Speculum - University of Melbourne

No. 108. [RE-IssuEd JUNE, 1921,
Si Speculum Placet, Inspire.
The Speculum
Published by the
MELBOURNE MEDICAL STUDENTS' SOCIETY.
for Circulation among. its Members.
CONTENTS.
Editorial ...
Notes and Comments
Page.
1
The Annual Meeting
Annual Report ...
-
...
5
9
11
Uncensored Celebrities
The Illusion of Security
Medical Music ...
... 12
15
Some Practical Hints on Anaesthetics
TheLitan y Revised
Is
The Ready Reference ...
Hare and Hounds Run ...
France's Discovery of the Value of Gaines in
24
25
the National Life ... ... 26
Treatment of Disease by Supernatural Means
Wilson Hall
The Late Sir William Osler
27
32
33
Stickina Nositis . 37
On Dit 41
The Literary Page ... 42
Verse and Worse 43
Reviews ... 45
The Valley of Shadows 47
Around the Hospitals 48
Correspondence ... 53
Commentaries ... 55
Post-Graduation Study .. 57
Medical Education for Women
Old Boys ... .
58
60
Hurry On! Please ... 64
Spic ula 63
Sports Notes 69
Boxing and Medical Students 75
Commencement Celebrations 76
Duds and Derelicts 79
Year Notes ... 80
Editorial Notice ... 86
Our Advertisers .. 87

MELBOURNE
SPORTS DEPOT
The Leading Firm in Australia
for all Sporting Goods.
CRICKET, FOOTBALL, GOLF, LACROSSE, HOCKEY,
BOWLS, ARCHERY, POLO, GUNS, AMMUNITION,
FISHING TACKLE, FENCING FOILS, CROQUET,
BADMINTON, GYMNASTIC GOODS, &c., &c.
TENNIS!
The M.S.D. EXTRA SPECIAL - Price 30/-
The Best Value in the World.
We Carry the Largest Stock of Tennis Material
in the Commonwealth.
AYRES' RACKETS AND BALLS.
SLAZENCER'S „ 9 9
M.S.D. RACKETS.
Tennis Markers, Nets, Poles, Scorers, &c.
Our TENNIS RACKETS are selected by Experts in
England, and we offer you the Largest Collection in Aus-
tralasia to choose from. Fresh Goods by every Mail.
Our Prices are Reasonable. Our Goods are the Best.
Call and Inspect or Write for Catalogue.
Melbourne Sports Depot.
55-57 ELIZABETH ST., MELBOURNE

01-gggn igig gig
Ye Pillars of the Medical
School try the
National Gallery Tea Rooms ...
(Opp. the Melbourne Hospital)
For the Best 1 /3 Luncheon in the City.
Students from PM's specially catered for.
Boneless Fish a Speciality
I Psychic Secretion
Guaranteed
Students Please Note!
APPARATUS and CHEMICALS supplied by us
are always the best procurable. You take no chances in
buying from a reliable house, where anything not suitable may
be exchanged, or purchaser can have money refunded.
Microscopes
and Accessories.
We are large importers of these goods. and Students may
depend upon getting the LATEST MODELS in Stands from
us. All Instruments sold subject t6 approval of Professors.
Always get our quotations before ordering.
Felton Grimwade ,- Co. PLtYd.
Morning and
Afternoon Tea
Students' Dept. 346 Flinders Lane, Melbourne. Telephone
2nd Floor 9250 Centra

NEW
SPENCER . .
MICROSCOPES
Large Stocks of
Scientific Apparatus.
Laboratory Classware
Balances and
Weights
British Porcelain
Filter Papers
Microscope Slides
Cover Slips
&c., &c.
Students' Sets a
Speciality.
Every Microscope Guaranteed and Sold subject to the
Professor's Approval.
SELBY & CO.
443 Bourke St., 8 O'Connell St.,
Tel. 1377. MELBOURNE. Tel. 290 City. SYDNEY.

et ,0 , ,
S 7 (r
Headquarters for
Medical Supplies
Other than having extensive
stocks of all needed articles
for the sick, nursing and invalid,
we emphasise. that to
Students
We Specialise in Supplying
Students' Half Skeletons in cases. Skeletons—
Finest Selected Articulated. Disarticulated
Skulls in 1, 2, 3 and 5 sections. Pelvis Bones
with ,iaments. Hands, Feet, Arm Bones, &c.
"Special" Students' Dissecting Cases
s an idea of our values we mention :—
Dissecting Cases, with all metal aseptic
handle instruments, containing 3 scalpels, 2
scissors (disjointing), 2 forceps, 3 needles, (on
handles), 1 set of chain hooks in oak case ;
„Venyer's Special Price, 21 /-
Discount of iS'llrgical Instruments allowed to Students.
DENYERS
Surgical Instruments, Trussmakers, and Importers of
Antiseptic Dressings and Hospital Suppliers
New Melbourne
Address 264-266 SWAN STON ST. to= f ro ■
,a7

41'
?J- iffiniiimiliiiiiiimmiluinuiliiin11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111.
=
I 11 1111111 11 111111 111111111111111 111 1111111I
,,„
`TABLOID'
TRADE`EMPIRIN%A..
Made from acetylsalicylic acid absolutely
free from salicylic or acetic
acid, and otherwise of the highest
possible purity.
Has the correct melting-point of the
pure acid ; contains the full stated
weight of the pure medicament.
'TABLOID'
CJ .tEmpirin.%
Of
Reduced facsimile
Guaranteed by
Burroughs Wellcome
& Co. to be of extreme
purity, accuracy and
reliability.
Always ask for Empirin '
BURROUGHS WELLCOME & CO.
LONDON
AND 451, KENT STREET, SYDNEY, N.S.W.
2918 All Rights Reserved
BRAND - =
„,,,„,„„ll„,„„,„,„„„,„„,„,„„„,„„,„„„„,„,„,„,„,„,„„„„„„,,,„
1111111 11111111 11111M1111111111111111 1111111111
E-7

The Speculum
THE 7OURNAL OF THE MELBOURNE MEDICAL STUDENTS'
SOCIETY.
No. 108. MAY, 1921.
Let us take comfort," said the late 'Sir William Ramsay,
in an address at University College, London, "in the thought
that the day of examinations, for the sake of examinations, is
_approaching an end." Such a sweeping avowal of optimism
on the part of a University 'professor will surely sound ex-
.aggerated to Melbourne Medical Students who have within the
'last few years been forced to take, along with countless other
established examinations, one 'in botany in their first year,
have - heard rumours of an examination in second year, or who
have -recently received the news of a practical examination in
'Pathology and Children's Diseases. In fact, to the present
:day student, far from 'there being an end to examinations, it
would seem that the examination mania has arisen with re-
newed vigour, become a tyrannical demiurge, puffed up by
professorial profundities and held in awe by the whole student
body.
From the tuberosity of our editorial isolation we look down
--upon the course we have travelled—backwards across the vista
Of years, with its Junkie of purin bodies and primitive streaks,
'and forwards to a professorship or a private practice and a
perambulator. And all along the line are the half-obliterated
mile-stones of past examinations or the gigantic grotesques of
:those that loom ahead. Though the abuses of the examinational
method have eaten into the vitals of our educational

%N"
V.
2 THE SPECULUM. ray, 1921..
system like a canker, making student life one huge proces s o f
"swot" and "pot-hunting" synonymous with Pathology or
Philosophy, there seems to be nothing to take its place. Many,.
indeed, have given thought to the subject, and a few have
made tentative efforts at reform, but at present there is no
remedy to hand--only the idealistic talk of some far-sighted
men who see the evils of such a fetish. With the enormous
advancement of knowledge in every department of medical
science (and other sciences also) consequent upon our emergence
from the dusty trappings of that back-parlour world of
hopeless muddle and theological tension called early Victorian,
every branch of every subject has swollen into enormous dimensions,
in which, goaded by everlasting examinations, the
student must become proficient. Life to-day is lived at greater
tension. It is more crowded and hurried, more vital and
enervating. The vastness of the earth has vanished. Oceans
have become rivers, and kingdoms the environs of a single
city. Specialisation is impossibl e to the majority. The pur-
Suit of perfection remains only for the few. The printer, the
druggist and the blacksmith were specialists in the old days,
when leisure allowed them within limits, to carry proficiency to
perfection. Now only the leisured class, academicians, and
men of private means are permitted to specialise. The practitioner
must at least have touched the surface of all medical
sciences : the student must have passed his exams. But in so
doing he is harassed throughout the whole length of his course
by the burden of examination s made more difficult by each
specialist - examiner—zoologist, pathologist, ophthalmologist,
etc.—with whom he comes in contact, claiming his undivided
attentions, and forcing on him the importance of his special
subject through the medium of examinations. Like Rienzi,
he quickly becomes the slave of petty tyrants.
The days of our leisure have vanished. No longer may we
aspire, as did Michael Faraday and Humphry Davy to grasp
the whole range and knowled ge of Science. We commence
our alphabets in the cradle, vacillate between Scripture and -
swimming, cricket and chemistry in our youth, and crowd into
six fleeting years a knowledge of medicine, which has been
built up slowly through the centuries by the minds of so many
generations—content only, if we may keep the polish on our
brass plates, raise aThank balance concomitantly with a family,
and in such time as remains, follow the dictates of our desires.
Some, of course, will relinquish the stethoscope for the cap and
gown of a professor or lecturer—a few will enter the realms

May. 1921.
THE SPECULUM. 3
of research—and so drive the next generation to its calling
along the ruts of more examinations.
The huge complexes of race hatred and population pressure
which, seven years ago, culminated in a world-war, will again
commence to operate. Meanwhile, "Reconstruction"' is the
timorous "tally-ho" of our politicians. The fervour of activity
has come upon us. The gospel of progress is proclaimed.
But will anything be done to militate against the
baneful incubus. of perpetual examinations? A few
Men have realised the difference between a student
who reads in order to pass an examination and the
student who works that he may broaden the basis of
knowledge ; that examinations should play only a second part
in the work of a University whose chief function should be
to advance knowledge. All the talk in the world won't alter
the examination system. It may point out the way.
We desire to hand round congratulations to those members
of the M.S.S. who recently attained to the dignity of gloves
and a cane and "the rights and privileges of Bachelor of
Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery in the University of
Melbourne."
Already this year a few additions have been made to the
medical course in Division IV. and its subsequent examinations.
A special course in V:D. is announced, our sojourn
at the "Kids" is to be extended, and we are to have the
privilege ( ?) of a clinical examination in the diseases of
children.
Dr. Fred Middleton, having resigned from his appointment
as Stewart Lecturer in !Anatomy ; his mantle has fallen
on Dr. E. W. .Chenoweth. Dr. Chenoweth was Exhibitioner in
Anatomy in 1917, graduated with final honours in 1920,
ai

4 THE SPECULUM. May, 1921.
and, altering the length of his white coat, became an R.M.O.
at the Melbourne last year.
No longer will medical students commence their Gynaecology
with a Home in the flesh. We extend a welcome to Dr.
R. H. Morrison, who has succeeded Col. Horne as lecturer
in the all important subject of " 'Stets and Gyno." From
him we hope for a feeling treatment of the subject and
a perfect delivery. While on the subject of lecturers, we
may state that the office of President at the weekly consumption
and utilisation of the material collected in the
basement of the Physiology lecture theatre has been filled
by Dr. Ivan Maxwell, who will relieve Dr. Wilkinson of
instructions as to how to estimate glucose in the " copious
flow."
in the past, we believe, it was the custom to have at
least once a year, and generally once a term, a lecture
to the whole M.S.S. on sonic subject of general interest
to students. Some of the foremost honoraries and outside
medical men gave up their time on our behalf, and the
lecture was usually one of the most enjoyable and instructive
of the 'M.S.S. functions. Unfortunately, this scheme
seems to have fallen into abeyance, and we want to know
why ?
The students at the Melbourne Hospital have formed a
Clinical Society, which flourishes at monthly meetings. It
is rumoured that the Alfred students are going to follow
suit.
The three days Commencement Celebrations having been
inaugurated, the Meds. nobly strove to " keep their end up,"
and some did so for three days. Owing to the " shortness
of notice." "pressure of exams.," etc., no concerted effort
was made by the M.S.S. as a whole; this is to be regretted,
for in the old 'Commencement days it was obvious to those
in general who attended the festivities that the University
did possess a Medical School. A few enthusiasts undertook
to run the side shows, and did so with evident success ; the
remainder were invoked to " make a noise," and so justify
their existence.
The Speculunz congratulates the following members of
the M.S.S. on their recent appointment as junior R.M.O.'s
at the .1Ielbourne: Drs. T.ongden, Searbv, Kelly, Harbison,
Macintosh, Southby, .Middleton, Mackay, Shaw, Stanton,
Mary Lyle, Marion Wanliss, Violet Eddy, Beatrice Warner,
and Winifred 1Cameron ; at the Alfred: Drs. Tames, Foreman,
Stokes, Hallam, and Hembrow ; at St. Vincent's: Drs.
Shelton, Furnell, O'Sullivan, Parer.

May, 1921. THE SPECULUM. 87
Third Year
Every term 1 have gone to the representative and offered
to scribble something off. Fortunately, there is a new representative
at present, and '1 offered to him. He at once said
that although he had ample leisure himself he would prefer
that the Year should have the advantage of my superior mentality.
How jolly of Sir Harry to try and arrange for a longer
vacation after our third year exam. We would have. time then
to start off on next year's work before the term started.
We are busy all day now copying down C.N.S. notes off the
board. The person next me the other day said that the head
prosector was not a very good writer. I replied like a flash :
"If Heale doesn't write 'better, he'll not heal his patients."
The fellow, of course, couldn't see the subtlety (there is a very
rough element in medicine-now), but I told it to Redford afterwards,
and he laughed heartily.
At the football meeting the other day I proposed Mrs.
Whittle as a scrutineer. Some fellow laughed, but I gave him
a look that made him laugh the other side of his face. I was
walking down with her to the library afterwards (we often
stroll, meditating, there) and—but, however.
Mr. Murray Jones has left us to take up married life. He
found that, for one of his restless nature, the student's life was
too easy and luxurious. At least so I understand he told the
chauffeur who drove him in and out of town each day. Before
he left he pressed my hand and told me I was the one man who
could take his place as representative. But, of course, I shall
not take the position unless I am approached.
We welcomed Dr. Chenoweth to the dissecting room, and
hope to see him eating his lunch here soon.
What two nice new massage girls those are. I saw them
glancing in my direction the other day. I looked gay and
debonair, and they smiled and kept looking, so I fancy I've
made quite a hit there. Albie was sitting beside me at the
time. I mentioned that I thought I was doing well. He looked
at me quickly and walked off quite savagely. I really think
he thought they were looking at him.
[The Women Students, being dissatisfied with their share
in 3rd Year Notes, have decided to run some of their
own; and the following effusion fluttered into our hands
from our 'Fair 'Friends just as this issue was going to press.
—Editor, Speculum.]
8A

88 THE SPECULUM. May, 1 921
Not at all a bad thing, after all, being back here at
work. I never could remember proverbs or quotations, but
I've a sort of hazy and jumbled idea that one of the
proverb-mongers did say : "Work is good for the soul,"
or something to that effect. Work isn't everything, though—
we know that! Mr. Ross evidently thought we were taking
it too seriously when he wanted to include us in the football
team. As a matter of fact, we are none of us very
good players—one reason being we are so tender-hearted
that we simply couldn't bear to tear the ears, and stamp
on the faces, of the opposing players. We thank him, but
perhaps it would be best for the team to be composed
of men—or men and boys—as usual.
Do you know, we really are not specially " smit " on
the brilliant wide striped ties and bows with spots which
now prevail. Perhaps they are due to the high altitude
of brain power which we haven't reached.
Oh! talking of spots! Those varying from ginger to
black seem to be most favoured.
We wonder if they
are really meant, or are only the result of late rising.
Most of them are only shadows of coming events—one at
least will have to tinkle through a season or two yet
before it is announced.
Just .fsucy! If the Romans hadn't venied, vidied, vicied to
Gaul, the boys wouldn't wear trousers or drink beer—vide
Ossy. Isn't it wonderful! Wouldn't Bill St--rs have
looked duckie in kilties? I wonder how many yards it
would take!
By the way, did you hear, that for Commencement the
Med. School is going to do its bit by cleaning the tables
and coats? Really, we will hardly know ourselves. And
after August—'tis whispered only—the floor might also be
done.
Follow our advice: "Don't worry; work."
Second Year
A few weeks of Second Year having passed, we are justified
in reviewing our efforts. We have made a sorry mess of
various dissections, spoiled innumerable histology slides, and
failed to get results in many 'biochemical tests. All of this we
regard as a good omen, and are quite unjustifiably cheerful.
A visitor to the M.S.S. annual meeting would have heard
Sir Harry recounting the virtues of our little furnished wooden

May, 1921 THE SPECULUM. 89
villa. We hold a different opinion ; it is a second-hand sort
of shanty, with antiquated lighting arrangements (viz., a' few
odd rays of sunlight). Transported to St. Kilda it would
make a poor sort of jazz palais ; at Woomelang it would be a
poor protection for a thousand bags of wheat ; where it is it is
indescribable.
The Easter camp of the M.U.R. took about 1-3rd of the
class, and we were not altogether ungrateful for this, as we
were relieved of lectures for a week. But we have worked
doubly hard since then : You should see us at work at 9 a.m.
on Saturday morning. We are the only Second Year that
ever worked on Saturday, so rumour says. We long for a return
to frogs and rabbits.
Some of. our newly-learned mnemonics are hardly suitable
for a young class. What about Peter and Lizzie on the floor
of Scarpa's triangle? Almost as bad as the new way of
spelling pneumatic--"p" silent, as in "baby."
The methods of demonstrators are diverse. Prosectors are
occasionally present, and, in reply to questions, say either, "I
am not too sure about that," or "1 will have to 'look that up,"
at the same time tearing our dissection.:; to pieces. Others,
who are not prosectors, say : "Oh, is that what they call it
now ?" -Or "Where are your bones?" Amidst it all the student
struggles on, thinking of the May vac., and of his tongpast
happy schooldays.

' Alla.e=ila:2=-,.:
L3R.,', NCH L!
"THE SPECULUM."
The Journal of the Melbourne Medical Students.
It has a large circulation amongst medical men throughout
the Commonwealth.
Annual Subscript ion - - post free.
STAFF:
- . .
EDITORIAL NOTICE.
Editor—Reg. S. Ellery.
Sub-Editor—C. H. R. James.
Business Manager—H. W. Charlton.
Sports Notes from :—R. D. McK. Hall.
Year Notes from :—Buzz Carter.
Jack Blair.
C. Craig.
H. Maling.
All communications to be addressed to the Editor, Students'
Room, Melbourne Hospital.
Students are reminded that all books, material, etc., required
during the course may be procured from the advertisers, who
should be given preference to all other dealers in similar lines.
The Editor expects, and will be glad to receive, contributions from
ALL members of the M.S. S.
Line drawings and original articles in PROSE and VERSE
especially acceptable.
Contributions from 1st and 2nd Years will be received with
consternation and gratitude.
Subscribers would materially assist in the distribution of the
" Speculum " if they would inform the Business Manager of any
change in the address.
Old Boys are particularly asked to keep in touch with the
"Speculum." The Committee are earnestly desirous of making the
Journal as interesting as possible to Old Boys, who should give us
every assistan-
THIS VOLUME
IS NOT
AVAILABLE FOR LOAN

'.Mai. 10.21. E SPECULUM. 5
THE ANNUAL MEETING.
The annual meeting was held in the Melba Hall, at 8
p.m., on Friday, April 8th.
The President, Sir Harry Allen, was in the chair, and
with him on the platform were Mr. Fred Bird, Dr. J. H.
Anderson, the Hon. Treasurer, and the Hon. Secretary.
The attendance (approximately 115) was very poor—.
there are about 750 'Meds. this year—but was more or less
characteristic of the lack of enthusiasm and comradeship
which has greatly hampered the progress of the society
since the post-war resumption of activities.
This lack of spirit cannot be too strongly condemned, for
not only are the committee greatly hampered thereby in
their efforts directed towards the advancement of the society
in the professional as well as in the social world, but
also the ultimate result must be to the disadvantage of
each individual student.
Especially noted was the absence of women students. The
committee were particularly disappointed in this respect,
for the pre-war curriculum has gradually been altered in
many respects with the sole object of making the proceedings
more savoury for the ladies—apparently, however,
they too suffer from some form of chronic cussedness, thus
helping to impress on the committee the fact that their
efforts are not acceptable.
These notes are written in no carping spirit, but are
penned with the sole object of trying to impress upon
all the difficulties—which may easily be abolished—under
which the committee is labouring, and with the idea that
'this year all will co-operate to make our functions so
successful that we may proudly point to our society as
being the best in the University, and a not unworthy embryo
of the 'finest profession in the world.
The minutes of the previous annual general meeting were
taken as read, after which, on the motion of the Hon. Secretary,
seconded by the Hon. Treasurer, First Years were
formally admitted to the society.
The report and 'balance-sheet were then read and adopted.
The President, Sir Harry Allen, then addressed the meet-
ing. He commenced his address with a brief survey of
the benefits accruing from the co-operation of the general
body of students, as represented 'by the committee of the
:M.S.S., with the Faculty of Medicine. He declared that the

