!"SLPkTbIVU0UbL!($!#',$!'&)!@*+*%)&C*!(,).!@-.#&)'!4"2LkTb2UVLkTK>?!<br />
234!%'-!(,).!@-.#&)'!51%;+k).%$,&k)/>?!"ET=!b*&'B!($.&,-!).%$,',$'!5-+&)(+'!>5')!5-+&!/$!/*-'!+).))!@-.#&)'!<br />
4"2LkTb2UVLkTK>?s51%;+k).%$,&k)/>?! 7'! ,$#-($,'! #A$)'! '-&*).#,$5$.&! /).! (,)5'! +).)$! ).%$,'&'=! "#$%&!<br />
+-#,-!7'!($,5)&$!).%$,',)+*,!5-+&)(+$!%'!@)$!,$(,*/-%$!%)!($!'+&$!%$,7$,$=!<br />
E$.&,-!01T2"0!%)!Kg!(-&$&)!%($#)@)#'!"SLPkTbIVU0UbL!($!#*+*'.'!%$#-./','!(,).&,C*!#A$)$!<br />
($!5')!5-+&$!#A$)=!!<br />
T.! '#$%&! #'8! 7'+*',$'! :$.$,'&'! ($.&,-! '-&*! ).#,$5$.&',$'! #*+*'.$)! $%&$! #'+#-+'&'! #'!<br />
0"l>'-&*k).#,$5$.&k#*+-5.?€O?!ihUVU!(,$@)Du:)7$.C(,$@)D=!"#$%&!#'+#-+!7',!(-&$'!@)!/$!@*+*%!).!#'8!<br />
.#'!/*,)&)!).&,*/-#$,$'!-.*,!/'&$!).!:,-(-,)!(,$%&'9)+)&$B!<br />
!<br />
CREATE TABLE animals (<br />
grp ENUM('fish','mammal','bird') NOT NULL,<br />
id MEDIUMINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,<br />
name CHAR(30) NOT NULL,<br />
PRIMARY KEY (grp,id)<br />
);<br />
INSERT INTO animals (grp,name) VALUES("mammal","dog"),("mammal","cat"),
! YO<br />
("bird","penguin"),("fish","lax"),("mammal","whale");<br />
SELECT * FROM animals ORDER BY grp,id;<br />
+--------+----+---------+<br />
| grp | id | name |<br />
+--------+----+---------+<br />
| fish | 1 | lax |<br />
| mammal | 1 | dog |<br />
| mammal | 2 | cat |<br />
| mammal | 3 | whale |<br />
| bird | 1 | penguin |<br />
+--------+----+---------+<br />
!<br />
! P9%$,7'&)!#'!).!'#$%&!#'8!7'+*',$'!"SLPkTbIVU0UbL!7'!@)!,$'#&)7'&'!/'#'!,$.-.&'&)!+'!+).)'!#-!<br />
7'+*',$'!5'D)5'!"SLPkTbIVU0UbL!/).!:,-(=!<br />
!<br />
3.6 Folosirea <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>MySQL</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> in Batch mode (grupat)<br />
!<br />
T.!%$#&)-.)+$!'.&$,)*',$!'&)!@*+*%)&!(,*:,'5-+! 01234! ).&$,'#&)7!($.&,-!'!).&,*/-#$! #*5$.8)!%)!'!<br />
7)8-'+)8'!,$8-+&'&$+$=!!<br />
E-&$&)!/$'%$5$.$'!,-+'!01234!).!9'&#A!5*/$=!E$.&,-!'!@'#$!'%&'!&,$9-)$!%'!!<br />
).&,*/-#$&)!#*5$.8)+$!($!#',$!+$!/*,)&)!).&,C-.!@)%)$,6!%)!#*5'./'&)!(,*:,'5-+-)!%'!+$!#)&$'%#'=!<br />
!<br />
shell> mysql < batch-file<br />
!<br />
