michigan hypertension core curriculum - State of Michigan

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References: 1. Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, Peto R, Collins R. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet 2002;360:1903-13. 2. Dannenberg AL, Garrison RJ, Kannel WB. Incidence of hypertension in the Framingham Study. Am J Public Health 1988;78:676-9. 3. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2003;42:1206- 52. 4. Center for Disease Control and Prevention DfHDaSP. Facts and Statistics on High Blood Pressure. In: Services HaH, ed.; 2007. 5. Poston WS, Pavlik VN, Hyman DJ, et al. Genetic bottlenecks, perceived racism, and hypertension risk among African Americans and first-generation African immigrants. J Hum Hypertens 2001;15:341-51. 6. Oberg S, Ge D, Cnattingius S, et al. Ethnic differences in the association of birth weight and blood pressure: the Georgia cardiovascular twin study. Am J Hypertens 2007;20:1235-41. 7. Brenner BM, Mackenzie HS. Nephron mass as a risk factor for progression of renal disease. Kidney Int Suppl 1997;63:S124-7. 8. Luyckx VA, Brenner BM. Low birth weight, nephron number, and kidney disease. Kidney Int Suppl 2005:S68-77. 9. Krauss RM, Winston M, Fletcher RN, Grundy SM. Obesity: impact of cardiovascular disease. Circulation 1998;98:1472-6. 10. Casazza K, Dulin-Keita A, Gower BA, Fernandez JR. Differential influence of diet and physical activity on components of metabolic syndrome in a multiethnic sample of children. J Am Diet Assoc 2009;109:236-44. 11. Casagrande SS, Whitt-Glover MC, Lancaster KJ, Odoms-Young AM, Gary TL. Built environment and health behaviors among African Americans: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med 2009;36:174-81. 12. Grier SA, Kumanyika SK. The context for choice: health implications of targeted food and beverage marketing to African Americans. Am J Public Health 2008;98:1616-29. 13. Franco M, Diez-Roux AV, Nettleton JA, et al. Availability of healthy foods and dietary patterns: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;89:897-904. 14. Ko JY, Brown DR, Galuska DA, Zhang J, Blanck HM, Ainsworth BE. Weight loss advice U.S. obese adults receive from health care professionals. Prev Med 2008;47:587-92. 15. Foley RN, Parfrey PS, Sarnak MJ. Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in chronic renal disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 1998;9:S16-23. 16. Bakris GL, Williams M, Dworkin L, et al. Preserving renal function in adults with hypertension and diabetes: a consensus approach. National Kidney Foundation Hypertension and Diabetes Executive Committees Working Group. Am J Kidney Dis 2000;36:646-61. 17. U.S. Renal Data System, USRDS 2006 Annual Data Report: Atlas of End-Stage Renal Disease in the United States. In: National Institutes of Health NIoDaDaKD, Bethesda, MD, 2006, ed.; 2006. 18. Douglas JG, Bakris GL, Epstein M, et al. Management of high blood pressure in African Americans: consensus statement of the Hypertension in African Americans Working Group of the International Society on Hypertension in Blacks. Arch Intern Med 2003;163:525-41. 19. Okosun IS, Bhatt DV, Boltri JM, Ndirangu M. Self-reported and measured height and weight: impact on racial/ethnic differences in hypertension. Ethn Dis 2008;18:415-20. Ferdinand KC, Ferdinand DP. Race-based therapy for hypertension: possible benefits and potential pitfalls. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2008;6:1357-66. 21. Tejada T, Fornoni A, Lenz O, Materson BJ. Nonpharmacologic therapy for hypertension: does it really work? Curr Cardiol Rep 2006;8:418-24. 80 Hypertension Core Curriculum
22. Stolley MR, Fitzgibbon ML, Schiffer L, et al. Obesity reduction black intervention trial (ORBIT): six-month results. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2009;17:100-6. 23. Bavikati VV, Sperling LS, Salmon RD, et al. Effect of comprehensive therapeutic lifestyle changes on prehypertension. Am J Cardiol 2008;102:1677-80. 24. Wolf RL, Lepore SJ, Vandergrift JL, et al. Knowledge, barriers, and stage of change as correlates of fruit and vegetable consumption among urban and mostly immigrant black men. J Am Diet Assoc 2008;108:1315-22. 25. Lakkakula AP, Zanovec M, Silverman L, Murphy E, Tuuri G. Black children with high preferences for fruits and vegetables are at less risk of being at risk of overweight or overweight. J Am Diet Assoc 2008;108:1912-5. 26. Thompson D, Baranowski T, Cullen K, et al. Food, Fun and Fitness Internet program for girls: influencing log-on rate. Health Educ Res 2008;23:228-37. 27. Wang Y, Li J, Caballero B. Resemblance in dietary intakes between urban low-income African- American adolescents and their mothers: the healthy eating and active lifestyles from school to home for kids study. J Am Diet Assoc 2009;109:52-63. 28. Winnicki M, Bonso E, Dorigatti F, et al. Effect of body weight loss on blood pressure after 6 years of follow-up in stage 1 hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2006;19:1103-9. 29. Shaw K, Gennat H, O'Rourke P, Del Mar C. Exercise for overweight or obesity. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006:CD003817. 30. Fields LE, Burt VL, Cutler JA, Hughes J, Roccella EJ, Sorlie P. The burden of adult hypertension in the United States 1999 to 2000: a rising tide. Hypertension 2004;44:398-404. NKFM & MDCH 81