6 THE SPECULUM. May, 1921.
Faculty were always only too willing to give their most
serious consideration to any recommendations placed before
them by our committee. Such a condition of affairs is
highly satisfactory from our point of view. He congratulated
the society on the flourishing condition . of the "Speen-.
lum," and on the high standard of matter contained therein,
but urged everyone to support the journal in a practical
way. He viewed with pleasure the successful institution
of the M.H. Students' Clinical 'Society, and dwelt emphatically
on the great advantages to be gained by such discussions
as the society called for.
Referring to the curriculum, he stated that the congestion ,
of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Years was continuing, but he was
pleased to be able to announce that special lectures in
Nat. Phil., Chem. and Bi. had been instituted for meds.
so that they need not have to bother about extraneous matter.
'Referring to the Military Lectures which he had had
instituted simultaneously in Adelaide, Melbourne and Sydney
last year, his object in so doing was threefold :—Firstly, to
interest students in the military aspects of medicine ; secondly,
to have a number of young graduates who had served in
the war, and who would be able to instruct in the military
technicalities of the subject ; thirdly, to be prepared in case
of another scrap. The military had declined to carry on
this year, but pressure had been brought to bear upon them,
and perhaps they might modify their decision.
He deplored the lack of adequate instruction in diseases of
children, but announced that improvements were being
effected gradually, and it had been decided to have a small
clinical exam. (not written) in the subject in finals. This,
however, would not apply to the present 5th Year men.
A new curriculum was being introduced with the following
objects :—
1. To get more time for Anatomy and Physiology.
2. To add another term of clinical work before finals.
3. To abolish August exams., so that students completing
one section would have a holiday before proceeding
to the next.
As regards numbers, there were now 750 meds., as compared
with 732 last year, though there was a decrease of
50 in 1st Year entries. it was anticipaated that about
170 3rd Year students would be passing on to the hospitals
after August. and in order to accommodate this number
the 'Alfred and St. Vincent's Hospitals were to be asked to

May, 1921. THE SPECULUM.
take as many as possible, so as to relieve, if possible, the -
great overcrowding at the Melbourne.
In conclusion, the President declared that no course could
compare with Medicine as regards training—it was easily the
finest training of all. Our whole education was directed towards
decreasing the number of sick. towards preventing sickness
from incapacitating the healthy, and towards allievating
the sufferings of those" who were beyond our powers of
healing, and making their last days more comfortable; and
the whole world would render us thanks for our service.
Research would continue unceasingly, and it was up to us
all to strive towards the ultimate truth.
Mr. Fred. Bird was then introduced 'by the President,
and he chatted very entertainingly on " Reminiscences."
Sir Harry Allen, 'Sir Thomas Fitzgerald. Mr. Bird's late
father, and Dr. Jeffrey Wood all came in for their share
of gags, and we thereby got to know our worthy President
much more intimately. Many interesting stories of his experiences
on 22 hospital ships during the war-17 of these were
sunk—were much appreciated.
The Hon. Secretary then proposed, and the Hon. Treasurer
seconded, that for their services to the society the following
gentlemen be made life members Victor
Hurley, Dr. 'C. H. C. Searby (late Hon. Treas.)., Dr. Harold
Harbison (late Hon. Sec.). and Mr. I. T. Cameron (late
Editor of "Speculum").---Passed.
The election of office-bearers resulted as follows :-
President—Professor Sir H. B, Allen.
Vice-PresidentsProfessor Osborne, Professor Berry, Dr.
Springthorpe, Dr. Stawell, Sir Henry 'Maudsley, Dr. Murray
Morton, Dr. 'Beattie Smith, Dr. Felix Meyer, Mr. F. D.
Bird, Dr. Hamilton Russell, Dr, Wilkinson, 'Sir James Barrett,
Dr. 'Buchanan, Dr. Devine.
'Chairman of Committee.—Mr. G. Troup.
Hon. Secretary.-1Mr. R. D. McKellar Hall.
Hon. Assistant 'Secretary.—Mr. J. Ainslie.
Hon. Treasurer.—Mr. G. Simpson.
Hon. Assistant Treasurer and Business Manager.--Vtr. H.
W. 'Charlton.
Editor of "Speculum."—Mr. 'Reg. S. Ellery.
'Committee.-5th Year: Messrs. G. Troup, S J. McRae,
H. R. Hawkins ; 4th Year : Messrs. R. Hylton, L. F.
Freemantle; 3rd Year : Messrs. L: T. Ride, J. Hasker ; 2nd .
Year: Messrs. J. Buchanan, 'H. Maling.

. 8 THE SPECULUM. May, 1921.
Auditor.—Mr. H. Taylor, A.I.A.V.
In announcing the result , of the election, the Hon. Sec.
:dealt with some irregularity in the 3rd Year election. By
the rules the election must take place at the general meeting
—not beforehand.
Dr. "Jock" Anderson was then introduced by the Presi-
.dent, who coupled his name with those of the late Dr.
Gilbert Lamble and the late Dr. Mathieson as three of the
finest men who had passed through his hands.
Dr. Anderson dealt chiefly with post graduate work in
.England, both after the armistice and at the present time.
He advised any graduates who went home to do a post
graduate course to get into touch with the Secretary of
the Fellowship of Medicine, which was established after
the armistice for the purpose' of conducting post graduate
work. The Secretary was to be found in the rooms of
the Royal Society of Medicine. He enumerated the methods
adopted by the Fellowship whereby for a small fee a course
in any desired branch might be taken. He declared that
any Australian graduates would be heartily welcomed, and
would almost certainly be able to obtain good hospital
appointments.
The following prizes were then distributed:—
Best Workers for "Speculum."—Messrs. I. '1'. Cameron
and Max Rees.
Best Article for "Speculum" (Senior).—Mr. F. W.
Sleeman.
Best Article for "Speculum" (Junior).—Mr. W. Donald-
Son.
Mr. Newton's Prize for Commentary.—Mr. D. V. Rees.
In conclusion, the Hon. Sec. appealed to students for
more co-operation, so that the Dinner and Dance would be
more successful this year.
The meeting terminated with a hearty vote of thanks
to Sir Harry Allen, Mr. Bird, and Dr. Anderson.
From a Professor's Correspondence.
From young women, enclosing photograph of young man,
asking: "Is this young man a student in vour institution?
I am anxious to find him. Also please let me know if
you think it is right for a young man to make love to
a girl as a medical experiment?"

May, 1921. THE SPECULUM. 9
ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1920 -21.
Students' Room,
Melbourne Hospital,
4th April, 1921.
Mr. Pre -ident, Ladies, and Gentlemen,—
Your Committee has the honour to place before you the-
Annual Report and Balance-sheet for the year 1920.
During the vear there were between 700 and 800 students in.
the Medical School, of whom less than 550 paid subscriptions.
As it is impossible for the Society to carry on without these
subscriptions, a roll is being carefully kept (as provided in the -
rules), and in their fourth and fifth years those students who
are in arrears with subscriptions will be debarred from - all
.privileges of membership unless such arrears are made up. At
present, "The Speculum" alone costs more than £60 an issue,
and the grant towards it from the general funds has been:.
raised to £40.
For donations to the Society, we wish to express our thanks
to Mrs. Kent Hughes, Mr. B. T. Zwar, and 'Mr, Victor
Hurley.
During the year hat racks and pegs were obtained for theuse
of students in the ward temporarily lent to us by the Melbourne
Hospital ,Committee. The money saved during the -
war—£100 in war 'bonds, £100 in inscribed stock, together with -
£3 .3 interest—is being kept in reserve against the day when
it will be possible for the Hospital Committee to place more
room at our disposal.
The thanks of all students at the Melbourne Hospital are
due to Mr. Victor H urley for his excellent work in the arrangement
of clinics and other hospital work for so many students,
and for his efforts on behalf of students generally. Also to
Mr. Alan Newton for his much-appreciated clinics to all the
fifth year students during November and the long vacation.
The annual dinner and the dance were held during the year.
The dinner was very poorly attended by students; and, while
the attendance at the dance was fair, yet there were many more -
who might have helped to make it a success. Your Committee
hopes for more support in both these functions this year, and
wishes to emphasise that students can make such functions become
the type of entertainment they desire only by attending
them ; also that members of the staff of the Medical School and
of the honorary staffs of tke hospitals go out of their way in
many cases to attend in order that students and teachers may -
become better acquainted.

10 THE SPECULUM. May, 1921.
The question of the Society attempting to maintain three
libraries—one at each hospital—is still a vexed one. The
item of £17/4/-, which appears on the balance-sheet, is entirely
for 'three separate subscriptions for the Australian and
British Medical Journals. While the ,present prices for books
rule, the idea of buying three separate copies of each book must
be abandoned, as must also the attempt to expend money on a
proportionate basis, according to the numbers of students, for
each hospital. Owing to the limited amount of money available
and the overwhelming proportion of students at the Melbourne
Hospital, the proportionate sum for each of the other
hospitals would be quite inadequate. The whole matter is at
present receiving the attention of the Executive, but it might
be added that, except in special. cases, the Committee is of the
opinion that the standard text books for the course should not
be purchased for the libraries, for experience has shown that
such books are removed for months at a time, and are appar-
. ently used by some people instead of their buying their own.
Provision is to be made for representation of both fourth
and fifth year students at St. Vincent's and the Alfred Hospitals
on the Committee. For the time being, pending the
necessary alteration to the rules, representatives from these
hospitals will be invited to attend General Committee Meetings.
The financial position is much as it was last year. The
somewhat increased balance was present in February, when, for
the convenience of the auditors and of tlye treasurers, the
books were audited. Accounts unpresented at that time have
since been received ; and leave the balance at present much the
same as last year.
The following prizes have been awarded for 1920 :—Best article
to "Speculum" (Senior Years), F. W. 'Sleeman. Best
. article to "Speculum" (Junior). NV. Donaldson. Best workers
for "Speculum," I. T. Cameron and M. Rees.
In conclusion, the Committee appeals to all students for
more co 7operation, especially in the matter of prompt payment
of subscriptions, and in the matter of helping to make the
:annual dinner and dance the pleasant and successful functions
they always used to be.
On behalf of the Committee,
HAROLD HARBISON,
Hon. Secretary.

4
1 ay. THE SPECULUM. 11
IF DICKY BERRY WERE RUDYARD KIPLING.
(With apologies to both.)
IF
If you attend at all your morning lectures
And demonstrations given every day;
If you can understand the Prof.'s conjectures,
And listen well to what prosectors say;
If you know all your hones from A to Z,
And can refer them to their proper sides ;
If you remember all that Hurley's said,
And never fail at spotting all your slides ;
If you can stand the racket and disaster
Of Berry's questions flung around the class,
While vainly trying all his facts to master,
Nor caring if he calls you "silly ass" ;
If you can give up smoking, cards and drinking,
And work all day with thirty other fools,
Upon a corpse that's gangrenous and stinking,
Without a Spalteholz and proper tools;
If you know all the "Bracts and their connections,
The Ventricles and Gvri of the brain;
If you can map out Pleurae and reflections,
And learn up all mnemonics, and keep sane;
-lien learn the structure of the 'Cerebellum,
Relations round the Bile-duct and Spleen,
And stand before Examiners and tell 'em
Guff about the things you've never seen;
If vou know all about the Perinaeum,
(There are pleasant ways of learning it, you'll
And every section down in the Museum,
In every case, in front and in 'behind,
You needn't fear the professorial quarrel,
Nor Preston leaning there upon the gun;
You'll pass the damned Exam. without an oral,
And—which is more—you'll get the Ex., my son.

THE SPECULUM. May, 1921 .
UNCENSORED CELEBRITIES.
It pi
In the sludge which the steady rain \\ as forming at the
gate of "the Alfred" lay a carpet tack.
That it might find its rightful, place in the scheme of things,
it impinged with subtle accuracy upon the rear tyre of a passing
push-bike. The immediate effect was the production of a
harsh and prolonged expiratory murmur, which was quickly
drowned in the consequent flight of inspired oratory elicited
from the rider. The length of time this was sustained, and
the aptness of the phrasing, marked its author as a man of
stamina, and no mean intellect..
He was the "interview" reporter for the Spec.. and he had
spent a trying day.
Early that morning he had made his dripping way to the
Alfred 'with the object of interviewing Hammie, only to learn
that that genial Honorary had last been seen heading towards
North Carlton in a state of hypnosis, and his arrival was a
matter for conjecture only.
About 11 a.m, he did arrive,, owing to the kindly offices of
an understanding policeman, bUt, upon the interviewer introducing..
himself, Hammie responded with a rather faint, "Wha-
Wha-What? Oh, ves, my boy, yes, my boy," and promptly
lapsed into a state of suspended animation, from which the
united efforts of the Resident Staff had been unable to rouse
him.
And on top o' that to pick up a—tack
It was enough to make a man swear.
The Superintendent mooche&out of the building and stood .
on top of the steps moodily surveying the pouring rain.
The reporter interrupted himself in the somewhat insipid'
task of conferring an unenviable state of immortality upon his
machine, and accosted the Super.:
"Say! Have you got any more Honoraries coming to-day?
Ones you want hit up a bit. I feel in a fit state to do justice
to that sort.of a job."
The Super. hesitated a moment.
"No," he said, "that one doesn't come to-day. But here
comes an Honorary, though not of the sort you hit uP"
As he spoke a hansom pulled up at the steps, and there
descended—a. smile.
-On looking closer the reporter discovered that it enfolded a
man shorter than the average, rather globular in outline, and'

May, 1921. THE SPECULUM. 13
of such a determined cheerfulness that the very rain-drops
chuckled in sympathy as they splashed into the ,puddles.
"Well, darkter," said the figure as it approached, the Super.
"It's a fine day"—a pause—"efter the rain." The jest was
poor enough, but it was accompanied by a guffaw of such in-
DR. MORRISON.
" On Monday I will commence normal labour."
fectious laughter from its author that the saturnine cabby
nearly fell off his perch in a paroxysm of mirth, and the horse
was obviously "all of a tremble."
Introductions having been made, Buck turned to the Super.
again.
"Well, darkter. What have you got this afternoon?"
"Nothing much, Sir. Only a couple of hernias, and--"
3

14 THE SPECULUM. May, 1921.
"1 hope not," interrupted Buck, "or you should be in bed.
You mean you have r couple of patients with hernia. Well,
let's see 'ern."
The three made their way to the theatre.
Buck went in first.
"Good afternoon, Sister. Good afternoon, Nurse. It's a
fine day—efter the rain." Again he laughed till the basins
rattled, and the patient, uneasily waiting for the anaesthetist,
heard him and took courage.
Washing began, but it was not the solemn rite some surgeons
make of it. Buck splashed bravely, and availed himself of
this opportunity to retail to anyone who cared to listen the
latest jokes, and comment upon "the extra-ordinary lack of
horrse sense" shown bythe Government.
The preliminaries over, Buck took his stand by the table,
and, settling himself by that swift and partial genuflexion
beloved of the John Hop, squared his shoulders for action.
"Iodine, Sister, plenty of it" (only quick foot-work saved
the Resident's boots). "Plenty of forceps, Nurse, it's going to
be bluggy. Is he ready, darkter?" to the anaesthetist. "Ready,
chaps. Right, oh !" The op. proceeded, and, as Buck had
prophesied, it was "bluggy," but deftly and quickly the work
was done, and soon his demand for "a hoss's hair, please, Sister,"
marked the close of the performance. Back at his basin
again. "That was an easy one, darkter," said Buck. "But
you can never tell. Sometimes those aparrentiv simple cases
can be most extra-ordinarily difficult. You know what I
mean
Case followed case, and the intervals . between them were
enlivened by the mart with the smile.
Now he would 'bo,-im out a snatch of song ; again it would
be a reminiscence of his fighting days or a pithy comment
upon present-day fashions that kept the nurses from their
duties in the sterilising room. Or he . would indulge in "liter-
ary lapses," such as " 'Why do the heathen rage?' Can you
answer me that, Sister?" or " "Blood, blood they found on
every side,' finish that for me, darkter."
At length the theatre was quitted for the ward.
A new case first claimed his attention.
"Bring us achair, please, Sister. My feet get tired. You
know, darkter, I'm carrying 12 lbs. more than I should be, and
standing about gives me metatarralgia, and that's just hales,
what? Thank vou, Sister." To the patient : "Now, son,
pull up your shirt, and let's have a look at you. Where's the

May, 1921. THE SPECULUM. 15
-pain? I see. Had it long? I see?" A careful examina-
lion, and then, "All right, old man ; that'll do."
Buck ruminated for a few moments.
"The question is, darkter, has he got an appendicitis or not.
I'd be inclined to wait a bit and watch him. That's the common
horse-sense thing to do. Of course we could open him up
and have a look. That would be interesting, but—after all, its
his belly, isn't it? What?"
He turned to the patient.
"You see, Sir, we may have to operate on you to fix things
-up, but we won't do so unless we have to, and unless we have
a. reasonable certainty of doing you good by operating. The
-darkter, here, will watch you. All right. In the meantime
you think it over."
As he left the ward he was thinking deeply, running his
finger-nail along his teeth as he did so.
Suddenly his face cleared.
"I think- that's the best way, darkter. Surgery that opens
a man merely to see what's inside isn't worth a Dumm. Goodbye
all. If you have to ring me about him ring early, darkter,
for I go to bed with the fowls. Good-bye."
Rain, was still fallin g hut, as the sound of Buck's
hansom died away, another sound took its place.
It came from the misanthropic reporter.
He was mending his puncture in the gutter, and he whistled
.as he worked.
That's Buck.
THE ILLUSION OF SECURITY.
Now they are gone with all their songs and sins,
Women and men, to dust ; their copper penny,
Of living, spent, among these dusty inns ;
The glittering One made level with the with the many."
The civilisations of the past have been built upon the sands
of dissolution, and the structures so laboriously wrought by
the hands of many generations have sunk back into chaos and
savagery. The prominent fact of history is that every great
civilisation of the past has progressed to a point at which, instead
of advancing, it has stood still to stagnate and decline.
The prestige of a Special Providence has paled to nothingness
before the majesty of the immutable laws of the Cosmos.
Twentieth century civilisation represents the culmination of
successive eras of slow time, stretching backwards across the
as

16 THE SPECULUM. May, 1921.
painful panorama of man's long ascent from the Neanderthals.
of the Neolithic Era. And in the immensity of time the human
biped is no more than a bacillus on a wheel, though contrasted
with his ape-ancestry he may seem a demi-god.' The steps
from ape to Archimedes were fraught with infinite pain and
suffering. The dark Iliad of Biology reveals the fact that the
evolutionary phase has been all too fruitful of travail and torture.
From the early Greek to the present aggrandisement
of material wealth, which means so much in our civilisation,
toil, strife, and bloodshed have dogged the footsteps of progress,
making a weird mosaic of carnage, rapacity, arson, and
pillage; "an anabasis of travail, a Calvary and a Crucifixion."
Recorded history includes the dissolution of civilisations as
elaborate as those of the Egyptians, the Chaldeans, the Assyrians,
and the Incas. And considering that a social structure
so complex as that but recently disclosed in Crete could leave
no trace in human memory but the faint and dubious whisper
of tradition ; and that the dawn of records finds the earth already
old, we can scarcely resist the conclusiorr that "social
life has, more often than we can bear to contemplate, swung
laboriously up to a meaningless apogee, and then lapsed again
into darkness."
Is Western civilisation about to follow its unnumbered predecessors
into decay? To this question no man can make
answer. Man knows but little of the hidden forces fermenting
in the Laboratory of Time. Yet our present day surroundings
are ominous. After two years of peace, and as the net
result of the peace, Europe lies, like a sick giant, in the palsy
of decline. The promised land of milk and honey is a nebulosity
of greed and vanity ; and even the hempen rope that was
to have hanged the Kaiser turns out to be a paper illusion.
There is yet no reconstruction. An epoch is dying. Europe
cannot trade. And the blessings of peace are manifest in
poverty and unproductivity. Credit has outgrown its cradle.
Capitalism, has exceeded its functions. Wages and prices rise
together. Bewilderment attacks the public mind. National
finance is delirious. Commerce has become a carcase for every
crow to peck at. Patriots of divers brands, together with
priests and potentates, scatter ,broadcast their nostrums of
flaming or fantastic rhetoric ; while the vital problems of
Science, Education, and Foodstuffs are left incubating in the
Babel of Reform. The shibboleths of capital clash with the
claptrap of Socialism. A string of mendacious catchwords
surrounds all forms of governments, and an interminable whirl
,of aimless rhodomontade rises above the rattle of industrial

May, 1921. THE SPECULUM. 17
mechanisms. The Bolshevik is overwhelming vast populations,
amorphous and unstable, with anarchy, and feeding on the
wreck of civilisation that was. The infection spreads, while
Reconstruction loses itself in a labyrinth of legal gargon, and
Demos, fully roused from his long slumber, rattles his leg-irons
with terrific frenzy.
No one is sufficiently acquainted with 'Cosmic behaviour to
foretell the outcome of this present unrest. We can only
stick to the chess-play of inference. But we sometimes wonder
what the Churches think of this prostration of civilisation, and
the utter breakdown of ecclesiastical authority. The world
has never witnessed a more cynical disregard of the ideas and
ideals that have made men great. The lust for personal
wealth leaves men with nothing but the husks of materialism.
It is not iron or engines, it is the unchecked operation
of greed that makes much of life so hideous; and
until the soul of man is weary of his millions, we need
hardly look for much improvement
Civilisation is not a progressive phenomenon. Human evolution
does not follow a direct line to a teleological pre-appointed
goal. Progress is slow and halting ; its path is strewn
with tragic ruins. Man is perpetually adjusting himself to his
environment, though the necessary changes in the policy of the
world can never be complete. Readjustment requires time,
as old tyrannies, ripe for dissolution, still cover the ground. It
needs a recurring re-birth, when systems and policies are
-thrown into the melting-pot. But these cataclysms—these
wars, plagues, blunders, and set-hacks—have served the ultimate
purpose of progress. To-day civilisation is passing
through the ,Scylla of unrest to the Charybdis (let us hope) of
a new era; and the safety of our future lies largely in a "progressive
movement of social control, alleviating the misery
which it cannot obliterate, and based on the broad general
-principle of equality of opportunity."
LINES TO THE SPIROCHAETA.
If through a microscope
We peer and stare,
You look like marceled shreds of rope,
Or maiden hair,
With eyeless hunger swift to grope
Out of your lair.