! K'#'! ,-+'&)! 01234C-+! @*+*%)./! @$,$%&,$+$! %)! '7$&)! #'&$7'! #','#&$,$! %($#)'+$! ).! @)%)$,6! #',$! 7'!<br />
#'-8$'8'!(,*9+$5$!(-&$&)!&'%&'B!<br />
!<br />
dos> mysql -e "source batch-file"<br />
!<br />
! K'#'!&,$9-)$!%'!%($@)#'&)!(','5$&,)!/$!#*.$#&',$!+'!+).)'!/$!#*5'./'6!'#$'%&'!/).!-,5'!',!&,$9-)!%'!<br />
','&$!#'5!'%'B!<br />
!<br />
shell> mysql -h host -u user -p < batch-file<br />
Enter password: ********<br />
!<br />
! I'./!@*+*%)&)!01234C-+!%-9!'#$'%&'!@*,5'!#,$'&)!-.!@)%)$,!/*#-5$.&!%)!@).'+)8'&)!-+&$,)*,!&$D&-+6!<br />
/'#'!7,$&)!#'!'#$%&'!%'!#*.&).-$!#A)',!/'#'!$D)%&'!$,*,)!&,$9-)$!%'!@*+*%)&)!*(&)-.$'!+).)$!/$!#*5'./'!CC@*,#$!
! YR<br />
! K$!#$!%'!@*+*%)&)!-.!@)%)$,!&$D&c!T'&'!#'&$7'!5*&)7$=!!<br />
" K'#'!,-+'&)!*!#*5'./'!).!5*/!,$($&'&!>8)+.)#6!%'(&'5'.'+?!#*.%&,-)&)!-.!@)%)$,!/*#-5$.&!%)!7$&)!<br />
@)!%#-&)&)!/$!,$&'%&',$'!#*5$.8))!/$!@)$#',$!/'&'=!<br />
" E-&$&)!#,$'!.*)!#*5$.8)!%)5)+',$!(*,.)./!/$!+'!#$+$!/$M'!$D)%&$.&$!#*())./!%)!$/)&'./! @)%)$,$!<br />
&$D&=!<br />
" 0*/-+! 9'&#A! (*%&$! %$,7)! /$'%$5$.$'! 5*5$.&-+! /$,-+',))! -.$)! #*5$.8)6! ).! %($#)'+! '! #$+*,!<br />
5-+&)(+$! %'-! '! %$#7$.&$+*,! /$! #*5$.8)=! K'#'! @'#$&)! 7,$*! :,$%$'+'6! .-! 7'! &,$9-)! %'! ,$&'%&'&)!<br />
&*&-+=!K*',!(,$+-#,'&)!&$D&-+!%'!#*,$#&$8$!$,*',$'!%)!#*5'./'&)!'(*)!(,*:,'5-+-)!%'!*!$D$#-&$=!<br />
" K'#'! *! #*5'./'! #*./-#$! +'! 5')! 5-+&$! ,$8-+&'&$! +$! (-&$&)! ,-+'6! @*+*%)./! -.! (,*:,'5! /$!<br />
(':).',$=!<br />
!<br />
shell> mysql < batch-file | more<br />
!<br />
E-&$&)!#*.%$5.'!,$8-+&'&-+!).&,C-.!@)%)$,!($.&,-!'!(-&$'!@)!(,*#$%'&!-+&$,)*,B!<br />
!<br />
shell> mysql < batch-file > mysql.out<br />
!<br />
! E-&$&)!/)%&,)9-)!/*#-5$.&$+$!%)!'+&*,!($,%*'.$=!<br />
" S.$+$! %)&-'&))! .-! ($,5)&! 5*/-+! ).&$,'#&)7=! K$! $D$5(+-! #'./! ,-+'&)! *! #*5./'! /).&,C-.!c<strong>ro</strong>n<br />
job=!<br />
V$8-+&'&-+!$%&$!/)@$,)&!#'./!,-+'&)!01234!).!9'&#A!5*/$!/$#'&!).!#$+!).&$,'#&)76!/$!$D$5(+-6!,$8-+&'&-+!/).!<br />
2U4UIL!KT2LTbIL!%($#)$%!eVP0!($&!','&'!'%&@$+!).!5$/)-+!).&$,'#&)7B!<br />
!<br />
+---------+<br />
| species |<br />
+---------+<br />
| bird |<br />
| cat |<br />
| dog |<br />
| hamster |<br />
| snake |<br />
+---------+<br />
!