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MICHIGAN HYPERTENSION CORE CURRICUL
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April 2010 Dear Colleague: In 2005,
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Kevin L. Piggott, MD, MPH, FAAFP Pr
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Blood Pressure Measurement........
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10 Hypertension Core Curriculum Blo
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of the wrist. Additionally, there i
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asis. National guidelines recommend
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Post-Test Questions: 1. High BP is
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18 Hypertension Core Curriculum Ess
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Masked Hypertension is when the off
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TABLE 1. Prevalence of Awareness, T
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Blood Pressure, Circulatory Physiol
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side of the vascular tree. Arterial
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upon the other co-morbidities prese
Page 30 and 31: Table 3. Clinically Available Clues
Page 32 and 33: In the setting of chronic hypertens
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Page 36 and 37: cause greater disruption of CBF aut
Page 38 and 39: References/Suggested Reading Agabit
Page 40 and 41: 40 Hypertension Core Curriculum Chr
Page 42 and 43: development of essential HTN can se
Page 44 and 45: Figures: Figure 1. Pie-chart with m
Page 46 and 47: Table 2 Table 3 Screening Test for
Page 48 and 49: References: 1. U.S. Renal Data Syst
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Page 52 and 53: side effects particularly well. A h
Page 54 and 55: 14. Gaede P, Vedel P, Larsen N, Jen
Page 56 and 57: Learning Objectives: 56 Hypertensio
Page 58 and 59: glycemic risk factdors such as hype
Page 60 and 61: . Weight loss c. Weight gain d. A a
Page 62 and 63: References: 1. Association AD. All
Page 64 and 65: 64 Hypertension Core Curriculum Spe
Page 66 and 67: foods and turn out of necessity to
Page 68 and 69: Figure 1: Table 1. Metabolic Syndro
Page 70 and 71: 9. Singh GK, Kogan MD, Van Dyck PC,
Page 72 and 73: Incidence and Prevalence The overal
Page 74 and 75: access to healthy foods than their
Page 76 and 77: As a part of the approach to managi
Page 78 and 79: B Hypertensive Adults (rate, percen
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Page 84 and 85: appear to be related to access to c
Page 86 and 87: CDC MMWR Feb 24, 2006/55(07); 177-1
Page 88 and 89: Figure 1; Clinical presentation and
Page 90 and 91: 90 Hypertension Core Curriculum Phe
Page 92 and 93: ANY patient, who develops paroxysma
Page 94 and 95: Figure 1: 94 Hypertension Core Curr
Page 96 and 97: Objectives: 96 Hypertension Core Cu
Page 98 and 99: Definition Prevalence Clinical Feat
Page 100 and 101: intake. 4 Figure 1; Ion transport i
Page 102 and 103: loading with 200 mmoles (4.6 grams)
Page 104 and 105: Figure 3; Endocrine Society See tex
Page 106 and 107: INTRODUCTION 106 Hypertension Core
Page 108 and 109: Renal manifestations. Renal ischemi
Page 110 and 111: to assess renal dimensions and dupl
Page 112 and 113: stenosis severity. Patients with no
Page 114 and 115: ARAS, ischemic nephropathy, and imp
Page 116 and 117: the goals of minimizing injury to t
Page 118 and 119: hemodynamically impaired renal arte
Page 120 and 121: e classified as having “renovascu
Page 122 and 123: disease of the abdominal aorta and
Page 124 and 125: Table 1. Contemporary evaluation of
Page 126 and 127: 2. Screening tests for RAS RDU, MRA
Page 128 and 129: Manifestations of vital organ injur
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Table 6. Clinical evaluation of ren
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Table 9. Assessment of worsening re
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Table 11. New terminology for renal
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References: 1. Murphy TP, Soares G,
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2001;12(6):1235-1241. 40. Subramani
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78. Tami LF, McElderry MW, al-Adli
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142 Hypertension Core Curriculum Pr
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monitored hypertension screening an
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Policy Development: Public health p
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Med Clin North Am. Jan 2004;88(1):2
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mind they will have no problem iden
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Role of Race in the Selection of An
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individuals of any race or ethnicit
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Older Patients Need Elevated Systol
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sister, mother and father. A family
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ecause pressure-related retinopathy
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pulses (lower in the left arm). 4 C