18 THE SPECULUM. May, 1921...
To feed and to fulfill your fate,
You dive and swim
Forward and backward, flagellate
Amid the dim
Ichor of women, where you mate,
Delicate, slim.
Why are you screw-shaped, in a spiral?
And why your form
Like a crooked hand upon a dial?
You are the worm
For all hell sealed up in a vial
To break in storm.
Your whips are sharper for the sickles.
Or cricket bristle ;
With finer points than rose-leaf prickles ; .
Or drifting thistle ;
You feed yourself till the blood trickles
Through flesh and gristle.
When a man knows lie is your diet,
A solemn thrill
Shows in great eyes and spirit quiet
For fears that kill;
He is a maelstrom running riot
At the centre still.
— E.L.M.
[Verily, the fear of syphilis is the beginning of wisdom.
—Editor.]
SOME PRACTICAL HINTS ON ANAESTHETICS.
By Dr. 'C. I) RING, M:A., M.B., B.S., Hon. Anaesthetist,.
Alfred and Women's Hospitals.
Preparation of the Patient.—Endeavour to see the patient
some time before the operation ; make a complete examination
of the heart, lungs, and urine—the patient is frequently more
afraid of the anaesthetic (and often rightly so) than of the
operation—give him a few reassuring sympathetic words—even
hospital patients have feelings ; with some encouragement and
a full examination the patient arrives in a contented frame of
mind, and this psychic element is of great importance. It is
almost unnecessary to add that the manner, appearance, and?

May, 1921.
THE SPECULUM. 19
personality of the anaethetist are not to be neglected as a
further addition to the confidence of the patient.
As you will not always have a trained nurse, especially one
accustomed to the preliminary preparation of an anaesthetic
patient, give minute directions as to attention to the bowels,
urine, diet, and preliminary medication—a mild aperient thenight
before operation, with an enema on the morning of operation.
If the bladder is not being emptied naturally, catheterisation
may be necessary as a preliminary—a record should be
kept by the nurse, and the amount of urine and the last time of
urinating noted.
Diet.—No food should he given for a couple of hours before
the operation, but some mild food should certainly be given
before that time—do not make the mistake of allowing the
patient to come to the table suffering from food-exhaustionsome
hot milk, light milk foods, coffee, and , toast, beef-tea, or
such like should be taken a couple of hours before the operation.
Patients frequently ask for and are denied by nurses a mouthful
or two of water when on the table—the atropine in the
preliminary morph. and atropine injection produces dryness of
the throat. Of course, there can be no objection to a limited
drink of water, if only to wash out the mouth.
With children especially, examine for adenoids and tonsils
—you will be the better prepared for difficulties in breathing
through an obstructed air-way.
Preliminary :11 edi,7atioa.—One-sixth of a grain of morphia
and one-hundred-and-fiftieth of a grain of atropine one halfhour
before operation iS the usual .routine, unless there is any -
kidney incompetence—it is of great benefit in producing a
calm frame of mind—the atropine is a respiratory stimulant—
the induction stage is shortened, and the struggling stage, if
it arises at all, is more quickly got over.
Do not give morphia- and atropine if there is the slightest
'suspicion of any kidney trouble—the kidneys must be like
Caesar's wife, absolutely above suspicion—you can substitute
chloretone grs. 15-20, per rectum, one hour before operation, if
there is any doubt.
False teeth are to be removed—they have been swallowed.
Examine the Eyes.---One may be artificial, and you may be
depending on that one for your pupillary reactions.
Choice of the Anaesthetic.—Practically there are two anaesthetics
in use, ether and chloroform, and in that order—there
are combinations of the two.

20 THE SPECULUM. May, 1921.
Formerly there were two belligerent camps, those supporting
chloroform, chiefly men from Edinburgh (Simpson was a
Scot), and the American school, who had no good word to
say about chloroform, and no bad one about ether (ether was
first used as an anaesthetic in America). Unquestionably ether
is much more widely used now than it was 20 years ago ; it
can be taken as a fact that ether is a respiratory and a cardiac
stimulant, and chloroform is undoubtedly a cardiac depressant.
The Committee of the American Medical Association, June,
1912, arrives at the following conclusions after investigations—(1)
the use of chloroform as an anaesthetic for major
operations is no longer justifiable ; (2) for minor operations
the use of chloroform should cease ; (3) when it is useful, as
in alcoholics and other difficult subjects, who are more prone
to ether excitement, it is "only justifiable when nitrous oxide
is not available.",
This is a wholesale condemnation, and, without going so far,
one's advice is to give ether the preference 'every time—it is undoubtedly
a safer anaesthetic than chloroform. Nitrous oxide
and oxygen has lately been recommended, and chiefly in
America, as a still safer anaesthetic than ether. It is very
costly, and can practically be best confined to Hospital use.
Hewitt, on page 326 of his work on anaesthetics. mentions a
case in which he us ,x1 this combination for 52 minutes, and
consumed 200 gallons of nitrous oxide and 50 of oxygen. At
that rate in this country the cost per hour would be about 45/to
50/-. Further, its use is limited to certain classes of cases.
This is admitted even by those American authors who are
especially laudatory over its use. However, it is an invaluable
anaesthetic, where there is great collapse or unusual shock,
and in the late war in the later stages it was used a good deal.
The main objection urged against ether is its odour—undoubtedly
chloroform has the advantage over it in that respect
but the objectionable odour can to a great extent be annulled
by adopting Gwathmey's suggestion, and putting on
the mask as a preliminary a few drops of oil of bitter orange
in a solution of absolute alcohol.
The other objection is that it is riot to be used where there
are any lung complications, such as asthma, bronchitis, etc., as
it is a pulmonary irritant. This can be overcome by giving
warmed ether vapour through the inexpensive portable apparatus
described by me in the "Australian Medical Journal"
(June 8, 1918). It is, however, necessary to learn how to administer
chloroform, as it may he the only anaesthetic in your
bag, or you may have a case that can only be anaethetised with

"May, 1921. THE SPECULUM. 21
great difficulty with ether. Trouble arises with chloroform vapour
in giving it in too concentrated a form—with a very great
dilution with air comparative safety exists. "Chloroform
kills quickly in overdose (in a concentration of 5 per cent. or
.more)" (Flagg, page 185). Keep the mask well off the face,
and do not saturate it—allow the chloroform to drop slowly—
remember that the vapour is heavier than air, and sinks down.
Watch unremittingly the respirations and eye reflexes—remove
the mask at once if there be respiratory spasm, or if the
breathing , becomes shallow or the pupils dilated—even with a
contracted pupil the breathing - may become shallow—watch
carefully every respiration. Obstetric cases and children are
those who give least trouble with chloroform—young athletic
men in the prime of life are those who require most care and
attention. Should breathing gradually become shallower, do
not wait until it ceases. Get some pressure on the chest walls
to endeavour to re-establish the respirations, and in this way
you may be lucky enough to avoid artificial respiration.
Should the breathing cease, pull out the tongue with a tongue
forceps, or preferably run a silk ligature through the tongue,
and get on to artificial respiration—with a widely dilated pupil
and cessation of respiration. your patient is very near the brink
of eternity, and prompt measures must he taken to restore respiration,
and get rid of the excess of chloroform vapour—respiration
always ceases before circulation.
It is chiefly in the induction stage that trouble arises, and
then it is most frequently the fault of the anaesthetist in
hurrying the anaesthesia by giving a too concentrated solution
of the drug. Never hurry an anaesthetic, even if you have to
keep the operating surgeon waiting a few minutes. Most
operators of the present day have served their time as anaesthetists,
and have a more kindly .feeling for the "man at the
head of the table" than in times gone by—it is better to take
5 minutes extra and have an even maintennace than to hurry
and interrupt the operation by haying to perform artificial
- respiration.
(To be continued.)
"The Bloodied Garments soiled with dirt and mould,
The Rusty Axe, the Human Hair unrolled—
The Newsboy sings these gruesome things, and they
Bring Ecstasy to readers manifold."

22 THE SPECULUM. May, 1921..
THE LITANY REVISED.
From Battle, 'Murder and Dicky's Orals—
From all the subjects of the Medical 'Course ; from Work,.
Duty, and all other ridiculous things—
From the crush round the door at an M.S.S. Meeting, Dinner,.
or Dance—
From the shrewd head with the orphan in his case—
From pin-point pupils—
From the chap with a new one about Walter—
From Walter himself—
From increase in the cost of living, loving and lager—
From Incontinence—
From the man who gets honours on one night's work—
From Lady Meds-
From Diplococci-
From the Censor and all his works—
From the scourge of Temperance Reformers—
From the latest description of how we won the War—
From the job of collecting contributions for the Sftec-
From M'orning Sickness—
From weary wanderings. on Wednesdays—
From the University . esprit de corps—
From the funny bloke who stamps when Harry stutters—
From the kind of patient (female) who wishes to help with
her diagnosis—
From nervous primipara-
From fantastic fabrications of the frivolous Fallope-
From the bloke who talks shop—
From all hots—
From the morning after the week before—
From the lure of the blue light—
From tightness of all sorts and dimensions and the accompanying
stiffness—
From people who laugh at this—
From a breech presentation—
From Answer to Correspondents, Sudden Death, and + + +-
From these and the multitudes of other evils besetting
Thy noblest work on Earth, Good Lord, deliver us,

May, 1921. THE SPECULUM. 23
AT A SPLENECTOMY.
She : A big op. like this must take a lot out of the
man, mustn't it ?
PEPY'S.
Up and in a to sse to find my lied had. To the Apothe- -
caries', and there do break my fast upon a brace of Aspirin,
and so to the Infirmary.. Here losing is. to the rogues that
play at solo. .Observe the Chirurgeon Zeddie open into a man's
body removing of a piece of bowell most beautiful to see.
Ceming downstairs, one with whom I walked, spake with a
wench, calling her by name, Glaxo, which do make me mad,
and, fearing lest I he mistaken for an intimate also, to the
basement alone. Here do meete mine old friend, Sw-tn-m,
and call his advice for my head, which he do quickly give
and so to Phair's. But here my stummick did play me false
against the taking of a Prairie Oyster, so that it was cast upon
the floore and all merrie at my plight.
By foot to the Citie Clubbe, and there they tell that since
the leech Maloney bath spake the Parliament men against the
assailing of the charmed circle wont herein to gather, he wants
for nothing of the best vintages.
Greeted by name by a few, the wench set up more drink,
and so passed a right glad time, till I do perceive they take in

:24 THE SPECULUM. May, 1921.
turn to call the score. And thus remembering of an appointment,
do say farewell.
St. Clair to preach upon the Publique Health of the setting
up of conveniences, of the inns and outs of same, and of many
and divers affairs, a happy, capital discourse and much regret
when he do cease.
By foot unto the Citie, and fall to wondering on this and
that; of Pharmacie and emeticks; of the Knighte Sir Harry
and Toomors; Alan of Newtoun, from whom can nothing .be
hid. And of what is to become of us all, God knows.
THE READY REFERENCE.
Anatomy.—The night-mare of third years.
Surface.----The chief male occupation in picture shows,
dark lanes, and railway carriages.
Anderson, Jock.—Berry's (q.v.) understudy.
Aphrodisiac.—Oysters and stout.
Anaphrodisiac.—A peep at the V.D. Clinic.
Bathos.—A polite word for Public Health lectures.
Balls.—(1) Spheroidal objects; used in all forms of sport.
(2) Grouped in pairs, they have an anatomical significance.
(See Berry's Anatomy, Vol. II.).
(3) Grouped in threes they signify a "Monte de Piete."
Important Hebraic symbol.
(4) Stronger word than bathos.
Beer.—iNectar of the gods. (See Foster.)
- Berry, Dick.—Professor of Anatomy; an incubus in the
flesh.
Billiards.—Balls and stick.
Cappo.—A prime necessity of life. (See Ford.)
A dope-stick ; a fag.
Church.—The dissecting-room for the soul.
Clapp.—(a) A Commissioner of Railways.
(b) A loud noise.
(c) See further Bumsted Taylor, p. 62.
'Clubbus.—A museum, housing an old sea-lion, a billiard table,
some relics of women, and the students (the latter are
not permanent exhibits).
`Connection.—An impossibility on the automatic telephones.
Dingbat.—A mad fellow.

May, 1921. THE SPECULUM: 25
Dinner.—A feed.
Medical.—;A function so obsolete that only 3 per cent.
of the medical students attend.
Dissecting.—The meat trade on a small scale, and without
any trade union.
Dud.—A failure.
Doses.—Things one must cultivate on the tip of one's
tongue or the finger-tips.
Diathermy.—A hot time.
Exam.—A process of elimination—the survival of the fittest
principle applied to the mind.
Examfunk.—A disease of the nervous system characterised
by a slouch, buccoptosis (or drooping at the corners
of the mouth), sad eyes, and an expression like an
"iguana with a perforated gall bladder." Bury. Occurs
sporadically, and epidemically. (Consult "Speculum,"
May, 1916.)
Fallopius.—(a) A tube—a site of infection.
(b) The man who discovered the tube.
(c) (Modern meaning) A cadaver carrier ; one of whom
the laureate Beecy sang.
Felix (Cousin to Felicity).—One who used to lead us
happily through the mire of Obstets.
Fillemupagain.—An expression which forms part of the
students' ritual.
Ford.—(a) Henry, the inventor of Tinlizzy.
(b) Same as Cappo.
Foster.—A son of Bacchus. A public benefactor.
Gust.—A well known breeze, most marked in August.
History.—(1) A record of the erring judgments of the
multitude.
(2) Histories : Medical-Surgical : The confessions of
loquacious patients recorded by perspicacious students.
Hospital.—( 1) General : A nursery for embryonic medicos ;
a place where the favoured females hang their nets.
(2) Particular—(a) Melbourne: A large red brick building,
backing on to Little Lon, in the vicinity
of the Public Library, the Socialists' Hall, the
Gaol, Lonsdale House, and The Britannia. Provides
work for honoraries and relaxation for
students.
(b) St. Vincent's: Situated near Fire Station and
'St. Patrick's. Harbours satellites of the Divine:

- 26 THE SPECULUM. May, 1921.
(c) Alfred: A small village on the outskirts of
Prahran, in the vicinity of the Institute for
the Blind, and the Homoeopathic.
(d) Drummond-street.
(e) Women's: A Government chalet, where students
go for the benefit of their health.
Hymen.—Something that gets broken.
Insect.—A crawler.
Intellect.—Something that most people keep in their buttocks.
Jaundice.—All is not gold that glitters.
Jake.—All set. (A man with his M.B.B.S. or his wife is
said to be Jake.)
Life.—A long process of getting tired.
Love.—
Marriage.—A game in which one is apt to burn more than
one's fingers. He who hesitates is sometimes saved.
Mat. Med.—A deliriant narcotic.
Maiden.—A. myth.
Modesty.—A mask.
Menopause.—A conundrum : e.g., Why did the menopause?
. Nihill, Dr. Johnny.—Ex nihilo nihil fit.
Newton, Isaac.—Man who discovered gravity by observing
apples.
----Alan.—Man who discovered ignorance by teaching students.
Optic, Glad 'Optic, Merry Optic, Etc.—The coin of the
coquette.
Physiology.—Ossy's opportunity for eloquence.
Preston.---lIe best gunshot in Melbourne.
Punk.—Rotten.
Pub.--'Synonymous with Temple.
Preachers.—These are the costermongers and barrowmen of
the religious world.
Religion.—A subject that is tabooed in the Speculum.
R.M.10.—The Animate end of Retractors.
Sex.—The sexes are the first—or are among the first—great
experiments in the social subdivision of labour. (Verily
man gets the greatest load.)
Speculum.—(1) The most important organ south of the line.
(2) An instrument that requires dextrous manipulation.
.Shout.—(Verb) To pay in one's turn; e.g., shout and the
world drinks with you—don't, and you drink alone.

May, 1921. THE SPECULUM. 27
Skirt.—(a) Movable covering.
(b) Tab, tart, hint, or part of a harem.
Student.—,Obsolete synonym for "fool."
Traybit.—The smallest coin current in a pub.
University.—A shop stocked with saleable knowledge. (See
Dud.)
Vimule.—A patent medicine, guaranteed reliable.
Virgin.—Latin, virgo; e.g., virgo intacta (=-- rara avis).
Work.—'A virulent infection brought on by Examfunk (q.v.).
Wowser.—A man who goes to a leg-show and tells his
friends he's 'been to a prayer meeting.
Woman.—(1) A female biped (for Sexual Differences, etc.,
see Man and Woman, by Havelock Ellis.)
(2) A snare and a delusion. (See Latin origin—vir
a man ; gin = a trap.)
Characteraitic. In woman as compared with man.
-Cruelty - - Greater.
Conventionality Greater.
Equilibrium - More unstable.
Genius - - Much less common, one might say very rare,
Hallucinations More frequent.
irascibility - More common.
-Originality - Less common.
Passions - Those of weakness more common.
Ruse - - More frequent.
Superstition - Greater.
&c., &c.
X. Anything unknown.
Yaws.—Not mine.
Zeddy.—A surgeon.
Zac.—Two beers.
THE TREATMENT OF DISEASE BY SUPER-
NATURAL MEANS.
"And when a man or a woman hath in the skin of their flesh
bright spots, even white bright spots ;
Then the priest shall look : and, behold, if the bright spots on
the skin of their flesh be of a dull white ; it is a Letter, it
hath broken out in the skin ; he is clean."
IdroTricuts XIII. 45.
From time immemorial problems connected with the life of
man, and with the evils which have beset it, have been the subject
of speculation. , Unable to harmonise reality with reason,

28 THE SPECULUM. May, 192L.
it has been the practice of all peoples to confound the unknown
with the unknowable, the incomprehensible with the
marvellous, and the unexplained with the inexplicable. Ignorance
may be the mother of admiration ; it most certainly is the
mother of credulity and confidence in the super-natural. There
can be no better example of this tendency than that - which is
afforded by a study of the religious beliefs of the races of the
world. Life and death, sleep, generation, and disease have
forever been bound together as special dispensations of the
gods. Such things could not 'be explained ; they were fearful ;
they were regarded as inexplicable on natural grounds ; they
were referred to final causes.
The treatment of disease, and, indeed, the whole conception
of disease, have only quite recently broken away, so to speak,
from the grips of the gods ; and this not wholly so—even yet.
Of especial interest is the attitude of the ancients towards
these things, for so much of their usage has been in existence
among the peoples of modern Europe, even down to the present
day. Early Greek civilisation generally recognised disease
as a manifestation of Divine wrath, and naturally enough
sought its cure in attempts to appease the offended deity. In
these early times, therefore, the use of charms, amulets, and
other species of magic is not surprising. Such practices, however,
were in existence long before Greek civilisation, which
derived them from earlier nations. In the ancient kingdoms
of Chaldea, Babylon, and Persia such customs were rife, and
were carried by emigrants from these countries along the
coasts of Africa and into Greece. Sacrifice and prayer, the
repetition of passages from the sacred and semi-sacred writings,
and religious practices in general, have thus played the
main part in the curative art of the past. Ancient Egyptian
custom exposed the sick to public view, that such that passed
by, if they had suffered from a like disease; should advise as
to their mode of treatment. Indeed, it was incumbent on
passers-by to inform themselves as to the diseases presented.
At this period there was no means of recording knowledge
other than by the use of hieroglyphics not generally understood.
With the introduction and use of letters, the remedies
were inscribed in the temples to serve for public instruction.
Anyone was entitled to consult such records, and to choose the
remedy he considered most suitable for his condition. The
inscriptions, or, rather, prescriptions, were later collected in
sacred books and reserved for the use of physicians; and from
them they were forbidden to deviate. If they adopted the
prescribed mode they were not answerable for the result, but

May, 1921. THE SPECULUM. 29
should they reject it, and the patient die, the punishment was
death. The nature of the treatment advocated in the temples
is not definitely known, but considering that the methods originally
came from the ranks of past sufferers, they would probably
be of a mystical nature. Patients for whom the physicians
could find no remedy, and oppressed with unalleviable
pain, would naturally look to some invisible being for relief,
and hence would arise many of the magical methods for treating
disease.
Most probably in Egypt, and certainly in Greece, the use of
amulets and charms was resorted to.
The means of charming away ills were various. Words
curiously written were a favourite method, and sentences,
rhymes, or single letters were used, either spoken close to, or at
a distance from, the patient. Sometimes they were inscribed
on paper, wood, or other material, and suspended from different
parts of the body. A remedy recommended for the
treatment of -Hemitritea—a fever—was the wearing round the
neck of a piece of fabric on which was scored the device :—
ABRACADABRA
ABRACADABR
ABRACADA
ABRACA
AB RA
AB
A
The Jews attributed a similar power to the word ABRA-
CALON, and the Turks inscribed passages from the Koran.
In modern times, although lacking entirely the ancient
spirit, such charms have been extensively used, and even as late
as the mid-nineteenth century were quite common in Europe.
In the less civilised parts of the world, such practices naturally
abound. It suffices to mention the African priests or
marabouts, who, at the present day, carry on an extensive
traffic in charms, which answer any contingency, protecting
from "thunderbolts, and diseases, from ship-wreck in 'fishing,
from slavery in war, as well as securing success in battle."
In England towards the close of the eighteenth century, which
saw the deaths of Lavoisier and Priestly, the founders of
chemical science, medicine was, if we compare it with the
other sciences, tolerably far advanced. Anatomy had become
a subject of instruction under John Hunter, who had built the
first dissecting theatre in England; the grouping and classi-