! YN<br />
K',6!'%&@$+!#'./!,-+'&)!).!9'&#A!5*/$B!<br />
!<br />
species<br />
bird<br />
cat<br />
dog<br />
hamster<br />
snake<br />
!<br />
! K'#'!7,$&)!%'!&,$#$&)!+'!5*/-+!).&$,'#&)7!).!#'/,-+!9'&#A!5*/$!@*+*%)&)!mysql –t.<br />
E$.&,-!#'6!#*5$.8)+$!($!#',$!+$!$D$#-&'&)!%'!&,)5)&'!-.!$#*-!@*+*%)&)!mysql –vvv.!<br />
! E-&$&)!/$!'%$5$.$'!@*+*%)!@)%)$,-+!&$D&!($.&,-!+).)'!/$!#*5'./'!(*,.)./!/$!+'!#*5./'!).)&)'+'B!<br />
!<br />
mysql> source filename;<br />
!<br />
3.7 Comenzi din p<strong>ro</strong>iecte gemene<br />
!<br />
! 4'!".'+1&)r$,.'!%)!4$.&-%6!'5!'#&)7'&!%)%&$5$+$!%)!#'5(-,)+$!($.&,-!-.!(,*)$#&!'5(+-!/$!#$,#$&',$=!!<br />
"#$%&!(,*)$#&! $%&$! /$!@'(&! *! #*+'9*,',$!).&,$! T.%&)&-&$!*@! U.7),*.5$.&'+! 0$/)#).$! '&!y',*+).%r'!<br />
T.%&)&-&$&!2&*#rA*+5!%)!!2$#&)*.!*.!I+).)#'+!V$%$',#A!).!":).:!<br />
'./!E%1#A*+*:1!'&!&A$!S.)7$,%)&1!/).!2*-&A$,.!I'+)@*,.)'=!<br />
! E,*)$#&$+$!)5(+)#'!-.!(,*#$%!/$!5*.)&*,)8',$!).!#'/,-+!#',-)'!:$5$.))!/).!2-$/)'!%-.&!).&$,7)$7'&)!<br />
&$+$@*.)#=!I$)!#',$!)./$(+).$,%#!'.-5)&$!#,)&$,))!&,$#!).&,C*!@'8'!%-($,)*','!'!(,*:,'5-+-)=!")#)!#$)!#',$!7*,!<br />
%'! (',&)#)($! %-.&! (-%)! %-9! *9%$,7'&)'! -.$)! $#A)($! /$! 5$/)#)=! I*.%-+&'&))+$! ).#+-/$! $D'5$.$! .$-,*C<br />
@)8)*+*:)#$6!&$%&$!/$!+'9*,'&*,6!$.#$@'+*:,'5$6!$7)/$.&$!(%)A*+):)#$6!#-+$:'./-C%$!&*&*/'&'!/$%(,$!)%&*,)#-+!<br />
@'5)+)$)=!<br />
! 0')! 5-+&$! ).@*,5'&))! /$%(,$! %&-/))+$! '%-(,$'! :$5$.)+*,! +$! (-&$&)! :'%)! +'B!<br />
A&&(Bssnnn=)55=r)=%$sLiTbsLiTbSyi=hL0!<br />
! S+&)5'!(',&$!'!(,*)$#&-+-)!$%&$!*,:'.)8'&'!#-!'M-&*,-+!-.$)!).&$,@$&$!n$9!%#,)%'!).!E$,+!%)!01%;+=!<br />
! T.!@)$#',$!.*'(&$!!&*'&$!/'&$+$!%-.&!%&*#'&$!).&,C*!9'8'!/$!/'&$!51%;+=!<br />
!<br />
3.7.1 Localizarea gemenilor nedistribuiti<br />
!<br />
S,5'&*',$'!#*5'./'!$%&$!@*+*%)&'!%(,$!'CT!%$+$#&'!($!#$)!#$!-,5$'8'!'!).&,'!).!@'8'!%-($,)*','!'!<br />
(,*)$#&-+-)B!<br />
!<br />
SELECT<br />
CONCAT(p1.id, p1.tvab) + 0 AS tvid,
! YY<br />
CONCAT(p1.christian_name, " ", p1.surname) AS Name,<br />
p1.postal_code AS Code,<br />
p1.city AS City,<br />
pg.abrev AS Area,<br />
IF(td.participation = "Aborted", "A", " ") AS A,<br />
p1.dead AS dead1,<br />
l.event AS event1,<br />
td.suspect AS tsuspect1,<br />