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Vital signs suggestive of OSAHS. 20
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may shed light on underlying medica
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References: patients. 8 However, th
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Objectives: 170 Hypertension Core C
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and evidence that anti-hypertensive
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When subjects are given instruction
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interestingly found only a 6.0/4.6
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pressure: a meta-analysis of random
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isolated systolic hypertension have
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Compelling Indications for Specific
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3.) Beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors,
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treatment levels - albeit though at
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Preparations and Dosage: Oral antih
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Preparations and Dosages: The Oral
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patients with tachy-brady syndrome
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significant proteinuria. Pharmacolo
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the effect found by the ACE inhibit
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and nominally statistically signifi
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sensitive K+-channels in vascular s
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clonidine (Catapres†) 0.1-0.8 mg
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Learning Objectives 204 Hypertensio
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general, the response to beta-block
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Table 2: (JNC VII, 2004) 208 Hypert
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Learning objectives: 210 Hypertensi
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ecently published RCT investigated
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Post-test question: 35y/o male w/ h
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Orthostatic Hypotension Pretest que
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BP. It is important to note that la
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1- Fludrocortisone : a mineralocort
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References: 1. Hiitola P, Enlund H,
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www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu/.../Image
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Learning objectives: 226 Hypertensi
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controlled BP to have been victimiz
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Treatment of Secondary Causes of Hy
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4-Direct vasodilators (e.g.minoxidi
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Hypertension. Aug 2003;42(2):161-16
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emergency by virtue of the associat
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY The underlying mech
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trials included a placebo arm. Seve
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an indication for careful and modes
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ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY (AKI) In additi
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Blood Pressure Research Council, an
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[ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensi
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y sodium restriction or the use of
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44 months 24 , and were also seen i
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• Hypertension in dialysis patien
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GISEN Group (Gruppo Italiano di Stu
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258 Hypertension Core Curriculum
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DEFINITION AND CLASSIFICATION Hyper
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etween adult socioeconomic position
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women treated with atenolol in earl
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Obstet Gynecol. Dec 12 2008. 5. Vol
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able to dissipate the pressure rise
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Use of Dihydropyridine Calcium Anta
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272 Hypertension Core Curriculum Ca
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Case 4 Hypertensive patient with CK
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Case 6 276 Hypertension Core Curric
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year. Sodium restriction and weight
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What may be causing these new sympt
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