'30 THE SPECULUM. May, 1921.
fication of -i diseases had been carried out in a manner compatible
with the knowledge of the time. Nevertheless, Physiology
had yet to be revolutionised, and, until this and its sister
science—Pathology—were firmly .established, there could he no
rational system of therapeutics.
At this late hour still the causes, and hence the treatment, of
disease were, by the majority of people, including such a man
as the famous Robert Boyle, considered as supernatural.
Among the curious remedies in vogue at that period we find
the following :-
, For whooping cough, it was common to inquire for a cure, of
the first person met on a pye-balled horse, and to take the ad
vice as a specific. The treatment of agues has given rise . to a
greater catalogue of charms than has perhaps any other
disease. To run nine times through a circle formed by a briar
growing naturally in that figure, and to repeat the proecdure
on nine successive days, was a method much in esteem. With
some people a spider given to the patient unknown was conJ
sidered of value, whilst others claimed equally good results
from the snuff of a candle. -John Lettsom, M.I)., in his "History
of the .Origin of Medicine." written in 1783, states that
"many families of reputation continue to use charms in teething.
These amulets are daily advertised in our public papers,
the pathetic proprietor exclaiming "What mother can forgive
herself who suffers her child to die without an Anodyne Necklace."
The same author details a method for the relief of
toothache, and practised extensively, so he says, "by a celebrated
female in this city." The treatment consisted in the
exhibition .after much manipulation of a worm. alleged to have
been extracted from the tooth. The wrigglings of the worm
and the apparent difficulty with -which it was obtained played
powerfully on the imagination of the patient, and no doubt
.tempdrary cures resulted. Of a like nature is the method employed
by the Indian jugglers, who, after affecting to eradicate
the disorder, produce a bone or some other such substance which
they pretend to have extracted from the diseased part. Cramp
was frequently treated by wearing around the neck a sheep's
patella, or by wearing on the finger a ring made from stolen
metal. If the Specific were of a revolting nature, the
better seems to have been the estimation of its efficacy. Even
'Robert Boyle rec'ommended' for certain diseases "a little bag
hung round the neck, containing the powder obtained from
boiling a live toad in a new pot." For epilepsy, the patient
was advised to creep head foremost down three pairs of steps
three times a clay for three days. If this did not effect a cure

'May, 1921. THE SPECULUM. 31
he might try three drops of blood from the tip of the tail of a
black cat, mixed with a spoonful of milk from a woman's
„breast.
Such practices as these could be multiplied indefinitely.
They are derived from ancient religious rites, and they retain
the same objective curative power as they ever had, and which
was none at all; and the same subjective power, by reason of
the suggestive influence they undoubtedly exercised. Nevertheless
they appear infinitely more degrading and revolting when
resorted to by the inhabitants of modern Europe than they did
in the time and place of their origin.
There is a vast difference in the interpretation of the application
of such charms as used by the ancient Greeks, and as
used by the Europeans of the last and to some extent of this
century.
The Greek, with his conception of the world of the gods and
the relationships between gods and men, very naturally came
to the conclusion concerning the Divine origin of disease. His
method in treatment, consisting of the removal of the cause, was
perfectly sound. His theory of causation was false; nevertheless,
it was a theory of causation, and his sacrifices had a
rational end, although they appear to us as an irrational means
to such an end.
To the behaviour of modern peoples who have adopted such
methods no like interpretation can be applied. Without assigning
a cause to their maladies—perhaps neyer having
thought that they had a cause—they have clutched at the supernatural,
simply because it was supernatural, and satisfied their
credulity. Because they were unable to understand disease
they assumed that it was not to be understood, and that it
could be cured by anything claiming that power, provided that
it was also incomprehensible, marvellous, and unreasonable.
The Grecian spirit was incomparably more refined and
logical, which, attributing to the anger of the gods, the plagut
which raged throughout the Grecian Camp, exclaimed—
4 A
"Let some prophet or some sacred sage
Explore the cause of great Apollo's rage,
Or learn the wasteful vengeance to remove,
By magic dreams, for dreams descend from Jove.
If broken vows this heavy curse have laid,
Let altars smoke, and hecatombs be paid,
So heaven atoned shall dying Greece restore,
And Phoebus dart his burning shaft no more."
"Aruc."

32 THE SPECULUM. May, 1921..
WILSON HALL — WILSON HALL — WILSON HALL
DE LUXE Proprietors, J. P. Bainbridge & Co. WILSON"
DE LUXE Pty. Ltd. WILSON
DE LUXE WILSON
DIE LUXE
DE LUXE
DE LUXE
DE LUXE
DE LUXE
DE LUXE
DE LUXE
DE LUXE
DE LUXE
DE LUXE
DE LUXE
DE LUXE
DE LUXE
DE LUXE
DE LUXE
DE LUXE
DE LUXE
DE LUXE
DE LUXE
DE LUXE
DE LUXE
DE LUXE
'D E LUXE
DE LUXE
DE LUXE
DE LUXE
DE LUXE
DE LUXE
DE LUXE
DE LUXE
DE LUXE
DE LUXE
DE LUXE
DIE LUXE
DE LUXE
DE LUXE
DE LUXE
DIE LUXE
DE LUXE
DIE LUXE
DE LUXE
Re-opening August 8th, 1921.
In the Old Sketch.
Continued Success of the Smart Set
Company:
THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS
including
THE THREE MIUSKETEERS
THE THREE MUSKETEERS
THE THREE MUSKETEERS
(Berry, Allen, Newton)
.Bombadier Preston has kindly of-
fered his services to the Machine
Gunners.
Professor Berry has returned from
London with the Latest 'Steps and
Tricks for the 1921 Season.
Greatest Comedy, in five reels—
DEAD MEN TELL NO TALES
Then—
HIS MASTER'S VOICE,
IC.962, AND HE'D SAY, "
LA LA WEE WEE."
Also Showing
THE PLUNGER,
seething with thrills and the
struggle of strong men. Dramatic
story of a young man's rise against
terrific odds.
NOTICE TO PATRON'S.
'Patrons are requested not to leave
the hall during the first half-hour
of the performance. All seats not
occupied 'by 10 a.m. and 3 p.m.,
respectively, will be disposed of.
Children under 16 years of age not
admitted.
Box Plan at Registrar's Office.
Another Sitting in March, when all
"Base" Casualties will be filmed.
WILSON
WILSON
WILSON
WILSON -
WILSON
WILSON .
WILSON
WILSON
WILSON
WILSON
WILSON -
WILSON
WILSON
WILSON
WILSON
WILSON
WILSON -
WILSON
WILSON
WILSON
WILSON
WILSON
WILSON
WI LSON
W I LSON
WILSON
WILSON
WILSON
WILSON
WILSON
W I LSON
WILSON
WILSON
WILSON
WILSON
WILSON
WILSON
WILSON
WILSON
WIL'SO'N"
WILSON

-Nov., 1920. THE SPECULUM. 33
THE PLAY.
[There are so few now-a-days who have not heard of Epididymis,
the famous Polish dramatist, that very few words will suffice to
introduce the following report of his new drama founded on the
mediaeval "Passion Play." Low down in the scale of play wrivhts
- there are the ephemeral third-rate dramatists who wink at the Box Office,
while continuing to supply Revues, crook Melodramas, Scenarios made
popular by the ambrosial powder-puff of a Mary Pickford, and boudoir
banalities of the "Up in Mabel's Room" variety. But from
these we turn to Ibsen, the "master-builder," searching with his
Diogenes' lantern in the mists that surround the human soul; to
the black-magic and symbolism or Strindberg, whose muffled harmonies
came from a lyre of psychiatric woes; to the epic breadth
of Hauptmann ; to the magnificent tragedy of Gorki, which presaged
the Russian Revolution ; to the pasSionate glory of Hofmannsthal
and the ceaseless challenge of Tchehov. With these dramatists we
enter the citadel of intellectual greatness. It is here that Epididymis
is enthroned.—Editorl
The life of a reporter on a great and influential quarterly
is filled with trials and tribulations. Fresh from as dainty a
divorce case as had happened for a couple of days, and sup-
- porting an optimism engendered by the sudden pasage of a
couple of wads of Mother's Ruin through the Duodenal
Sphincter, we oozed into the 'Editorial Dive. And there Fate
—waiting with the proverbial sock full of sand, laid it neatly
behind our ear.
"Epididymis," cried the Editor, "do you know him !"
"How do you spell him," we parried.
"The gifted author" evaded the blighter.
"Oh, the gifted author . . . . No."
"Find him. Get an account of his latest play and its performance.
Spare no expense. You understand !" And with
a sharp intake of the breath to strangle a perfervid hiccough,
we stumbled forth clutching in - a hot palm the editorial sixpence.
Directing our somewhat disobedient footsteps towards
the city address of the great man, he was at length discovered
in what appeared to be his accustomed attitude, with one foot
on the brass rail and a pint of Dog's Nose in front of him,
quietly pursuing his hobby and the relaxation of his leisure
hours.
Rapidly focussing us, he beamed a frothy welcome : "Ha,
laddie, I knew it, I guessed it, I felt it ; you've come at last."
Disclaiming the soft impeachment, we sketched the Editor's
exorbitant demands. He readily and indulgently complied with
them, and, making all necessary expurgations, we are able to
present the following report:—

34 THE SPECULUM. May, 1921—
Beset with an ambition to write a play worthy of performance
by,the MSS. mummers, he overcame the technical difficulties
of construction, but found himself faced with those of
adequate production. The situation being explained to that
staunch veterinary (pardon) veteran Mr. P-tt-rs-n, he offered
to undertake the task, merely stipulating that he was to be all'owed
to vamp on his vocal cords till he was cyanosed.
The play was staged in the No, 3 Theatre. The jazz Band
of Baillarger, under the baton of M. Anal. Fisher, rendered
passionate rag-time melodies, while the external organs enlivened
proceedings on the lawns. In an adjoining ante-
Mrs. Catherine Q. Salpinx seeing St. Paul's.
chamber an exhibition of Foetal Relics was given by the
Women Students, and the set of homologues kindly lent by Mr.
P-t D-n-l-p was particularly admired. The air was saturated
with 01. Santal Flay. and Jockey 'Club, so that all should
feel at their ease. The social aspect of the entertainment is
fully reported by. "Vulva" in another column.
The love, chemiotaxis or what not of Sir Charles Cavernosa
(of the huge Firm, Corpora. Cavernosa), for the beautiful Lady
Labia. Duzzyte, is the motif. Charles finds himself in a bit
of a' hole by the machinations of Lord I,ovitt (Lady Labia's
father). He is saved from the workhouse by his faithful friend
and sometime dependent Skrotum, a retired 'bagman, whose
American aunt, Mrs. Catherine Q. Salpirm (known over -
there as Klitoris Kate), settles a couple of million on him.

May, 1921. THE SPECULUM. 35
George Skrotum is in love with Labia's sister, Lady Eiopia
Duzzyte, but feeling himself a bit of an outsider, fears to propose.
The adventures which befall the lovers and their ultimate
triumph over much adversity (aided by the re-erected
Ca'vernosa) make a story which is at once stimulating and
exhilarating. The arrival in England of Mts. Salpinx at the
head of a huge expedition of Purity Campaigners adds a touch
of humour. The surrender of Lord Lovitt to her charms, and
M. VENERIS.
the subsequent union of the ill-assorted pair, provide light
passages which relieve the pathos and sentiment of the other
characters.
"Mr. Fat McR's. performance of Skrotum was top-hole.
Some of his passages were finely done, and nothing required
cutting out. An emotional piece of acting was his reply to
Lord Lovitt, who twits him with doing nothing but hang about
and get in the way.
Mr. Fr-nk M-y's Cavernosa was good, and supplied just the
right amount of feeling for the delicate part.
Mr. M-11-r V-n-'s Lord Lovitt was a masterly portrayal of
a self-indulgent old man.

36 THE SPECULUM. May, 1921.
The minor parts: Umbilicus (a bell boy) and Mons Veneris
(the French valet) were in the capable hands of the Pr-dbrothers,
while the impersonation of Bubo and Spiro Keat by
Messrs. Ginner J-m-s and Cl-nchy can aptly be designated
lifelike. Mr. Boggy Gr-nds as Frenulum, unfortunately broke
down at an important juncture; Mr. P-tt-rs-n's own part of
Flatus was about the biggest noise of the piece.
The handling of the female parts was eNcellent, but it is
not our mission to stir up jealousy by invidious distinction, so
we do no more than commend Labia's acting (which suggested
unplumbed depths beneath the surface), and condemn the
part of Kate as unnecessarily heavily drawn. No nice woman
nowadays would be guilty of such an outburst as "Ho, joy !
Ho, rupture! What a magnificent pile !" in her transports
of admiration at first seeing St. Paul's.
Apart from this, the presentation was in every way a
success, and, on the whole, entirely enjoyable.
Epididymus (by this time rather sleepy) stated that the
Society intend presenting his series of playlets termed "The
Bolicky Bill Love Cycle," and ventured to predict a season
of astonishing success.

IIJ
May, 1921. THE SPECULUM. 37
A profit of £1/11/- on the sale of the empties was shown
, after the last performance, and it is suggested that efforts be
made to double or treble this sum. Thus lovers of the dram-
. atic art may contribute to the unavoidable exes; while not depriving
themselves or lady friends of their usual form of refreshment.
THE LATE SIR WILLIAM OSLER.
Of all the great names which the Student of Medicine
has encountered, perhaps there is none with which he is
more familiar than that of Sir William Osier.
And now Sir William Osier is dead.
To those of us in Australia who have never even seen
him, much less been privileged as his disciples, he is known
primarily on account of his treatise on "The Principles
and Practice of Medicine," yet lie has other and perhaps
greater claims to our affection and veneration. Of his
"Principles and Practice of Medicine" it is unnecessary
for us to speak—were this the sole product of his life's
work it would ensure his place among the Immortals—
but it is not. In his writings in the shape of lectures
and addresses, delivered on divers occasions and in a diversity
of circumstances to his fellow practitioners, nurses, laymen,
and his own students, and those of the numerous medical
schools and hospitals which were fortunate enough to
be granted the privileges of his presence, he has laboured to
inculcate what may be described in his own words in the
Preface to one of his volumes : "Loyalty to the best interests
of the noblest of callings, and a profound belief
in the gospel of the day's work . . ." and the fact that
"hard though the conditions may be, approaches in the right
spirit—the spirit which has animated us since the days of
Hippocrates—the practice of medicine affords scope for
the exercise of the best faculties of the mind and heart."
In reading even at random any of Sir William Osler's
writings, one cannot but be struck by the interest which
he had in, and the anxiety for, the welfare of the student
and man who had just graduated, and was on the threshold
of his career. At a farewell dinner given by the
Profession of the United States and !Canada in 1905 he
confesses in regard to medical students : "They have been

3
38 THE SPECULUM. May, 1921_
the inspiration of my work; and I may say truly, the inspiration'
of my life."
It was not only in medical knowledge that :Osier wished
to influence his students. It was not enough that a man
should be learned merely in medical science, therefore he gaveungrudgingly
the fruits of his years of labour, his tremendous
energies and his wide and profound experience in order that
the life-work of students might be rendered less empirical,
and less burdened with difficulties and disappointments. To
them, in an address at the University of Minnesota, he
urges the cultivation of "The :Art of Detachment, the
Virtue of Method, the Quality of Thoroughness, and the
Grace of :Humility," and "though this course does not necessarily
bring position or renown, consistently followed it will,
at any rate, give to your youth an exhilarating zeal and a
cheerfulness which enables you to surmount all obstacles-to
your maturity a serene judgment of men and things,
and that broad charity without which all else is nought ;
to your old age that greatest of, blessings, peace of mind,
a realisation, maybe : of the prayer of Socrates for the
beauty of the soul and for unity of the outer and inner
man ; perhaps, of the promise of St. Bernard. "pax sine
cremine; pax sine tur 4bine, pax sine rixa."
To the student prone to harass himself by unnecessary
doubts and worries, he says :—"What I urge is that you
so learn to control the machinery as to live with 'daylight
compartments' as the most certain way to ensure safety. on the
voyage. {Get on the bridge, and see that at least the great
bulkheads are in working order. Touch a button and hear,
at every level of your life, the iron door shutting out
the past—the dead yesterdays. Touch another, and shut
off, with a metal curtain, the future—the unborn to-morrow.
Then you are safe—safe for to-day' . . . . To look back,
except on rare occasions for stocktakings, is to risk the
fate of Lot's wife. Many a man is handicapped in his
course by a cursed combination of retro- and intro-spection,
the mistakes of yesterday paralysing the efforts of ti-day, the
worries of the past hugged to his destruction, and the -
worm, Regret, allowed to canker the very heart of his
life. To die daily after the manner of St. Paul ensures
the resurrection of a new man, who makes each day the
epitome of a life."
From a literary standpoint, nowhere in his writings does
-Osier reach such a perfection of style as in his dissertation.

May, 1921. THE SPECULUM. 39
on the subject of "Science and Immortality," a work Which.
in its beauty of thought and dignity of expression is
worthy in some respects to rank with that immortal
classic, "The Religio Medici," the expression of the philosophy
of him whom Osier recognises as his mentor, that famous
old physician of Norfolk—Sir. Thomas Browne.
In all his utterances Sir William Osier reveals the wideness
of his reading, the catholicity of his tastes, the depths
of his ponderings and the subtlety of his understanding.
To the student he urges the necessity and benefits to
be gained by general reading. "For the general practitioner,"
he says, "a well-used library is one of the few
correctives of the premature senility which is so apt to
overtake him—self-centred, self-taught, he leads a solitary
life, and unless his everyday experience is controlled by
careful reading on the attrition of a medical society, it soon
ceases . to he of the slightest value, and becomes a mere
accretion of isolated facts, without correlation."
Last, but not least, he urges on the physician and surgeon
the necessity for the quality of imperturbability. "Cultivate
such a judicious measure of obtuseness as will
enable you to meet the exigencies of practice with firmness
and courage, without, at the same time, hardening 'the human
heart by which we live' ; in the second place, there is a
mental equivalent to this bodily endowment which is as
important in our pilgrimage as imperturbilitv a calm
equanimity is the desirable attitude." He closes his
valedictory address to the University of Pennsylvania with
the words : `cGentlemen,—Farewell. and take with you into
the struggle the watchword of the good old . Roman Aequanimitas."
Aequanimitas was the watchword of Sir William Osier—
it was with him as one of nine children in the parish of
Weston, Ontario, as a student at McGill University, and
as Regius Professor of Medicine in the University of
Oxford, "whom the King delighteth to honour." He has
left behind him the record of a life of whole-hearted devotion
to medical science and loyal service to his fellows. We,
especially as Medical Students, owe him a debt of gratitude ; it
was primarily owing to him that clinical teaching has
reached its present standard; to him we owe the
inauguration of a training by which bedside and
laboratory knowledge are correlated and interwoven,
and, in his writings he has left to us the heritage of a

-40 THE SPECULUM. May, 1921.
philosophy of life, rich in the wisdom of experience, and
,a record of professional ideals. Of Sir William Osler may
be truly said, as of Adonais :—
". . . . his fate and fame shall he
An echo and a light unto eternity!"
C. J.
ODE.
TO THE GLASS-CASED MUSCLE FIGURE.
Dissecting Room, 1.4.21.
0! silent remnant of a blighted life,
From whose reluctant trunk the epiderm
Was rent by surgeon's cruel relentless knife,
Leaving thy tender flesh, and whip-like, firm,
Spermatic cord unclad! 'Thou witness bold
Of the undoubted fact that, of the two,
The left is lower than the right ! Poor cold
Repulsive object ! What, bast thou to do
With that sweet life thou seest from thy glass-
' Encircled tomb? What's love to thee—thou who
By e'en thy chilly stare at those who pass,
And gaze into thy face with eyes of blue,
Betokenest that the passions which we feel,
Leave thee untouched, thou thing with heart of steel!
What mixture queer of life and death in all
Its forms has passed before thy flinty gaze!
Unmoved, thou'st seen such gruesome fates befall
Thine erstwhile fellow beings as would raise
The hair upon the head of any less
Deluded man. Untouched thou'st viewed
Fair maids on whom the cold and stark caress
Of death has closed, torn limb from limb by rude
Unfeeling brute s—th e .parts they cherished most
Displayed—their pride and confidence subdued!
But, stay! we know not what strange things thou dost
When shadowy night descends—thy pulse renewed,
Who knows but that thine inner self awakes,
And for a -while that callous frame forsakes?
Or is thy wretched plight the dire result
Of former trespass 'gainst the powers that be?
Wast thou ordained to suffer . for a fault
Committed when thy morals were as free

*
May, 1921. THE SPECULUM. 41
As those of—but enough ! Shalt thou one day,
When all thy weary waiting is fulfilled,
Assume thy wonted covering, bid decay
A long farewell, and start the blood that's chilled
In thy poor heart upon its surging course?
Shalt thou once more be lifted up and thrilled
By such sensations as have lost their force,
To move thee now? Art thou not killed,
But merely waiting for thy re-erection morn,
When thou shalt come again, reclothed, reborne.
Beta.
STICKINA NOSITIS.
D efinition:
A common, somewhat contagious disease marked anatomically
by atrophy of Clanchi ' c convolution (the modest
sense area) with compensatory hypertrophy and sticky
degeneration of the tip of the nose—comparable in some
respects with the suckers of the leech.
Historical:
The first authentic case in Medical Records is that
of Peeping Tom of 'Coventry, who exhibited all the
classical symptoms with fatal results. Doubtless thousands
of scattered cases have occurred before this, although not
on actual record. 'Of interest in this connection is the
story of (Clodius, who became interested' in the rites of
the Vestal Virgins. The story is more graphically than
scientifically told by Livy.
J. GR,947HyqM & SONS,
178 COLLINS STREET, MELBOURNE
Boxing, Wrestling, Jui-Jitsu, Deep Breathing,
Clubs.
20 YEARS' ESTABLISHED.
We Specialize in Medical Physical Training. 'Phone 9658 Central.