id.suspect AS isuspect1,<br />
td.severe AS tsevere1,<br />
id.severe AS isevere1,<br />
p2.dead AS dead2,<br />
l2.event AS event2,<br />
h2.nurse AS nurse2,<br />
h2.doctor AS doctor2,<br />
td2.suspect AS tsuspect2,<br />
id2.suspect AS isuspect2,<br />
td2.severe AS tsevere2,<br />
id2.severe AS isevere2,<br />
l.finish_date<br />
FROM<br />
twin_p<strong>ro</strong>ject AS tp<br />
/* For Twin 1 */<br />
LEFT JOIN twin_data AS td ON tp.id = td.id<br />
AND tp.tvab = td.tvab<br />
LEFT JOIN <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>info</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>rmant_data AS id ON tp.id = id.id<br />
AND tp.tvab = id.tvab<br />
LEFT JOIN harmony AS h ON tp.id = h.id<br />
AND tp.tvab = h.tvab<br />
LEFT JOIN lentus AS l ON tp.id = l.id<br />
AND tp.tvab = l.tvab<br />
/* For Twin 2 */<br />
LEFT JOIN twin_data AS td2 ON p2.id = td2.id<br />
AND p2.tvab = td2.tvab<br />
LEFT JOIN <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>info</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>rmant_data AS id2 ON p2.id = id2.id<br />
AND p2.tvab = id2.tvab<br />
LEFT JOIN harmony AS h2 ON p2.id = h2.id<br />
AND p2.tvab = h2.tvab
! YZ<br />
LEFT JOIN lentus AS l2 ON p2.id = l2.id<br />
AND p2.tvab = l2.tvab,<br />
person_data AS p1,<br />
person_data AS p2,<br />
postal_g<strong>ro</strong>ups AS pg<br />
WHERE<br />
/* p1 gets main twin and p2 gets his/her twin. */<br />
/* ptvab is a field inverted f<strong>ro</strong>m tvab */<br />
p1.id = tp.id AND p1.tvab = tp.tvab AND<br />
p2.id = p1.id AND p2.ptvab = p1.tvab AND<br />
/* Just the sceening survey */<br />
tp.survey_no = 5 AND<br />
/* Skip if partner died before 65 but allow emigration (dead=9) */<br />
(p2.dead = 0 OR p2.dead = 9 OR<br />
(p2.dead = 1 AND<br />
(p2.death_date = 0 OR<br />
(((TO_DAYS(p2.death_date) - TO_DAYS(p2.birthday)) / 365)<br />
>= 65))))<br />
AND<br />
(<br />
/* Twin is suspect */<br />
(td.future_contact = 'Yes' AND td.suspect = 2) OR<br />
/* Twin is suspect - Informant is Blessed */<br />
(td.future_contact = 'Yes' AND td.suspect = 1<br />
AND id.suspect = 1) OR<br />
/* No twin - Informant is Blessed */<br />
(ISNULL(td.suspect) AND id.suspect = 1<br />