Etiology:
THE SPECULUM. May, 1921.
The disease is not limited to any particular race or
geographical situation, but seems to be common among—
(1) Single ladies of uncertain age.
(2) ;Commercial travellers.
(3) Postmen.
(4) 4th and 5th Year Medical Students.
The latter class is remarkable rather for the acuteness
of the disease than the number of cases—most often in
the female.
Immunity:
Not all exposed to the disease are susceptible, some apparently
possessing a natural immunity. An acquired immunity
may he developed in sensitive cases by carefully
regulated periods of contact with acute cases, causing them
to develop a strong negative chemiotaxis towards the
sufferers.
We may recognise the following types of infection :-
1. Transient Sub -acute.
E.g.. That developed sporadically by small boys on
Telephone Central 2061.
To Remind You
that our Shirts and Py-
jamas have the same indi-
viduality in Style and Make
as our other Productions.
Our mannfacturing standard
for years past justifies, we think,
our asking that you give consideration
to our
Shirts & Pyjamas
FOR
Spring and Summer.
JAMES THELWELL & CO.,
254 Collins Street, Melbourne.
41

- May, 1921.
THE SPECULUM.
summer nights in suburban parks and the epidemic form
causing emboli in the city traffic arteries.
2. Recurring.
E.g.. The periodical attacks developed by Professors
in August, with the milder secondary outbreak in December.
.3. Acute.
Sufferers from this form rarely live long enough for
complete symptoms to be elicited by a competent observer.
The classical example is the man who dropped a match
in a barrel of T.N.T., being curious as to the probable
result.
Other well known cases are the young Lady of France,
etc.
Symptoms:
The period of Incubation varies within the widest limits.
The onset is usually insidious, but may be sudden.
The patient usually renders diagnosis easy by his appearance,
exhibiting a peculiar meaningless expression
which he intends to shoW marked mental alertness.
He presents the appearance of a small-minded, selfish,
hard-faced, shrivelled-souled opportunist—the cerebral de- .
generation in this disease producing marked and immediate
changes in facial expression.
A classical case is that reported by Kurst : The
patient, Miss P. Destrian, tame under treatment for
generalised traumatic abrasions caused by her unfortu-
-nately exhibiting the following symptoms :—
( 1) Perpetual curiosity.
(2) Hypertrophy of the Epidermis.
(3) The Excessor Buttinski +.
(4) A marked negative cherniotaxis shown to her by
those naturally immune.
'These symptoms are usually present in toto when the
disease is fully developed. In the rare cases when No.
4 is either—
(a) absent ; or
(b) unable to exert its complete effect ;
the case is complicated, as the patient (as in the above
case) presents subjective symptoms due to the reaction of
the environment.
.Associated diseases are Popularity Fever, with acute generalised
Chills.
43

1 44 THE SPECULUM. May, 1921.
Other cases have been fully reported by—
Drs. .0. Varian.
Col. 0. Tomy.
'Erb. Duchenne.
Pat. Ella.
U. Reter.
Dan. D. Lion.
E. Jack U. Lator.
together with the Misses—
Olive Oil.
Ann. 0. Dyne.
Grace Ilis.
Pop. Liteal.
Mag. Sulph.
Treatment:
Some recommend Segregation. assuming an auto-cure.
For this to succeed the patients must withdraw the proverbial
digit—this, however, is out of date.
Others have obtained good results from a prolonged
course of Snubs. The concentrated Extract must be
used and pushed until tears (in the female) and a
malar flush (in the male) show as the result. Or, by
applying the following ointment to the affected part :—
R Pil. Sid Sule gr. iv.
Pulv. Snub gr. xxx.
Ext. B.P. Zwari Sic. gr. viii.
Molle Saponis q.s.
Ft. UnguEnt-Hughes as directed.
Prognosis:
In the sub-acute cases prognosis is generally good. As
Rabelais puts it, "Chat echaude craint l'eau froide." The
recurrent and chronic cases (see Mr. Kurst's case) are
helpless, and in spite of frequent exaceraberations or gutsers
the disease becomes progressively worse. The acute cases
are explosive.
To conclude, let me quote the eminent specialist in
acquired diseases, Dr. BuIsh: "Acute Stickina Nositis
has caused more trouble in the world than Japanese
matches or the Tantalising Treponema."
—O'Tornigan.

May, 1921. THE SPECULUM.
ON DIT
That it takes a happy girl to give the glad eye.
That any woman can get what she wants from a man.
That some get more than others.
That V.D. is the highest decoration.
That Society is composed of three sexes—men, women, and
clergymen.—Rev. H. R. Haweis.
That marriage is merely the picturesque gateway to a commonplace
state.
That the road there is narrow and circumscribed.
That some prefer the broad and easy highway.
'That scandal is the last resort of the middle-aged to obtain
notoriety.
That a boarding house is the mortuary for deceased reputations.
That war-damaged b (u) oys around Britain are now being
repaired.
'That fautes de mieux they were indispensable.
That a sin is not a sin when it's a pleasure.
That _ three's company, two's fun.
That posterity is the penalty of a faulty technique.
That the evils of obstetrics are due to the assumption
'by man of the erect attitude.—Eden's Text-book.
That in Eden we learn our obstets.
That our first parents learnt theirs there, too.
That Reggie Morrison is now holding the fiery sword.
That he said 'Omar was a Tumor.
That Mister Period has 'been in evidence.
That Hydrorrhcea is due to leaking.
That the Department of Public Health have condemned the
Women's Hospital.
That Sinclair says it's because the building is full of cracks.
That cogs may sometimes be loaded in the point through
bad fitting and d irtiness.—Un conscious statement in
Engineering Text-book.
That M-- took it into her head to make money.
That IChec. is to undergo an opei ation.
That they are going to remove his stick.
That we think such weapons should not be removed.
That some people still contribute to the Spec.
That we can't Pick'an choose'
That they still close at 6 p.m.
That we know where to get IT, all the same.
5

46 THE SPECULUM. May, 1921.
"I have often wondered how a beautiful woman regards her body.
The loveliness which I must seek outside myself sleeps on " the ivories
of her pure members.' She carries the incommunicable secret in
herself, in the texture of her own skin, and the contour of her own
breasts. She is the guardian of the hidden treasure which fills the
flowers and lives in the sunset."—W. N. P. Barbellion, in Enjoying Life
(1919).
Life is like our first Mother, a temptress and a seducer :
a woman whose wilful caprice has wrecked our youth, and whose
cold denial has made our manhood an unprofitable adventure.
But, though we no longer believe in her with a child-like faith,
her charm remains irresistible. She is our mistress. W e
have no illusions, yet we go on living, because life has
a feminine fascination for us. Once in our docile and dreamy
infatuation we clothed her in the virgin vestments of candid
innocence. Now we see her without the encumbrance of
clothes, and is she not more wonderful in spite of her
nakedness? She has no heart; but her is sweet like
a ripe fig, and her limbs are delicate and an d desirable. We

fl
May, 1921. THE SPECULUM. 47
know she is cruel : she is pitilessly hard, revengeful and relentless.
But she is unique. And the next generation will
bow, even as we did, to her girlish charm, ere they fall
victims to this terrible mistress.
We know that the impulse towards truth is rare ; that
few people care for it passionately, and fewer stilt for
the elemental beauty which may Only endure when : truth
has gone to its making. And so most people live by
their illusions, creating new ones when the old ones are
shed. In the dark night of doubt, in the extremity of
grief, saddened by the consciousness of life's tragedy,
illusion alone can shed its balm on those souls seemingly
broken by the irony of all earthly endeavour. But in Youth
we hold fast to our, unshakable faith in Lady Life. We
declare our guilty love for her as we watch the moon
swinging her silver lamp among the Pleiades, or hear
the boom of waves pounding on a distant headland ; or,
lying full-length on the earth among the lambent grass,
we dream of her secret venery.
When life has ceased to intoxicate us, we see no reason
to liye.
VERSE AND WORSE.
With appalling fecundity, in these later days, Pegasus
litters the earth with minor poets—youths who persist in
trying to turn impressionistic prose in amorphous verse
which they call " free." Reversing the order of all authentic
creation, these apostles of the new dispensation have pieced
together, largely out of old shreds, elaborate theories of
poetry, have published programmes and manifestoes, and
put a premium on subtlety, perversity and nastiness. Poetry
has become the specialised vice of poetasters and prosateurs,
who, seized with the epilepsy of versifying, segregate in
"schools" or create c(itetcles, where art degenerates into artifice:
But the " new poetry " in all its pristine purity is
scarcely less than a peevish orgy of misdirected abnormality,
such as, one imagines, would find fitting place on the
tables in the waiting-room of a private sanatorium. This,
for example, by Mr. Herbert 'Read :---
5
Does the hard horizon
Give release?

48 THE SPECULUM. May, 1921.
Well, higher,
against the wider void the immaculate
angels of lust
Lean on the swanbreasts of heaven.
The greater part of present day " poetry " is the outcome
of literary "stunting," practised by all who seek to call
attention to themselves on the ground of originality. The
world is full of ineffectual people who desire to write and
who desire to attract attention and win praise by their
writings. They resort to charlatanry and mystification_
anything to gain the reputation of " newness." They pursue
any elliptical route in their efforts to escape the obvious.
Here is a poem called "Autumn Night" :-
The moon is as complacent as a frog. . . .
She reaches her long white shivering fingers into the
bowels of men.
She is Death enjoying Life,
Innocently,
Lasciviously.
The net result of which is of no more significance than the
sacred syllable, "Urn," muttered by the untutored savage
who fanatically stares at his navel, the circular symbol of
eternity. The simple truth is that the incomprehensible
" stunt "—an unrhymed sequence of incongruous events—is
the best one ever invented for the benefit of writers otherwise
foredoomed to sterility. T. 8. Eliot, having volplaned in
vers libre, has published a variety of florid nonsense, like :-
and
"He laughed like an impossible foetus."
"Midnight shakes the memory
As a madman shakes a dead geranium."
And Ezra Pound, fearing to impair the perfection of the
following inspiration :—
Spring . . . .
Too late . ' . .
Gongula . . . .
publishes it as it stands in a volume of verse to be had
at something like 6/-. Such examples are typical of the
fungoid growths of pretentious imposters led astray into
the pitiful madhouse of vapid drivel. These " artists " in
the opaque will attach themselves to anything which will
yield publicity. One finds them scattered in strange places-

May, 1921. THE SPECULUM. 49
this progeny of an unhappy muse—perverting prose into the
semblance of poetry, heroes of - dry biscuit parties in Godforgotten
studios, the madness and despair of senescent virgins.
They blister the Iburgeoisie with their blatancies as all revolutionaries
have done, from the macabre merry-making of
Huysmans to the undraped eroticism of Pierre Louys.
They are still at it, and James Joyce is the latest cry, nay,
his poem, "Ulysses," is the ultimate scream:—
Bronze by gold heard the hoofirons, steelyringing.
Imperthnthn thnthnthn.
Chips, picking chips off rocky thumbnails,
Chips.
Horrid! And gold flushed more,
A husky fifenote blew.
Blew. Blue bloom is on the
Gold pinnacled hair.
A jumping rose on satiny breasts of satin,
Rose of Castile.
Etc., etc.
Yet in all this ruck and welter of Futurists, Imagists,
-Vorticists, Verslibrists, and other wild animals from the
No-man's land of Art, how many will stand the test of
time? How many have found great things, and said them
greatly? At best, and within narrow limits, verslibre can
achieve a pregnancy of phrase, vividness of passion and occasional
aptness of cadence to light the passing mood or fix
the quintessence of a sensation, but it can never be the
Ultima Thule of poetic perfection. Its adherents are victims
of the prevailing restlessness which arrogates eccentricity
to power and assumes that the old ways have been trodden
down so hard that they are incapable of bearing flowers. It
is a delusion that spells sterility. The old herbaceous borders
are full of perennials still.
—R.S.E.
REVIEWS.
RADIANT MOTHERHOOD.—By Marie Stopes.
Marie Stopes sees marriage as a romance. She delights
in her literary accouchement of humanity. Man, woman and
child form for her a holy trinity. For the masses of
people reared in the unventilated atmosphere of Puritanism,
- to whom sex is a sealed book, " Radiant Motherhood " may

50 THE SPECULUM. May, 1921.,
indeed strike a new and delightful attitude towards the vexed"
questions of married love.
The following list of recent medical books is to hand
from Melville and Mullen :-
Back & Edwards.-"Surgery." 1921. 18/6.
Bishop, E. S.-"The Narcotic Drug Problem." 1920. 12/-.
Bland-Sutton, Sir J.-"Selected Lectures and Essays," in-
cluding ';`Ligaments: Their Nature and Morphology."
1920. 20/-.
Cannon, W. B.-"Bodily Changes in Pain, Hunger, Fear and
'Rage." An account of recent researches into the function
of emotional excitement. 1920. 18/6.
Clayton, E. B.-"Medical Gymnastics in Medicine and Surgery."
1920. 7/-.
Cope, Z.-"Surgical Aspects of Dystentry-including Liver-
'Abscess." 1920. 17/6.
Crow, P. A.-"Pyorrhoea ;Alveolaris"-in its clinical aspect ;
with a foreword by Sir Frank Colyer. 1921. 8/6.
Fuller, Sir B.-"The Science of Ourselves." (A sequel to
"The Descent of Man.") 1921. 21/,
Henderson, I. F. & W. D.-"A Dictionary of , Scientific
Terms, Pronunciation, Derivation, and Definition of
Terms in Biology, Botany, Zoology, Anatomy, 'Cytology,
Embryology, Physiology." 1920. 24/-.
Jameson & Marchant.-" Hygiene." Specially intended for -
those studying for a Diploma in Public Health. 1920.
24/-.
Jex-Blake, A. J.-"Physical Signs in the Chest and Abdo-
, men." 1921. 12/-.
Knox, A. & R.-"General Practice and X-Rays." A handbook
for the general practitioner and student. 1921.
12/-.
Lay, W.-"Man's Unconscious Passion." 1921. 14/6.
Macewen, J. A. C.-"Fractures, Compound Fractures, Dis-
locations, and Their Treatment." 11919. 17/6.
Ohdfield, C.-"Herman's Difficult Labour." Illus. 1920.
20/-.
Parker, G.-"The Early History of Surgery in Great Britain."
1920. 8/6.
Redding, J. M.---`Aids to Electro-Therapeutics." 1920. 7/-.
Reid, Sir G. A.-"Prevention of Venereal Disease." 1921.
20/-.

May, 1921. THE SPECULUM. 54
Spencer, W. G.—"Animal Experiments and Surgery." 1920.
8/6.
Underwood, 'B.—"Dentistry." Illustrated. 1920. 12/6.
Williams, G.—"Minor Surgery and Bandaging." 1920. 12/6.
Wilson, R. 'M.—"The Care of Human 'M'achinery" 1921.
14/6.
THE VALLEY OF SHADOWS.
" Bedivits are not for Bedouins. . . ."
After travelling for many years on the high plains of
perfect health, I realised one night that I was entering a
strange country : pains in my limbs and body, feeling of
chilliness and then of burning heat made me feel that
bed and sleep were called for. But some strange change
had affected them also—the bed was hard and cold, and
sleep was not as I had ever before understood it. I
had drifted into the miasmatic land of bog and fever
caused 'by a mixed streptococcal infection.
'On either side were to 'be seen the gradually rising hills
of Pyrexia. The peaks were of uneven, and some of great,
height, and in the space between them was the stream at
the :bottom—the ever racing and irregular pulse. At each
turn of the valley the peaks drew closer and higher,
and in the dark shadows cast by them, weird and most horrible
figures flitted from side to side. I seemed to know
them all in some forgotten existence. "Triangle" was one
of them. What he did there and why, I have no idea ;
but he kept on asserting his right to take a leading part
in everything that occurred. There were several others,
but "Triangle" came to be the most dreaded. When I tried
to stop his unwelcome attentions by going to sleep matters
were worse, for the whole valley filled with a dark, depressing
mist full of terrifying dream-figures, each holding me
down, and at the same time with accusing voices upbraiding
me for lying there, summoning me to important and
urgent work.
The strain was too much. I woke up, and looking straight
into my eyes was my doctor friend, who, I remembered,
was looking after me.
"You've had a rough passage," he said; "two or three
days more, and you'll see it out."

52 THE SPECULUM. May, 192 1
"What about ' Triangle' and his friends?" I asked.
"That's all right, old man. Bye-bye."
And so .1 was left to face it : two or three days, when
every minute was full of pain, of terror, and the dread
demons racing across the valley
The pulse still raced at the bottom of the valley ; and
with it drifted, till at last, mirable dictu, signs of
daylight seemed visible over the broadening and lowered
peaks of Pyrexia. Surely the stream is slower and broader,
and I was drifting towards a peaceful lake. Am I really
lying peacefully, resting on a bed free from pain and
terror—let me sleep again
When next I woke a saw things more clearly. I was
through the valley, but still at the bottom. I rested there
awhile, and then essayed the long climb up again to
where I started.
I never knew before the happy roads I had travelled.
I wonder if you do !
G.W.
AROUND THE HOSPITALS.
Melbourne
Since the last issue of the Stec. appeared, we have all
gone through another stage of our metamorphosis from pupa
to pauper. Many of the mercifully endowed are looking
for a car and cane in Collins-street, and some of them,
again, are still looking for the examiners.
The coming Fifth Year. prospering by the experiences
of their predecessors, are being spurred on to a phase of
mental diarrhoea, or is it constipation !
Our large but energetic hunch of babes are now thinking
in terms of sugar and systoles, and are ceasing to look
blank when Wilkie mentions "an ounce of butter and a
banana."
A mysterious, yet beautiful, disease is insinuating itself
into our midst. Verily, there is a divinity as well as a
scalpel that shapes our ends. The disease is usually chronic,
and may 'be of an acute and remittent type. (Vide Ashcroft,
D.S.). The etiology is somewhat vague, but the
disease seems to be most prevalent amongst those who

# #
May, 1921. THE SPECULUM. 53
'shortly hope to creep from , under: the shroud of their
parental Oscar. The Morbid Anatomy is usually definite and
characteristic. There is general muscular atrophy with the
exception of the flexois, and supinators of the right arm and
forearm, and the similarly acting muscles of the left forearm.
Not infrequently the cremasters and bulbo-cavernosus
show marked hypertrophy, and in the case of one unfortunate
youth an advanced state of myositis ossificans was
discovered in the latter.
As regards symptoms, the onset is usually sudden, accompanied
by rigors, chilliness, and pain in the back and
limbs. The face is usually flushed, and the pulse
fluctuates from day to day. Insomnia or disturbed sleep
is common, and the patient becomes forgetful and talks
to himself. In spite of his lassitude, he will show great
excitement on occasions as when, for example, the telephone
tinkles or the postman purle'.
In mild cases convalescence usually lasts about two or
three days. Complications are common. Poverty is followed
by complete organisation of the opposed sides of
the trousers pockets through disuse. Nervous disorders are
shown by an accentuated knee jerk. ,Coccal infection may
be present in rare cases. The visual changes are remarkable,
yet characteristic ; all persons appearing blurred and
unimportant with the exception of one.
Prognovis.—In confirmed cases the outlook is bad, but
the disease may be arrested by matrimony, the younger the
patient the more likely and the more rapid is the fatal
issue.
Treatment.—First, the patient needs a brisk mercurial
purge, and. while Osier recommends a couple of hoot leather
enemata, our friend Miller, the gunman, advocates
the use of C/1:101. He should be encouraged to associate
with male companions and indulge in sports and other
exercises. Preparations by Foster and V. B. Itter are also
useful during convalescence. And now, James Leontine and
others. take the hint !
The great M. Stewart Horatius held the bridge, or
rather, the bridge of his nose, or even his bridges. He
looked round—he was not round, but he looked round.
Seizing the opportunity in the right hand, we drew the
disinfected curtain back with a click. What met our
gaze? Was it two lizards and a gum leaf, or merely

54 THE SPECULUM. May. 1921.
two loafers and a gumma? Nay, We will tell you in
strict confidence. It was neither.
'Twas the spotted darkie
Who sailed the wintry sea;
A giant black, with spotted hack,
A Bollicky Bill was he.
The argument waxed terrific,
But Mervyn none would pass.
"That ain't no blanky chicken-pox,
But small-pox on his skin.
So get ye hence, ye sceptics
Who such a rash would doubt."
With that remark to Sheepy Park,
He kicked the blighter out.
Samuel Pepys Visits the Alfred.
Up betimes, dressing myself in my new cloathes, being
resolved to venture abroad. So to the Alfred Hospital,
where on arriving to see a large notice telling the needs
of the institution. Whereupon, having some of my wife's
money in my pocket, to place 4d. in the receptackle, as
M. Mann descends the stairs. This for me a very evil
mischance and to wish I had given crowns instead of
pence. She to reassure me, however, thinking I have given
largely, and to thank me most graciously. To my great
satisfaction.
It did amuse me beyond anything, to see the stewdents
"getting of their roll," Some to get it at 9; some to .get
it at 10 of the clock ; others to get it in the cervickle
region; and what will 'be the end of them all, God knows!
'Presently to hear the wondrous sound of the pibroch ;
.which did stir me beyond anything, being half 'Scotch:
Grandfather Pepy's spending a Xmas. holyday in Aberdeen
100 years ago come St. Swithin's Day. Then to see'
Mackeddie aprancing and asing,ing,. very pretty to see,
and would make a hit on the musick halls if he so minded.
Drinking tea with the stewdents ; and they to tell me
stories of A. 'Anderson and 0. Buck, whereat all merrie.
Presently to take me to O. Patients, and seeing so many -
sick of the colick and the rheum. did grieve me beyond any-
thing. But, 'Lord! to see the chirurgeons doing everything
for nothing, did shame me, so that I decided to always;

May, 1921. THE SPECULUM. 55
take water with my Whiskey, instead of the spa's, come
May 1st.
What did please me beyond anything was to see the
nurses; a 'fine body of comely wenches as ever I saw. But
the way their cloathes be held together with Mead's strapping
did give me a sudden fitt of panicle lest worse befall.
But nothing happened, for which I do praise God!
To the pathologickal laboratory to see many fine specimens
and A. Trinca.
And so home.
St. Vincent's
Since the last issue of Spec. our Fifth Year (that was)
has been through the storm. Mingled joy and sadness,
clinking of glasses, and gnashing of teeth are the result.
We congratulate the new medical men, four of whom re- -
ceive their issue of long white garments on May 1st. To
those on whom fortune has not smiled we commend Newman,
who said somewhere that the Unieyrsity man has a gift
with which failure and disappointment have a charm. In
handing round congratulatiOns, Pat and the Jew must not
be forgotten, nor Basil, the newly wed.
Next we mention Mr. Devine, who recently entertained
the Fourth and Fifth Years at his home in 'St. Kilda-road.
H.D. gave a very interesting and original lecture on the
surgery of the stomach, illustrated by means of a wonderful
machine, of which our host apparently was very proud.
Later, we adjourned to the dining-room. Here the 'boys
distinguished themselves in a rush for the coffee and barley
water. Dr. T.T., as senior man, took charge, and manipulated
the opener in no amateurish way. We 'take this.
opportunity of thanking Hughie and Mrs. Devine for a
very enjoyable evening.
Things are very quiet about the hospital these days.
We'4 lost Scotch; Bolshie and Johnnie Byrne are recovering
somewhere, the solo players have folded their tents
like the Arabs, and even the pleasant midday lunch gatherings
of last term are a memory.
An atmosphere of work pervades 'the place. All Fifth
have the wind up about August and March, principally
August. We forgive them their solemnity, since they
must take things quietly. Even Dick and Basil are subdued.
We hear from O.P. that Lux, our Wasserman expert,
has topped his century.

:56 THE SPECULUM. May, 1921.
In Fourth it is brighter, but then they have Clance and
Sol and Mac (Doctor) and others, whose funny little ways
deserve mention in these columns.
Tom, the motor mechanic, a very prominent figure when
we returned from Xmas vac., providing much amusement
for the nursing staff, now conforms to prevailing tonsorial
fashion. Clance, our coming surgeon, would have it denied
that he does the gastroenterostomies at St. V.'s. He has,
no doubt, however, that the honoraries (Murray and the gyno
people especially) appreciate his sound advice and assisttance.
Darcy, one of our students, looks in occasionally; we
all hope to improve the acquaintance after August.
And this reminds us of the Path. stakes. Andie has a
good string of colts this year; one or two should be
placed. We notice, however, that J.H. no longer assures
us gravely that Ray got the Ex. on Harry's notes.
Bucko, Frank and the Jew report the discovery of a
specific for the diplococcus pharyngis siccus. Exact details
are not available, but 4 per cent. absolute is essential.
These notes would be incomplete without a reference to
'our special pride in O.P.
, Years ago we read in Spec. :—
C. Gordon's affability
And absolute tranquillity
When giving us a clinic
Or a useful haematinic
Are really quite amazing,
Just absolutely dazing.
And so on; and meeting him we see reason for the appreciation.
We suggest that certain clinicians attend one
Monday or Thursday and see how our talking text-book,
Gordon, draws the crowd.
Police Sergeant : "The next case, your Honour, is one
of arson."
His Honour "Dear, dear me! This is a most serious.
crime! Is the unfortunate boy in court?"

May, 1921. THE SPECULUM. 57
CORRESPONDENCE
WHAT'S WRONG WITH THE M.S:S.
To the Editor, Speculum.
Dear Sir,—
A review of the recent activities of the M.S.S. disclosesan
appalling degree of apathy among the majority of medical
students in the doings of our society, and suggests the
question—"What's wrong with the M.S.S.?" That there
is something wrong is perfectly obvious to those who have
the interests of the society at heart; as instances, one might
mention the last Hare and Hounds Run, which was attended
by a mere handful of enthusiasts ; the Annual Dinner, which
is surely the brightest spot (or aggregate of "spots") in
the academic year, at which only about twenty students were
present; the 'Ball, which, according to the Annual Report,
lacked the whole-hearted support of the students; the
Annual Meeting, attended by less than a hundred and fifty
members ; the Speculum, which is sustained almost entirely
by the efforts of half a dozen workers—and yet the
strength of the society is about seven hundred!
Undoubtedly t'here is something wrong, but whether the
fault is with the individual student or with the constitution
of the society is not so apparent; it would not be unreasonable
to suggest that both conditions contribute to the present
state of affairs. It is not the purpose of this letter, however,
to study the shortcomings of the individual student, but
rather to examine the constitution of the society, and an
endeavour will be made to indicate to what extent our
present state is due to faulty organisation.
As presently constituted, the society, with a membership
of approximately seven hundred, is distributed between the
University and the three hopsitals, and is thus composed
of four distinct bodies, 'whose everyday interests are ' as
widely diverse as their geographical situation. Students in
the First, Second and Third Years at the University have
little in common with Fourth and Fifth Year men at
the hospitals, who, in turn, being removed from the University,
can have little sympathy with the affairs of their
fellows in the junior years ; likewise, men at one hospital
are not greatly interested in the other hospitals. Consequently,
the present system of representation of the various
Years on the 'Committee is only partly satisfactory to First,.

:58 THE SPECULUM. May, 1921.
Second, and Third Year men, while it is decidedly inadequate
in the case of hospital students. For example, all the
Fourth and Fifth Year representatives may be in one hospital,
with the result that men at the other hospitals have
- no representation as such on the M.S.S. Committee; neither
have they any official representation to their respective hospital
authorities, except through their "Year Reps." at another
hospital.
The above-mentioned flaws in the organisation of the
Society lead to corresponding difficulties in its administration,
and the duties of the executive are consequently exceed:ingly
onerous; the result is that office-bearers ; who, as a
rule, are senior men, must either neglect their studies to
,carry on the M:S.S. business, or neglect the M.S.S. to attend
, to their exams.—the former is unfair to the men them-
, selves; the latter, bad for the M.S.S. It is unreasonable
to expect men engaged in the work of Fourth and Fifth
Years to carry on the administration of a scattered, unorganised
society of seven hundred students.
It will thus be seen that the present constitution of the
M.S.S. leaves much to be desired, and to overcome the difficulties
indicated above, it is suggested that the society be
re-organised into four branches—one at the University, and
one at each of the three hospitals—each branch having its
own executive. The four branches would send representatives
to a central "Council," which would thus constitute
the governing body of the whole organisation.
Considering the effects of such a change upon the various
"Years," it will he seen that First, Second and Third Year
men, having their branch, would take more interest
in the M.S.'S. than at e present, when their affairs are largely
governed by hospital men whom they scarcely ever see;
also, their committee, having no hospital work to claim
their attention, could devote all their energy to University
.matters concerning their own Years. In the case of the senior
Years, the students at each hospital. would form a properly organised
body, not only adequately represented on the central
"Council," but also having "M.S.S." representation before
the hospital authorities. With regard to administration,
the work would be distributed among four branch executives,
instead of being carried out by one, as at present,
and the executive work of the central "Council" would be
comparatively small in amount.

- May, 1921.
THE SPECULUM. 59
In such a re-organisation, the present scattered, unwieldy
state of the society would be replaced by compact and easily
administered branches, in which would develop strong "esprit
de corps," fostered by healthy rivalry in all the activities
-of the M.S.S., to the unquestionable advancement of the
whole society.
It is not proposed to include in this letter full details
of the scheme outlined above, but should the suggestion
,commend itself to members as a means of reviving the oldtime
spirit of the M.S.S., the earliest opportunity will be
- taken to submit the proposal, in full detail, to the Society.
Yours, etc.,
18.4.21. C.W.C.
COMMENTARIES.
MEDICAL.
(Dr. R. H. Strong, Hon. Physician, M.H.)
H.M., male, aged 39 years. married, motor driver, complains
of pain in theright chest and cough.
Previous History.—Asthmatic attacks in childhood. Gonorrhoea
and Syphilis 12 years ago. Pneumonia and pleurisy one
year ago.
Present Illness.—He has had frequent colds during August,
September, and October. In December he was seized with
severe cough, and pain in the right chest, expectorated fair
amount of sputum, which was at times blood tinged. Was
treated for three weeks, and later resumed work. Two months
-ago he had to give up on -account of weakness.
Examination.--A 'big man, with swollen face, lips, and
- neck, and some exophthalmos. Dyspnoea. Voice husky.
Periodic attacks of coughing. Dilated superficial veins over
whole chest extending to lower border of the ribs. Chest well
developed. Expansion greater on left than on right side.
Dullness to the right of sternum as low as second rib. In-
creased tactile fremitus, marked bronchial breathing, increased
-vocal resonance and coarse rales. Posteriorly dullness extending
to midscapular region, with bronchial breathing and
-increased vocal resonance and tactile fremitus. At the right
_base, dullness with absent fremitus, resonance, and breath
sounds. Heart.—Apex impulse not seen nor felt. Action
regular, frequent. Sounds clear, pulmonary 2nd and aortic
2nd sounds not -accentuated. Pulse.—Good volume and ten-
-sion. B.E., 110/85.—Abdominal walls much fat. Few
punched out scars on both legs. Temperature.-99 degrees

60 THE SPECULUM. May, 1921..
evening and normal morning. Respiration, 20. Leucocy-tes
7600-10,000. Haemoglobin, 90 per cent. Wasserman negative.
Urine.-1018 acid, no albumen, no sugar. Sputum. —
Considerable amount, mucopurulent, contains pneumococci and
gram negative bacilli. No tubercle bacilli found. X-ray
shows dullness as low as 4th rib in front on right side, of
even density and no mottlings. Lower dullness higher in axillary
than in median line, and not changing with position of
the patient. Left lung appears normal. Heart not displaced,
but the arch is displaced downward and to the left. No difficulty
in swallowing.
Discuss the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of this case.
(Dr. R. H. Strong has offered a prize of £1 is. for the ibest
solution to the above commentary.—Ed. Steculual.)
SURGICAL.
(Mr. H. B. Devine, Hon. Surgeon, St. Vincent's.)
Patient J.K., aged 41, was well until 14 months ago, .
when he got an attack of pain over the region of the
left kidney, which was very severe, and lasted about 12
hours. He did not vomit, had no temperature, and his pulse
was 80. A few hours after onset of pain he passed a
considerable quantity of blood in the urine.
He was apparently well for 10 months, when he began
to get attacks about once a week of a somewhat similar
nature, except that the pain radiated down the left abdomen
into the scrotum, and was a ssociated with some pain and
frequency of micturition. Each attack lasted from 12 to
15 hours, and was associated with a good deal of collapse,
and morphia was necessary to relieve the pain. With each
attack there was hematuria. He had lost 5 lbs. in weight
in 12 months, but had a fair appetite. He looked slightly
anaemic. He was able to work except when he had an
attack.
An A-ray showed no stone in the kidney or ureter, and
his left kidney could not be felt. His bladder was cystoscoped,
and a small sessile tumour, about as large as the tip
of the little finger, was seen on bladder near the orifice of
the left ureter. The ureters were catheterised, and urine
from each kidney was found to contain no pus or blood
cells. This small growth, which looked like a sessile
papilloma, was removed by a supra-pubic operation on
the supposition that it was the cause of the bleeding.

May, 1921. THE SPECULUM.
He was well for two months, and then again got an
attack of colicv pain over the left kidney and ureter, and
passed blood in the urine. He was re-examined with the
cystoscope during an attack, and it was found that the
ureteral catheter drew very blood-stained urine from the
left ureter and clear urine from the right. At this time
his left kidney could just be palpated, and was slightly
tender.
Discuss the diagnosis and management of the case.
Dr. Devine has offered a prize of Zs is. for the best solution
of the above Commentory.--Ed. Speculum.)
POST-GRADUATION STUDY.
All who are interested in the matter recognise that post-graduate medical
instruction in London, and indeed throughout the kingdom, has in the
past been hopelessly deficient. Before the war the best known and
largest centres for post-graduate study were those of Austria and Germany,
whither for the purpose of "finishing" their medical education, or
acquiring knowledge of the technique of special subjects, large numbers
of medical graduates of England, America, and other nations were accustomed
year by year to journey. More recently it has been recognised
that other nations, which have made more numerous and more significant
contributions to the advancement of medical and surgical knowledge
than have the Teutons, possess at least equally abundant and appropriate
material for graduate teaching and study. During the last few years the
provision in Great Britain of opportunities for study by qualified practitioners
has received much attention, and it has been widely acknowledged
that the extension and proper co-ordination of this provision are
greatly to be desired. In London several institutions, whose teaching
was designed and is available for practitioners only, have been at work
with praiseworthy zeal for some years past, but a comprehensive organisation
has been iacking.
Towards the end of 1918 the Fellowship of Medicine was founded in
London. Its object was to draw together the members of the medical
profession of all the inter-allied countries for the exchange of medical
knowledge and the advancement of medical science. As a result of the enterprise
and enthusiasm of the Fellowship an emergency post-graduate
course was held in the early part of 1919 for the benefit of medical officers
of the Navy, the R.A.M.C., the Royal Air Force, and of the
Dominions, the United States, and the allied countries. The teaching
schools in the metropolis co-operated in the course, and daily lectures
and demonstrations en general and special subjects were given. This
emergency course was greatly appreciated, and similar courses were arranged
subsequently. and are still maintained.
In the meanwhile, and for many months previously, the establishment
of a permanent post-graduate association in London had been under consideration.
The object was to plan a national scheme for post-gradua-'
tion training with London as its centre. On October 24th, 1919, an im-'
6

62 THE SPECULUM. May, 1921.
portant forward step was taken in the amalgamation of the Fellowship
of Medicine and the Post-Graduate Medical Association. The amalgamated
"Fellowship of Medicine and Post-Graduate Medical Association"
has established, on what is hoped to be a permanent basis, a graduate
course which is now conducted at twelve London medical schools and
twenty-three other London hospitals. ahe officers of the Fellowship of
Medicine and the Post-Graduate Medical Association are: President. Sir
George Makins; chairman of the Executive Committee, Sir Humphrey
Rolleston; and the honorary secretaries, Sir John V. W. I'vlacAlister, Mr.
Philip Franklin, and Mr. Herbert J. Paterson. At present the business
of the Fellowship of Medicine and the Post-Graduate Medical Association
is conducted at the house of the Royal Society of Medicine, 1 Wimpole-street,
W.1. This arrangement is temporary, and it is hoped that as
the organisation expands along the broad lines laid down in the 1919
scheme of the Post-Graduate Medical Association it will secure a permanent
central home.
In December last an important pronouncement on the future requirements
of post-graduate work in this country was made by Sir Clifford
Allbutt, the late Sir William Osier, Sir George Al akins, Lord Dawson,
Dr. J. D. Adami, and Sir Humphrey Rolleston. Their main point was
that to ensure the success of any comprehensive scheme in London it
would be necessary to have one or more post-graduate teaching hospitals
adequately provided in all departments, and including a laboratory for
clinical investigation and pathological research. Since time would not
permit of the building and equipment of a new hospital for the purpose,
they appealed to the Government to help in equipping one or more of the
large general hospitals in London for graduate teaching exclusively.
These 'post-graduate hospitals, it was suggested, should provide themselves
with such a teaching staff as wonjd be second to none, if not
superior, to any other throughout the world. B.M.J., 4/10/20.
MEDICAL EDUCATION OF WOMEN.
Women are admitted to all the medical examinations of the following
qualifying bodies: All the universities of Great Britain, with the exception
of Cambridge; the Royal College of Physicians of London, and the
Royal College of Surgeons of England; the Society of Apothecaries of
London; the Conjoint Boards of Scotland and of Ireland. The B.M.
degree of the University of Oxford is now open to women.
tThe regulations of each body differ considerably, so that it is necessary
for a student to decide, before beginning her course, which degree
or diploma she will aim at obtaining. The ordinary regulations of the
General Medical Council must be observed, and women can pursue their
education either at certain schools only open to women, or at ordinary
schools where they do their work more or less in common with men
students.
The schools which admit women only are the London (Royal Free
Hospital) School of Medicine for Women, which is one of the constituent
schools of the Medical Faculty of the University of London, and
Queen Margaret College, Glasgow. Women are also admitted to the
schools of medicine in connection with King's College, University College,
Charing Cross Hospital, London Hospital, and St. Mary's Hospital,
London; the Universities of Dublin, St. Andrew's, Durham, Liverpool,

May, 1921. THE SPECULUM. 63
Manchester, Birmingham, Leeds, Sheffield, Bristol, and Aberdeen; St.
Mungo's College, Glasgow ; the Schools of Surgery of the Royal College
of Surgeons in Ireland and of the National University of Ireland in .
Dublin, Cork, and Galway. Women can also attend classes for the first
three years of the medical curriculum at University College, Cardiff.
Year by year the openings for women who adopt a medical career have
increased, and the field open to their energies is now wide. Women
hold many appointments as resident medical officers in general hospitals
and in hospitals for women and children all over the country, and in a
large number of sanatoriums, infirmaries, fever hospitals, and asylums.
Many medical women are also engaged in public health, tuberculosis, and
school inspection work. Further, it is now possible for medical women
to hold staff appointments at a number of London and provincial hospitals,
to become prison medical officers, and to take charge of infant welfare
centres and venereal disease clinics.
B.M. J., 4 / 10/20.

64 THE SPECULUM, May, 1921.
C. Atkins—D.P.H., Oxford.
Wickins, H. F.—Rainbow.
Rupert Downes—In-patient surgeon, Melb. "Kids' " ; clinical
assistant, A.H.
Mapleston—Director of Institute of Tropical Medicine,
Queensland. Sails for England in July.
A. Le Soeuf—Clinical Assistant O.P. physician; A.H. Private,
Camberwell.
Len Lillies—H on. anaesthetist, A.H.
"Bunny" Cato—Caught in the matrimonial net—strangulation
shortly.
"Paddy" Moran—Breaking the hearts of the nursing staff,
(Children's Hospital—not married yet.
"Vin" Brown—Married.
J. H. Cumpston—Director-General of Health and Director of
Quarantine.
Harold Dew—F.R.C.S., Eng. Tutor in Ormond, and Collins-street.
J. S. Green—"Kids'," Newcastle-on-Tyne.
Harry 'Savige—Brisbane General, known to the police.
Bill Sangster—F.R.C.S., Eng.; Eye and Ear, Adelaide.
Jack Morlet—Great Ormond-st. "Kids'," London; F.R.C.S.,
Eng.
"Pos" Wollard—Middlesex Hospital ; lecturing in Anatomy.
Claude Wollard—Doing well with eyes, Perth, W.A.
Len Cox—Recovering from illness-, Sassafras.

V
DODGE BROTHERS
ROADSTER
THE IDEAL DOCTOR'S CAR
Owners have found that its economy
and its efficiency are unchanged
through the changing seasons . . .
It runs as well in Autumn as in Spring—in
Winter as in 'Summer—and at no greater cost.
Sole Representative.
Canada Cycle & Motor Co.
(Vic.) Pty Ltd.
334-346 Latrobe Street,
Melbourne.

Stethoscopes, Percussors & Dissecting Sets
— Wholesale Distributors of —
SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS :
WARNER & WEBSTER
240 SWANSTON STREET, MELBOURNE.
BRIAR
PIPES
We have the Largest and Finest Selection
of High-Class Pipes in Australia
{ITALIAN BRUYERE B.B.B. L. & CO
CHARATAN STRAIGHT GRAIN BARLING Etc.
G. Damman & Co.
TOBACCONISTS
Corner of Collins & Swanston Streets
and 79 Elizabeth Street
vi.

May, 1921. THE SPECULUM. 65
"Wally" Davenport---Off to London.
"Brickv" Stone—London, giving F.R.C.S. a "fly."
Chenoweth—Stewart Lecturer and allotting Cadavers.
Vic. Hurley—Elected Fellowship of Queen's College.
"Dum" Norris—Private, Camberwell; Hon. Children Dept.,
A.H. A daughter.
Sam Fitzpatrick—At Hamilton; a daughter ; Queen's, Tradi-
tion.
"Pat" Denehy--Committing matrimony.
Alf trinca—Back from Cancer Research. etc.; clinical path°
logist, A.H. Good to the students.
Charlie King—Private, Mt. Gambier.
Frank Trinca—Owns a daughter ; clinical assistant O.P. Physi-
cian, A.M.
"Ducks" Foreman—Still "quacking" at the Alfred.
Jack De Ravin, 'Charlie Ades--Registrars, A.H.
Jack Whitaker, "Bunny" Colville—Survived M.S. slaughter.
"Mickie !Cult"—Private and wife, Casterton.
F. I). I ermvn—N ow in charge of forts around Heads, and
incidentally running the Queenscliff Golf Club.
Elcote—Up at Echuca, getting fatter than ever.
Purnell—Geelong. .
"Pard" Davies—Still the big hit in local sport at Violet Town.
Colin Macdonald—Running a wife and practice at Warracknabeal.
"Dug" Thomas—M.D.; private, 'Canterbury; Beany Scholar,
Path.
"Bill" Newton, G. A. I3irnie—M.D.
I. A. L. Maxwell—M.D.; also lecturer in Clinical Physiology.
Gwen Wi ,.ewould—Private, E. !St. Kilda; also Hon. Anasthetist
A.H.
Fitchett—New' Norfolk, Tasmania.
Alberton—Port Fairy.
McCallum, F.—Quarantine Service, Brisbane.
Gandivia—Back from Naru.
"Toney" Wynne—Back from !Naru.
Peggy McLorinan—Still Hon. Gynaecologist, Queen Victoria
Hospital ; interested in Australian Institute of Anatomical
Research.
\Vinnie Kerman—Melb. Resident A.F.0.
"Don" Tregonning—Priyate, Claremont, W.A.; was over
here for a visit.
Torn Hendry—With his pipe at Geelong Hosp.
Butchart—C.H.
jack Clendennin—Flack from raiding X-Ray apparatus in
America.