AND id.future_contact = 'Yes') OR<br />
/* Twin b<strong>ro</strong>ken off - Informant is Blessed */<br />
(td.participation = 'Aborted'<br />
AND id.suspect = 1 AND id.future_contact = 'Yes') OR<br />
/* Twin b<strong>ro</strong>ken off - No <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>info</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>rm - Have partner */<br />
(td.participation = 'Aborted' AND ISNULL(id.suspect)<br />
AND p2.dead = 0))<br />
AND<br />
l.event = 'Finished'<br />
/* Get at area code */<br />
AND SUBSTRING(p1.postal_code, 1, 2) = pg.code
! Y^<br />
/* Not already distributed */<br />
AND (h.nurse IS NULL OR h.nurse=00 OR h.doctor=00)<br />
/* Has not refused or been aborted */<br />
AND NOT (h.status = 'Refused' OR h.status = 'Aborted'<br />
OR h.status = 'Died' OR h.status = 'Other')<br />
ORDER BY<br />
tvid;<br />
! !<br />
! I'&$7'!$D(+)#'&))B!<br />
!<br />
CONCAT(p1.id, p1.tvab) + 0 AS tvid<br />
!<br />
! K*,)5!%*,&',$'!#A$)+*,!)/!%)!&7'9!).!*,/).$!.-5$,)#'=!"/-:'./!p!,$8-+&'&-+-)!/$&$,5).'!01%;+C-+!<br />
%'!,$#-.*'%#'!,$8-+&'&-+!/,$(&!.-5',=!<br />
!<br />
#*+*'.'!)/!! "#$'%&'!)/$.&)@)#'!*!($,$#A$!/$!:$5$.)=!"#$'%&'!$%&$!*!#A$)$!).!&*'&$!&'9$+$+$=!<br />
#*+*'.'!&7'9! "#$'%&'!$%&$!-.!:$'5'.!).&,C*!($,$#A$=!",$!*!7'+*',$!/$!O!%'-!R=!<br />
!<br />
#*+-5.!(&7'9! "#$'%&'!$%&$!).7$,%'!+-)!&7'9=!"&-.#)!#'./!&7'9!$%&$!O!'#$'%&'!$%&$R6!%)!!<br />
7)#$7$,%'=!UD)%&'!($.&,-!'!$#*.*5)%)!&)5(-+!/$!,$/'#&',$!%)!($.&,-!'!#*.@$,)!01%;+C-+-)!<br />
(*%)9)+)&'&$'!/$!'!*(&)5)8'!'#$'%&'!#*5'./'=!<br />
!<br />
! "#$'%&!#*5'./'!/$5*.%&,$'8'6!(,).&,$!'+&$+$6!#-5!%'!#'-&'&)!-.!&'9$+!/).!'#$+'%)!&'9$+!@*+*%)./!*!<br />
#*59).',$! >(O! %'-! (R?=! T.! $D$5(+-6! '#$'%&'! $%&! @*+*%)&'! ($.&,-! '! 7$,)@)#'! '&-.#)! #'./! (',&$.$,-+! -.-)!<br />
:$'5'.!.'!5-,)&!).').&$'!7',%&$)!/$!^Z=!K'#'!$%&$!'%'6!'&-.#)!,'./-+!.-!$%&$!)./)#'&!).!,$8-+&'&=!<br />
! L*&!#$!$%&$!5')!$D)%&'!&*'&$!&'9$+$!#-!*!).@*,5'&)$!/$!&)(!:$5$.)=!"7$5!*!#A$)$!($.&,-!)/6!&7'9!<br />
>&*'&$!&'9$+-,)+$?!#'&!%)!)/6!(&7'9!>($,%*.k/'&'?!($.&,$!'!@'#$!#*5$.8)+$!5')!,'()/$=!<br />
! E$!#'+#-+'&*,-+! .*%&,-!>Sb!S+&,'2E"VI!Rpp0A8?!'#$'%&'!#*5'./'!).&*',#$!OZpCRpp!,'./-,)!%)!<br />
/-,$'8'!5')!(-&).!/$!*!%$#-./'=!<br />
! b-5',-+!#-,$.&!/$!).,$:)%&,',)!/).!&'9$+$+$!@*+*%)&$!5')!%-%B!<br />
Table Rows<br />
person_data 71074<br />
lentus 5291<br />
twin_p<strong>ro</strong>ject 5286<br />
twin_data 2012<br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>info</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>rmant_data 663<br />
harmony 381<br />
postal_g<strong>ro</strong>ups 100
! Yf<br />
!<br />
3.7.2 Vizualizarea unui tabel dupa “perechi de gemeni”<br />
!<br />
! e)$#',$!).&$,7)$7',$!%$!&$,5).'!#-!-.!#*/!`$7$.&a=!!<br />
! I*5'./'!','&'&'!')#)!$%&$!@*+*%)&'!($.&,-!'!'@)%'!-.!&'9$+!#-!(,)7),$!+'!($,$#A)+$!/$!:$5$.)!<br />
#*59).'&$!).!@-.&)$!/$!`$7$.&a=!<br />
! "#$'%&'!)./)#'!/).!#'&$!($,$#A)!'59))!:$5$.)!'-!@).'+)8'&!(,*:,'5-+!%)!).!#'&$!($,$#A)!-.!:$'5'.!'!<br />
&$,5).'&!)',!#$+'+'+&!'!@*%&!,$@-8'&6!%='=5=/=!<br />
!<br />
SELECT<br />
t1.event,<br />
t2.event,<br />
COUNT(*)<br />
FROM<br />
lentus AS t1,<br />
lentus AS t2,<br />
twin_p<strong>ro</strong>ject AS tp<br />
WHERE<br />
/* We are looking at one pair at a time */<br />
t1.id = tp.id<br />
AND t1.tvab=tp.tvab<br />
AND t1.id = t2.id<br />
/* Just the sceening survey */<br />
AND tp.survey_no = 5<br />
/* This makes each pair only appear once */<br />
AND t1.tvab='1' AND t2.tvab='2'<br />
GROUP BY<br />
t1.event, t2.event;<br />
!<br />
3.8 Utilizarea <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>MySQL</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> cu Apache<br />
!<br />
! UD)%&'! (,*:,'5$! #$! 7'! ($,5)&! %'! '-&$.&)@)#'&)! -&)+)8'&*,))! /).&,C*! 9'8'! /$! /'&$! 51%;+! %)! %'! 7'!<br />
($,5)&'!+*:',$'!@)%)$,$+*,!K7%=!).&,C-.!&'9$+!51%;+=!<br />
! E-&$&)! 5*/)@)#'! @*,5'&-+! /$! +*:',$! "('#A$! ($.&,-! '! @)! #)&)&! #-! -%-,).&'! /$! 51%;+! 5*/)@)#'./!<br />
-,5'&*',$'!+).)$!).!@)%)$,-+!/$!#*.@):-,'&)$!"('#A$B!<br />
LogFormat \<br />
"\"%h\",%{%Y%m%d%H%M%S}t,%>s,\"%b\",\"%{Content-Type}o\", \<br />
\"%U\",\"%{Referer}i\",\"%{User-Agent}i\""
! Yj<br />
!<br />
T.!01234!(-&$&)!@'#$!'#$+'%)!+-#,-!/-('!#-5!-,5$'8'B!<br />
!<br />
LOAD DATA INFILE '/local/access_log' INTO TABLE table_name<br />
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"' ESCAPED BY '\\'