THE SPECULUM. May, 1921.
"Baldv" Anderson—Eyes, etc., Collins-street.
'Long—Geelong Hospital.
Ellis Gillespie---Engaged.
Stuart Gibson—Macquarie-street, Hobart; maintaining his customary
calm in the face of imminent matrimony.
Bob Waterhouse—Launceston. A stern opponent of baulk-line
billiards. He much prefers the pocket game.
Bertie Woods—Goulburn, in private, and married, in public.
On his return from his honeymoon two of his rival practitioners
left the district; one per train, the other per charon,
hys ferrie. Owing to lack of evidence it was found impossible
to connect Bertie with either event.
Keith Doig—Colac with Arthur Brown. Married. Re-
cently took on the ration strength. One who will perpetuate
the name for at least one more generation.
Aral. Brownell.—Adelaide. Has a plate on "the Terrace," a
wife, a son, and a car. Suspected of acute cedema of the
bank balanc e as well.
Dan. McArthur.—Spring Street. Allowing patients to cough
in his face at a guinea a time.
Joe McLean.---Collins 'Street. Apprehends no world parity in
his particular "subjecks."
Aroldoo—Orthond, medical tutor. "Registering" on a cuspidor
and cursing electric radiators.
— Hills.—Eye and Ear. Doing the research on the removal
of foreign bodies from eves afflicted with nystagmus.
Hugh ie Melville.—Queensland. Repatriating Bananalanders..
In Melbourne recently studying the effect of locality on the
lead-swinging syndrome.
Westie Stephens.—Has sacrificed the social prestige of Toorak
for Brunswick. Waiting impatiently for the next census.
-Young Westie 14 days old, already showing prominent gluteal
development.
Frank Fay.—Glenferrie. Melbourne O.P.
Leckie.—Super., Kids, Brisbane. Tennis and tonsils.
Snikker Bouvier and Sutherland.—Kids, Brisbane.
Lardy Trumpy.—Super., Ipswich General. Married. Sic
transit .. .
Brandis.—Honeymoon. Locum for Trumpy.
Jacksons, jacko and Charles.—Well married. Private. Bris-
bane.
cShane.-41ookworm campaign. Touring Queensland.
Savage.--,General, Brisbane.
S. F. McDonald.—Kid's Specialist, Brisbane.

May, 1921. THE SPECULUM. 67
_J. S. C. Elkington.—On a public health tour of Java and the
East.
Douglas—Private, Toowoomba.
Holmes—Acting Chief Quarantine Officer, Brisbane.
'Stan. Langdon—Gladstone, Q.
- Snakes Morrissey—Private, Ingham, Q., where the populace
keep goats for recreation.
Peter Dinwoodie—Moe. much married.
Harold Downer—Still in England, nibbling at F.R.C.S.
Frank Martin—Hobart, aver French wife qui adore le Tasmanic
et le mi'decin.
Stewart Gibson—Helping Pa in Hobart. Engaged. Domestic
staff warned that he II1USt not be referred to as "Master
Stewart."
Eric Woods—Fair, fat and functionating, helping father at
AIbury. Thinking of bestowing himself on some unsuspecting
young thing—applications, with photograph, now
being received.
Stewart Ferguson—Still in Collins-street. Knows the compositions
of most infants' foods excellently; still "Jeff" has
good results.
J. G. Whitaker—Gone to Blighty. Looking for an F.R.C.S.
H. A. Lewers—On his way to England. Intends doing special
work.
A. W. Harley, C. EllingWorth—Both have hospital jobs in
England.
Norm Dale, "Spec" Jackson—P.M.O.'s at W.H.
Crawcour—Also at the Women's. Breeding rabbits, preparatory
to startling us with "some" news as to the reparative
power of tubes.
Noel Brown—Back from W.A. c. Mrs. Brown.
W. Albiston—Still at Port Fairy. Comes up to town periodically,
leaving Mrs. A. (nee Stang) to do the work.
Mervyn Stewart—A super. at W.H.; having an exciting time
.(small-pox, cricket match, and a fine all in the one week).
Sandy 1N/IcLorman—Still at Fairfield.
"Dick" Saltau—Children's, Adelaide.
W. H. Fitchett—Still at New Norfolk, Tasmania (that is—
if New Norfolk is still there).
Chas. Varlev—Has given up Maffra. Intends looking for
Hutchison's teeth on behalf of the ,Education Department.
- Bill Johnstone—Senior resident pathologist at the W.H. Makes
a very good "best man" (see Herald).
Ivan Coleraine—Coleraine with his father.
Everybody else—In Collins-street.

68 THE SPECULUM. May, 1921
HURRY ON PLEASE.
"Ah 1 At last. . . . That means you, Kukaburra."
I caught the "chit" which the O.C. flipped across the table to
me, and read, in the terse wording affected by the Higher Command,
"Detail one Nl.0. to proceed up-river by P8. AAA.
Hospital Wharf, AAA., 3 p.m. AAA."
As may be inferred from the O.C.'s comment we had been
for days past expecting some such order. "We" were an Ambulance
attached to one of the Indian Divisions of the Kut
relief force. It was a couple of weeks now since we had
landed in Mesopotamia, and each day we had seen boats go.
up-river past our camp. Each one was packed full of fighting
men oar, and we had idly speculated as to how long it
would take the Staff to realise that fighting means casualties,
casualties need medical attention, and it is usually considered
prudent to have medical attendants in somewhat closer proximity
to the scene of hostilities than at the Base, in this case
250 miles away.
Now the troops had met with resistance, suffered casualties,
the Staff were seeing the error of their ways, and showing
their chagrin in the terseness, not to say costivity. of their
orders.
After a glance at my watch I shouted in the general direction
of the cook-house, "Oh, Rahim Buksh Sub chiz benao
Jana kiwasti" (make all ready for going). The response came
in perfect English, "Very good, 'Sir."
This was entirely in order, for my lusty body-servant made
it a matter of conscience to nullify the effects of my balloon-
. ascents in Hindustani by the counter-blast of his equallyvaunted
English.
Soon after we two were on the river bank in process of
chartering a "helium" to convey us to "Hospital Wharf."
The "helium" is the hansom-cab of the lower Tigris. It
is a long, narrow, canoe-like vessel, relying for its propulsive
force upon its two "bellumchis," gentlemen whose facies suggest
that for them navigation is but a sordid trade, violent
crime a vocation. When engaged in the less reprehensible
of their activities, the "bellumchis" are separated by the length
Of the "helium." One stands at the anterior extremity of the
bow, dips his long probang-like bamboo-pole into the mud of
the bank, and, approximating his brisket to the cranial extremity
of the weapon, pushes manfully, traversing meanwhile,
in an antero-posterior direction, a fair section of the gunwale
of the boat.

"MUTUAL" TAILORING
Reflects your Personality
In Clothes that Fit you and are correct for your individual style.
This is the Secret of Good Dressing, and only possible
where Skilled Workmanship and Expert Cutting are
employed.
Long and varied experience in the needs of a discrimi-
nate clientele has brought our Tailoring Section up
to the Highest Standard of efficiency. upon which is
based our guarantee of
COMPLETE SATISFACTION.
May we PROVE THIS in your Next Suit?
Measure you To-day on the Third Floor.
THE MUTUAL .
STORE LIMITED,
Complete Outfitters,
Where Opposite Flinders St. Station,
Everything
is the best by
Actual Test.
MELBOURNE.

PHONE 9571. Established 50 Years.
Rimless Fits-U Sps. Pince-Nez. Bi-focal Sps.
Krytop Lenses. Crooke's Tinted Lenses.
REPAIRS PROMPTLY EXECUTED.
JAMES JENNINGS
Ophthalmic Optician
211 QUEEN STREET
Oculists' Formulae Carefully Executed.
Melbourne.
Telephone 2932. Telephone 2932.
SEARS'
For
PHOTOGRAPHS
.271 Collins Street, Melbourne.
MRS. GLADISH,
University
Robe Maker.
Undergraduates
Can obtain their
. . . RCRDEMIC DRESS...
At the University Lodge, Grattan Street.
, Gown, from £ 1 1 Os. Trencher, 10s. 6d.
BARRISTERS' & CLERGYMEN'S GOWNS a Speciality.
#

May, 1921.
THE SPECULUM.
His accomplice at the stern follows the same procedure,
though his is a somewhat less extended "beat."
The result of these three- pushing steps- and terminal wrench
as the pole is withdrawn from the mud is to impart to the:
craft a motion which militates against occipito-axial ankyloses.
In fact, it is this motion, combined with a quite excusable endeavour
on the part of the fare never to allow the "heliumchis"
out of his field of vision, that gives rise to a' pathological
entity peculiar to these parts, "bellum"-rider's vertigo.
On this particular occasion there was a gale blowing down:
the river, so, no sooner had R.B. and I embarked and left the -
friendly shelter of the shore, than the "bellumchis" unanimously
decided to hoist the sail, choosing rather the risk of an
early demise than endure. the rigour of rowing for a season.
The "bellum" responded gallantly, and our progress .became
kin to that of the highly-intelligent Pooh Bah bird which, you
will remember, "flits ceaselessly from tree-ton to tree-top. uttering
meanwhile its plaintive cry. 'Pooh Bah, Pooh Bah, Pooh
Bah.' "
My breakfast came up with the sail, and thereafter my
heart became a pharyngeal structure intimately related to the
tonsils.
Rahim Buksh also seemed uneaSy. After some truly in--
triguing colour changes, his countenance steadied to a rather
fetching olive-green hue, and this it maintained until the end:
of our journey. For end it did, and that safely.
As I ascended "Hospital Wharf" my heart was gladdened.
by the sight of well-known officers from our sister Ambulances.
They were three in number, "Pink," Galwav, and the Parsee,.
and they welcomed me with an effusiveness which I regarded
at first as distinctly flattering. Then, for the first time, I beheld
"P8," and a fuller understanding came to me.
The sight was one calculated to induce "commotio retinae,"
but, sternly repressing a violent blepharospastic tendency, I
made out this much. "P8" was little, she was dirty beyond
the wildest dreams of an out-patient, and her decks were black.
with Indians, as is a carcase with flies. As I stood at gaze
they began. to put on board numerous sheep, and I turned my
head away in anguish, for the "bukri," though possessed of
many admirable qualities; makes his appeal rather too pointedly
to the 1st Cranial Nerve to justify his inclUsion among "things ,
every gentleman should have with him on a voyage."
Noting my emotion, "Pink" murmured :
"And they say she'll take four days for the journey," and at
the word my soul demanded the head of "Pink," on a charger
for preference, but essentially severed from his body.

THE SPECULUM.
May, 1921.
Eventually, at a speed which might be termed amoeboid, we
started upon our journey, defiling the beauty of a lovely day
with the demoniac raving of our machinery. Slowly our view
of a cow on the bank changed from that of end elevation to
the more fetching one of side elevation. But perhaps it was
the cow that moved after all.
We had been embarked with much bustle, and understood we
were urgently needed at the Amara Hospitals, but the "P8"
wotted not of hurry, and we fell in with her mood, and turned
to leisurely contemplation of our fellow-travellers.
The navigation staff stimulated careful thought, and it was
only after prolonged study that one arrived at a definite diagnosis
of the function of each. It took no Dick Stawell to tell
that the large Arab with the red ("tintex"ed) beard was Captain,
for his adherence to the steering-wheel amounted almost
to anatomical continuity. But the small Arab who sat at the
Captain's feet eternally rolling cigarettes was more difficult to
- place, until one noticed that he suffered brisk cuticular stimulation
in the aural region at the hands of the Captain each time
the vessel humped the bank. Then. as Silky Syd. would say,
"it became perfectly obvious even to one of the mentality of a
Vth. year student" that the folio he held was that of pilot.
One other there was, a European, who exhibited brisk
Brownian movement between the galley and the engine-room,
and styled himself "Interpreter." Him we deemed a subject
fit only for an M.D. thesis, and we abandoned him in perplexity.
It was on the second day of our progress that this man reported
to the Captain the advent of a fistula in the off boiler,
with consequent hyperpyresia on the part of the subjacent inflammatory
focus. This led to sympathetic involvement of the
neighbouring fire. We lost steam, steerage way, what was left
of our tempers, and all hope, and abandoned ourselves to the
mercies of wind and tide.
Under the agency of the former we grounded heavily opposite
Kurna, and, in a depressing drizzle, 1 went ashore to view
"the cradle of the human race."
Truby King would have condemned it, on sanitary grounds!
After the completion of minor repairs, we again set out.
But I would weary you were I to tell of the bilge-pump that
leaked, and transformed the engine-room into an aquarium,
with the seal-like cook-engineer as sole occupant ; of the cooking-party
that went ashore, and returned to find the "P8"
stuck on a mud bank, and her engines on a dead-centre; of the
order to tranship to "P4," when 50 men and their rations

May. 1921. THE SPECULUM. 71
were shifted into, a tug at 12 o'clock on a night of torrential
.downpour only to find that "P4" had meantime shown her
individuality by steaming off.
Let these remain "other stories."
At length, at long length, in fact at the end of the
seventh day, our "four days' journey" was completed. We
.arrived in Amara, and the "P8" went into dry dock. I beg
leave to follow suit.
—Brassard.

72 THE SPECULUM. May, 1921. .
%picutet.
N ymphae would like to know a quick way to rid herself
of hair on the upper lip."—Lady's Home Journal.
Scene : Surgical O.P.
Lady with a varicose ulcer: "Why don't I have injections
like the others?"
Student taking history: "And how many children?"
Lady: "Two, doctor."
Student: "Any miscarriages ?"
Lady: "Yes, doctor ; two miscarriages and two stepdaughters."
"The test of love—real love," says a she story-writer, "is
whether it can ring the bells of heaven."
—Too severe a test, that! A peep through a crack into
Paradise now and again is as much as most of us can expect.
Extern student at W.H., describing his adventures: "... Yes,
the room was really far too small for a double-bed. The nurse
and I had great difficulty in squeezing in."
Daily Paper: Ladies' Nights, 5/11. Cheap—What
"Eversweet." the dainty deodorant. A little of it patted.
under the arms or anywhere preserves that "fresh-from-the
bath" sweetness throughout the day.—Cosmopolitan, Aug.,
1920.
B.N.A. terminology evidently too indelicate!

Established 30 Years Telephone Central 4298,
James Little
IMPORTER
of MEDICAL and SURGICAL WORKS
" Centreway," 263 Collins Street, Melbourne.
(Take Elevator to 3rd Floor)
Has one of the largest and best collections of Medical
Books in Australia. Also Dr. Howard A. Kelly's Stero-
Clinic, showing operations by the world's leading surgeons.
Fourth and Fifth Year Students, also Graduates,.
are cordially invited to see them, free of charge. By
viewing them through the Cliniscope you can see the
operations, step by step, as effectively as if sitting in
the front row of the operating theatre.
A choice collection of the latest books on Medicine,
Surgery, and collateral branches always on hand
Orders promptly attended to.
"PRACTICAL GYNECOLOGY" thoroughly revised'
and enlarged, including Operative Gynecology, beautifully
illustrated. By Lieut.-Colonel George Horne, M.A.,
M.D., Ch.B. Price, 21/-. Published by James Little.
" Principles and Practice of Obstetrics." By Joseph .
B. DeLee, M.D., Professor of Obstetrics at the North-western
Medical School, Chicago. Illustrated 187 in Colours.
CLINICAL INSTRUCTION.
Medical Clinics of North America. Issued serially,.
six numbers a year, clinic year July to June. They give'
you Clinics from all the large centres of North America.
Price per year, in paper covers ; and J4 in cloth.
Surgical Clinics of Chicago, by over 3o leading surgeons
and specialists. Six numbers a year. Price per
clinic year (February to December), in paper and_
/._,4 in cloth covers.
Get these Clinics and have a post graduate course
in Medicine and Surgery at a small cost.
ix.
7

OPERATING
COATS
22/6
Exactly "what's wanted"
by Medical Men. These Coats are Tailor-made
Perfectly in White Drill of very fine quality—
Fastening close up at neck—Having Band and
Button at wrist—Detachable Shank Buttons--
With or without pocket as desired. Altogether
THE MAXIMUM OF SATISFACTION AT THE
MINIMUM COST.
Call or —Post Your Order
Lincoln Stuart & Co.
Propy.
ellaparrair
244-254 Flinders Street,
Melbourne.
FRANCISd! .
and IMPORTERS of Surgical Instruments and
Appliances. Antiseptic Bandages. Dressings.
and Medical & Surgical Requisites generally
SERA, VACCINES, TUBERCULINS
(Human, Bovine, Beranek's, etc.).
N. B. — A ny required dose supplied in sterile glass cap sul es.
280 BOURKE STREET
Branch Pharmacy, 111 Collins Street
Bacteriological Specimens for Dr. Mill to be left at
111 Collins Street.
x

- May, 1921. THE SPECULUM. 73
Clergyman (enthusing over parishioner's latest child) : "Hal
:a fine boy, and what a massive head !"
Weary Mother: "Yairs, and I'm the one that knows it."
"Doctor, a week ago you gave me something that you said
was good for my dyspepsia." "Yes?" "Well now, suppose
you give me something that's bad for it."
Enthusiastic tourist, having just been introduced to Brigiham
Young, leader of the 'Mormons:
Tourist: "I say, Brigham, do you really have to support
30 wives?"
B.V.: "Yes, of course."
T.: "it must be pretty stiff?"
B.Y. (a man of few words) : "Yes, it must."
"Arsenic may be used for dyeing or dying."
Scene : -Collins-street.
Tithe: Midnight.
He: "Do come with me, darling."
She: "No, not on your life—wouldn't think of it at this
time of night."
He (despairingly) : "Well, it's not much good three of us
standing here like this!"
"There is ample provision," says a Melbourne weekly, "for
punishment of those cads guilty of deliberate offensive con-
, duct ; but to lay down the heavy, flat foot of the law on the
harmless flirtations of 'sporty boys' and willing girls is to use
. a steam-roller to crush nuts."
Bright 3rd year: "Why did the hormone?"
Another ditto: "Because she couldn't diastase."
"Auntie Duff gave Baby One
A dose of Fi gici,,;
She is with the angels now
And Auntie still is wondering how
A single atom of .Cl
Can make such change in Calomel."
Student: "There seems to be a lot of psoriasis in this ward,
'Sister?"
Sister: "Yes, Zeddy is doing three Whiteheads this after--
:noon."
IA

74 THE SPECULUM. May, 1921.
THE BLASE HARVEST HAND.
"1A remarkable escape from snakebite, was experienced by a
harvest hand at Longwood. A snake crawled up one of his
trouser legs and down the other, but the man was not
rgus, 28/12/20.
Mother (introducing the hope of the family to schoolmaster)
: ".... But I won't have my boy learnt physiology; it
aint no use, and, what's more, its rude!"
Candour in Advertising: "Camels supply everything you
hoped for in cigarettes."
Again: "Drastic reduction in No. 791 La Diva Seducing
Corsets; usually 29/6, sale price 17/6; size, 22, 23 only.—
Wellington Evening Post.
From Infant Welfare Report: "In 1919 had 1043
births and 129 deaths, many of which were preventable.'
A little late for birth control!
Two Lancashire yokels in London paid a visit to a photographer.
As the operator was getting his camera ready, Jack
said to Jim:
"What's he goin' to do naow?"
"Naow he's goin' to put in -The plate."
"Oh, aye!"
A few minutes after:
"What's he goin' to do naow?"
"Naow he's puttin' on the dark cloth."
"Oh, aye !"
Finally:
"What's he goin' to do naow?"
"Naow he's goin' to focus."
"What! Is he, really !"

May, 1921.
THE SPECULUM. 75
There is no better—or worse—fact deserving of first place
in these notes, that relating to our financial . position. Last
year we managed to sperN £400 more than our income. Fortunately,
owing to accumulated funds during the war, we had
a nest-egg, which was hatched and brought to light the necessary
"oscar," and still leaves about £900 especially earmarked
for improvements to the ground. The contemplated improvements
include the formation of a hockey and a lacrosse field
in the outer ground, and the building of a scoring box. Some
of us may be fortunate enough to keep 'Father Time at bay
long enough to see a crowd of enthusiasts booting footballs,
another hurling a lacrosse pill, and yet another flock dribbling
a hockey ball, each group on a different ground, and each singularly
free from the immediate dangers of flying missiles
foreign to their sport. The problem confronting all committees
now is how to so moderate their expenditure that the balance-sheet
will come out square.
Inter-'Varsity fixtures last year were not so successful as
they might have been, though undoubtedly we had our share
of victories. The football team journeyed to Adelaide, and
was victorious the lacrosse team likewise journeyed, but failed
to register a victory owing' to the brilliant doggedness of the
opposition.
The athletic team and the hockey team journeyed to Sydney;
the former lost, but the latter evened things up. In connec-

76 THE SPECULUM. May, 1921.
tion with the athletics, W. E. MacMillan lowered the Inter-
'Varsity Mile record.
The tennis was played early in the year in Melbourne, and
we won by 11 rubbers to 10. The rowing resulted in a win
for Adelaide, with Melbourne 2nd, Brisbane 3rd, and Sydney
4th. The cricket, owing to lack of time, was unfinished.
Brisbane beat Sydney. and we tied with 'Adelaide. This year
the tennis was decided in Sydney in March, and the Niall Cup
is in our charge for another year.
The mention of Sydney recalls the fact that each man in an
Inter-'Varsity team in Sydney- gets his blue—providing that it
is in a sport for which blues are awarded. Perhaps that system
is far from the ideal, yet it obviates the olhViously unfair
method of reducing the number of blues awarded to a team
just because it lost. The individual members of that losing
team may be streets ahead of those in a team that won, and
yet they are deprived of blues for the cheerful reason that.
they were beaten by a better team. In vet another way might
we take a leaf from Sydney. Both the Adelaide and Melbourne
tennis teams were this year accommodated at the 1Colleges
in Sydney. It was an innovation—necessitated by the
fact that rooms in Sydney at Easter were absolutely unprocurable—and
a' very happy one, too: None would be more
pleased to see the same thing done by us than those who were
fortunate enough to enjoy the great fienefits and pleasures
which such a scheme afforded. Words cannot convey our feelings,
and the contrast of "pub." life conjured up in comparison
was nauseating.
The sporting activities chronicled for this year are infinite.
By the time this report is published, the wild riot of Commencement
Celebrations, with football, hockey, and lacrosse
matches, Inter-Collegiate rowing, omitting mention of such
sports as balls and gala nights, will be a thing of the past ; the
Inter-Faculty football matches for the Baldwin Spencer Cup
will have been decide d, and text books will be inches deep in
dust. Many traps are being deliberately aid for the inoffensive
book-worm—may' Shades of Hippocrates protect him (or . her) !
Last, but by no means least,.some form of activity, whether
of the Hare and Hounds type or ofthe type of a Graduates v.
Undergraduates' football match, will have reverted to embryonal
type, and running a riotous. life - will have culminated'
in the M.S.S. Dinner.

FL s
Students' Watches.
Write for our New Catalogue of
Engagement and Dress Rings.
Large size Gentlemen's Wristlet
44440 41'1
Established - 1852.
Medical and Biological
Students' Outfit.
Large and varied stock of MATHEMAT-
ICAL INSTRUMENTS. All instruments
are sold subject to the approval of the
Professor. All goods at lowest Prices.
T. Gaunt & Co. Pty.
Watchmakers, Jewellers and
Opticians,
337, 339
Bourke Street.
Repairs by Experts.
Eyesight Tested Gratis.
15 Carat Gold. L10: Silver. 70/-: others. 40!. to £5. Fully Jewelled. Splendid Value.
Special Notice to Melbourne University
Medical Students
Mr. W. KAMSAY
MEDICAL AGENT,
80 SWANSTON STREET, MELBOURNE,
has been granted the use of a Room
in the University Grounds, and will
keep large stocks of all
MEDICAL TEXT BOOKS NOTE BOOKS, &C.

BOOKS
For Pleasure and Profit
EVERYONE needs books.
Some people treasure them
for the information they contain—some
for the entertainment
they give. For college boy or
professional man there is an upto-date
service in the seven big
departments of Mullen's Bookstore.
No matter what your
book needs are make Mullen's
your headquarters.
Melville &- Mullen
PTY LTD.
COLLINS ST., MELBOURNE
ON THE BLOCK
.

May, 1921. THE SPECULUM. 77
FOOTBALL.
From all accounts this season is to be one of frenzied activity
in this special sphere-of action. The programme for the
season in one succession of matches sufficient in number to
make one think that by football alone can one live. We
have withdrawn our team from the Junior League for various
reasons—one of the most powerful being that professionalism
in sport is a thing to.be shunned and abhorred by all who love
sport for its own sake. Instead we now have two teams in the
Metropolitan Association, and the M.U.R. are running a military
team.
The first match of the season—that set down in the Commencement
Celebrations programme, Collegiates v. Extra Collegiates—one
of the best games this season, was held on Friday,
22nd, and resulted in a win for the latter—the scores being
11.12 to 10.12.
Matches for the Spencer .Cup for Inter-Faculty competition
are not yet complete. In the first match palyed so far 4th
and 5th year Meds. gained a victory over the Dentals by 17
points. Sandwiched in between these latter matches, the first
three or four rounds of the Metropolitan Association will have
been fought out. Then early next term come the Inter-Collegiate
matches, the draw being as follows :—June 29, Newman
v. Trinity; July 6th, Ormond v. Queen's; July 13th, final.
It is as yet too early to prophesy, but all indications point
to an exceptionally successful season, culminating, we hope, in
yet another victory over Adelaide on our own ground.
TENNIS.
In the tennis world we have already made a successful 'beginning.
Our team, consisting of G. E. Mackay (capt.), T.
D. McInnes, C. H. Fitts, H. W. Harbison, B. E. Henty, M.
Cowles, with R. Sweetnam seventh man, went to Sydney at
Easter, and beat both Adelaide and 'Sydney, 'thus winning the
Niall Cup for the third year in succession. Some of the
matches were of a very high standard, and the play throughout
was most interesting.
The innovation of accommodating the visiting team at the
Colleges was greatly appreciated, and the opinion prevailed on
all sides that such arrangements would be of inestimable benefit
to all concerned, and tended to make the visitors' stay one which
would live in pleasant memory for very many years. The
Sydney men were admirable hosts and excellent sports, and
our only complaint was that we were too well looked after.

78 THE SPECULUM. May, 1921..
We have to congratulate our Capt., G. E. Mackay, now entitled
to be addressed by that highly-respected title Doctor, on
his successful game against our examiners, and also on his being
chosen to represent Victoria v. N.S.W. in Sydney in April.
The scores of the Adelaide match not being available, the
following are moderately accurate ones of the final v. Sydney
:—
Singles—
Mackay d. G. Halliday, 6-0, 6-1: 1. Watt, 0-6, 6-3.
2-6.
McInnes d. G. Halliday; 6-0. 6-2 : d. Watt, 4-6, 6-2_
6-2.
Fitts d. Quinn, 6-4, 2-6, 6-3; d. J. Halliday, 6--3,
4-6, 6-0.
Cowles, 1. J. Halliday, 5-7. 2-6; 1. Quinn, 6-3. 2-6–
2-6.
Harbison d, Horn, 6-4, 7-5 ; d. Todd, 6-4, 6-2.
Henty d. Todd, 6-2, 5-7, 6-3; d. Horne, - 6-4, 6-3.
Doubles—
McInnes and Fitts d. Halliday-Watt, 5-7, 6-3, 6--4; d.
Quinn-J. Halliday, 5-7, 6-4, 6-3 ; d. Todd-Horne. 6-3,
6-3.
Mackay - Harbison, 1. Hallidav-Watt, 6-8, 4-6 ; I. Honie-
Todd, 4-6, 3-6; d. Quinn-Halliday, 6-4, 6-3.
Cowles-Henty, 1. Halliday-Watt, 4-6, 3-6 ; 1. Horne-
Todd, 1-6. 3-6; 1. Quinn-Halliday, 4-6, 6-3, 2-6.
Result—Melbourne, 13 rubbers; Sydney, 8 rubbers
ATHLETICS.
The year coming promises to be a successful for the
University Athletic Club. The talent in the club is exceedingly
good. Amongst the best are D. W. Gale, with three
Victorian Championships to 'his credit ; L. F. Edmunds, with
two; G. Naylor, runner-up to Gale in two of his events;
and W. E. Macmillan, who broke the Inter-'Varsity Mile record
last year.
The annual meeting was held early in April, and the following
Committee elected :—President, Dr. W. Kent-Hughes ;-
Vice-Presidents, Professors Osborne, Skeats, Payne, Dr. Norman
McArthur, Dr. H. W. Harbison, Messrs. Lupson and
Gale; Committee, Messrs. Almond, Davis, Edmunds, Naylor,.
Oldham, Ross; Captain, Mr. D. W. Gale; Treasurer, Mr. T.
B. DoddS; Secretaries, Messrs. W. E. Macmillan and A. B.
Hewitt.

May, 1921, THE SPECULUM.
The Inter-'Varsity sports are to be held in Brisbane on
June 1st. It is rather a drawback to us, as many likely members
of the team have August exams., and thus cannot afford.
theitne to make such a long trip. Brisbane must have the
spoils, because it will help them to such an extent, and it is
up to us in view of this to make an effort and send a good,
strong team.
Last year University men 'competed throughout the Track.
Season with other clubs. They distinguished themselves, and.
have helped the club. This year the Athletic Club intends to
run a team of its own throughout the track season. The
policy underlying the scheme is to give everybody who wishes
an opportunity to run in open competition; and, moreover, the
object is to foster keenness, and bring out any latent talent
there may be. The club appeals to Medical students to remember
this; they comprise the great bulk of students on.
whom the club relies, and it is up to them to help the club in
this matter. Let everybody interested in the club lend a hand,
so that we may win first the InterjVarsity, then the Track.
Season, and, finally, retain for another twelve months the
H. H. Hunter Memorial Shield for the Victorian 'Championships.
BOXING AND MEDICAL STUDENTS.
The Melbourne 'University- Boxing 'Club was, during the
third term of 1920, re-formed after a lapse of approximately
six years. The number of members enrolled was, however,
very scanty—not more than twelve from among our two thousand
or so students displaying any keenness for the "noble
art." We of the Medical School were, strange to relate, poorly
represented. One hardly need mention the fact that the Meds.
are amply, and very worthily. represented in every other branch
of sport at the University. Why not have the same apply to
boxing? At a meeting of the club, held on last Monday,
four only from our midst were in evidence and ready "to
don the gloves." This term an effort is being made to proCure
competent coaching, on, say, one or two afternoons a week.
This, we hope, will be some stimulus towards the enrolment
of new members; which, however, can only be practicable
provided a sufficiently large number of enthusiasts join the club.
It was hoped that the Melbourne University would be
worthily represented at Brisbane in the proposed Inter-'Varsity

,E30 THE SPECULUM. May. 1921.
Boxing Championships, to he held in May, 1921, in conjunction
with the athletics. But alas! we seem to lack the enthusiasm so
necessary for success in this resurrected good old English sport.
Sydney are tremendously keen—as evidence by the fact that
they have several undergrads who box frequently at the Sydney
Stadium, as amateurs, of course.
A few words re the merits of boxing as a sport : Boxing is
really an art which is capable of being brought to a very fine
point. It is not, as many would have it, a mere sport demanding
little else but an orthodox knowledge of punching coupled
with brute strength, but entails a psychological element which
is often the point about which a contest revolves. In no branch
of sport is the human note so developed or the emotional element
more predominant.
It is a sport which has something so intensely, so primevally
masculine about it.
Note what Georges Carpentier sayS :—"It is a Sport which
- not only develops the man but disciplines his lower nature. . .
It is an ennobling sport—one that, while developing the selfprotective
spirit within him, also instils the quality of mercy."
Science, we are told, is the mother of surprise. Therefore,
learn to box. And so be ready to surprise the next man, if
- need 'be! This science is capable of being mastered only by
continued practice and adequate 'tuition depending a good deal
on the extent of a man''.; cerebral appreciations.
Before closing this attempt to revive a lost (or, 'better, abandoned)
sport, we ask all members of the M.S.S. who are
"boringly" interested or inclined to communicate with the
.Secretary as soon as possible.
COMMENCEMENT CELEBRATIONS.
In connection with the new scheme for celebrating Commencement,
many sporting events must be recorded.
On the Friday afternoon the heats for the Inter-Collegiate
Boat Race were preceded by a football match—the combined
'Colleges versus the rest of the 'Varsity. The former were
handicapped owing to the fact that about eight of their best
players were rowing, and, consequently, unable to play. How-
-ever, the game, 'though patchy, was full of excitement, and
the pace was rather too hot , for a match so early in the
season.

Robertson's
... FOR ALL ..
UNIVERSITY TEXT BOOKS
and the latest Medical and Surgical Works.
Note Books and Stationery Requisites.
Berry—Clinical Atlas - - 48/-
Berry—Practical Anatomy, Vols. 1 and 2 - - 15/- each
Berry—Practical Anatomy, Vol. 3 - - 21/-
Upjohn—Osteology -
7/6
.._..-
NEW BOOK.
Berry and Porteus—Intelligence and Social
Valuation, 14/-
A
practical method for the diagnosis of mental deficiency and
other forms of social inefficiency).
Beesly and Johnson—Surgical Anatomy
19/-
Cunningham—Text Book of Anatomy
Eden—Gynaecology -
50/-
45
/ -
Eden—Midwifery
Green—Pathology -
Halliburton—Physiology
Osler—Medicine -
Rose and Carless—Surgery
Wheeler (Jack)—Medicine
and all other Text Books.
29 / -
27/.
25/-
36/-
36/_
14/6
George Robertson & Co. Pty. Ltd. .
107-113 ELIZABETH STREET,
— MELBOURNE

82 THE SPECULUM. May, 1921
The final scores :—Colleges, 11 goals 10 behinds ; 'Varsity,
12 goals 10 behinds—testify to the even quality of the con-
- test, and the standard of play augurs well for this season's
Amateur League contests, The scene now moves to the river
bank, where, quite a crowd had gathered to see Queen's beat
Trinity in the first heat, and Ormond heat Newman in the
second.
In the evening the 'Varsity Ball rolled in the Melbourne
Town Hall, but, then, it's hardly a sporting event in the true
sense Of the term, is it?
On Saturday afternoon, during the actual performance of
"'Commencement," tennis, lacrosse and hockey matches were
- played. The tennis was to have consisted of Colleges versus
- the Rest, but the latter were unable to produce more than
-two players, and so the contest fell rather flat. The lacrosse
and hockey matches evinced much .entinisiasm and produced
play of quite a high order.
Again, the scene changed for the river bank. The first event
was the Second Eights race, which proved a alk- aw ay for
Trinity, with Queen's second and Ormond third.
The chief event of the day—the final between Queen's and
Ormond, provided one of the finest races seen on the river for
many a day. The crews got well away, and there was never
more than a canvas between them from start to finish. After
a magnificent tussle, the judge was unable to separate them,
and so for the second time in the history of Inter-Collegiate
rowing a dead-heat was recorded.
Each college no doubt felt somewhat disappointed that their
crew, which was undoubtedly the better of the two--had not
- managed to get its nose in front ; but behind it all there rested
the thought that after all there could not have been a finer _
finish to such a magnificent struggle.
In the evening the carnival in the 'Varsity grounds proved
a splendid success—abut then that's not sport, either.
-Hospital Superintendent.—The eighth remaining king, the
other seven being the four in a pack of cards, the
two in chess, and the King of England.

May, 1921. THE SPECULUM. 83
DUDS AND DERELICTS.
'"Delirious."—We thought so. One anaesthetic is quite
enough, even for the Spec.—
"No maids condone
Who use Eau de 'Cologne
Or Cosmetic;
For your soft scented breath
I'd g6 nigh unto death,
Annie Sthetic."
F.I.B.—Thanks for sending along; but it was a little
– too lengthy, and needed brightening up. We're holding
on to it, however.
P. Niss.—No! Too flabby for our use.
"Whitehead!"—"I wish I were a haemorrhoid,
A blister or a boil
We refer you to "The Vanity of Human Wishes"—The
Religious Editor has our only copy.
A.H.S.—Yes. it makes a pretty little trifle, that Rabelais
wouldn't have hesitated over for a second.
" There was a young man named Bunt,
hunt,
Quite innocuous, we swear. Innocent as the snow-white
locks that tremble under the halo of a saint. But--
(Caesar's wife again!)
."Daydo."—Alas, we always thought you were a man of
Moral Worth, one who could see the Spiritual Significance,
even in Dewar's.
"Dead Beat."—No; say rather, "All out."
P.D.P.—"—ed and Far from Home": the title is sufficient
in itself.
Lossy.—As you say, the daily press is an unfailing storehouse
of scandal, and it does foster an unwholesome
curiosity about the intimate relationships of private people.
And isn't it merely the greatest excitement for the greatest
number?
-"Fig Leaf."—The "Lay of the Last Dreadnought" sank—
into the waste paper basket.

84 'THE SPECULUM. May, 1921.
"Yorrick."—Thanks" for contributions. Keep the verse for
your tombstone.
T.B.—Your witticisms caused a sudden attack of Incontinence
in the Religious Editor's wife.
F.T.W.----Try us again.
We announce with regret that, owing to self-combustion,
the Ladies' Letter for this issue was destroyed by fire at
the printer's office.—Editor, Speculum.
The Editor of the Speculum offers no apology for Year
Notes. The Year representatives' recognised business is to writeor
collect from willing scribes such notes as refer to each
year. 'Owing to the delayed election of a representative, First
Year Notes are not to hand for this issue.
Fifth Year
Fifth Year has made a great impression this term by its
arrival at Royal Park Mental Hospital in charas, cars, cabs,
etc. No doubt our worthy lecturer thinks that all who attend
are fit subjects for admission to the institution by allowing
into the course a subject in which there is no examination,
and what knowledge is required can easily he gleaned by
fraternising with some of the Year.
"Snow," "Fat," and "Max" have commenced golf at Kew,
y'know ! We hope to see them when we attend our final mental . clinics pent up in cells surrounded by bogies, cleeks and
niblicks and vainly endeavouring to bring off impossible shots.

May, 1921. THE SPECULUM. 85
against each other with decrepit and ancient Dunlops—altho
Max prefers Watson's No. 10.
"Fat" (again) and "Chec." behaved quite soberly on Cas,
"Fat" fell victim to Bella's charms when she arrived daily for
her dose of lis.S.D.x. One must break into song :-
Beware when bright eyes glance!
Beware the baby smile with tender looks !
There's danger lurking there. Beware !
"Fat" still is fat, so had evidently a good anti-specific for
any frivolity he indulged in. "Chec" journeyed to the students'
room and enacted his role of "Misere King" with valour and
his native wit.
The clinical society meetings have been well attended, and
there students foregather like the ancient cannibals and tear
to pieces the patient and his appurtenances. The general public
little knows what a mine of knowledge is held within the
busums of our own dear selfs.
"Bogs" journeys frequently to Croydon for week-ends and
odd days here and there. (r ..S. 7--She's got red hair, too, and
has divine ankles. 'Oh, Boy!). "Norman" and "George"
still keep up their ends—well up. Bravo! the days of sobriety
are not yet done. Uretha!
The recent apparatus in . the P.M. room scared us, but it
turned out to be merely an arrangement for projecting a)
stream of light on to a dirty and decrepit draw sheet. It often
goes "Phut," as Alan would say, but it amuses Murray and
Meagher, and doesn't hurt us, so we'll let it be.
Congrats to our Super. on spotting that case of small pox.
How we chuckled when the P.H. Authorities called it chicken
pox. 'Cheerio Mervyn, your experience amongst poxes of all
kinds is coming in handy at last. The women are still with
us (God bless 'em), and although one of them passed 37in.
6f. rubber tubing into a female stomach t'other day, they've
done nothing else, so h--1 to them ! Selah!
Fourth Year
One day last Friday we awoke with a feeling that something
was going to happen. It had. We just said : "Welcome,
Stranger" ; asked him if it was worth the paraffin candle,
and wondered if his census had also been taken. To all of
which he merely answered: "You may call me Issy."
"A nose by any other name
Would smell the same,"
s

86 THE SPECULUM. May, 1921.
So a Boggy has gone out of the world and an Issy has been
born into it. Well, they aver that it happens every minute, and
Dr. Morrison shyly admits that next Monday he will begin
normal labour.
Dear, delightful old Sir Harry, in his own inimitable fashion,
recently informed us (with that delightful smile which wells
up into his eyes) that we would be the first students to have
the honour of sitting for a "little" examination in children's
diseases.
"Mind you, gentlemen," he said, and here his nods became
more and more portentous, while the tones of his voice rose
and fell in soft cadences, like a stone that once thrown up into
the air, desires, beyond anything, to return to its mother's
bosom. "Mind you, gentlemen, it will be just a little—a very
little examination."
There was once another knight ; he was called Sir Toby,
and his surname, I'm sorry to say, rhymed very well with Ball
and Welch. He "plagued on't" and "pox on't" with the best
and the rest of 'em, but once in a burst of inspiration he was
heard to remark: "Gentlemen, God save thee." Which goes
to show that Sir Toby knew medical students, or their equivalents
in his time, and their mentors. And though he had a
cirrhotic liver, he also had a large size in understandings,
and a nice perception between Heaven and some other hotel.
Now that Sir Harry and Reg have both had an honourable
mention, it seems a pity that we have nothing much to
say about Mr. Newton. He seems to know his anatomy, and
has often operated before the Prince of Wales—hotel (but that
was in his student days, and he doesn't like me to talk about
it).
Hereinunder is appended a list of "Little Sayings by Great
Men," and vice versa.
Mr. Newton: Here we have! What is it?*
Spudder Thwaites: 6 to 4 the field.
Sir Harry *Allen: YOu'll find out.
Reggie Morrison: Open sesame lt
Phil. McCumisky and Boo O'Donnell: Hu . . . op.
Dr. Moore: Mopoke.
Reggie (again) : Here we have the passenger.** (P.S.—
Without a ticket).
Frank May: Love will find a way.
Ginna Broome: Don't mind if I do.
Murph.: — (censored).
* The answer's a lemon. t Not original, fdr. Clapp tuts been informed,