michigan hypertension core curriculum - State of Michigan

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78. Tami LF, McElderry MW, al-Adli NM, Rubin M, Condos WR. Renal artery stenosis presenting as crescendo angina pectoris. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn. Jul 1995;35(3):252-256. 79. Khosla S, White CJ, Collins TJ, Jenkins JS, Shaw D, Ramee SR. Effects of renal artery stent implantation in patients with renovascular hypertension presenting with unstable angina or congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol. Aug 1 1997;80(3):363-366. 80. Missouris CG, Belli AM, MacGregor GA. "Apparent" heart failure: a syndrome caused by renal artery stenoses. Heart. Feb 2000;83(2):152-155. 81. Goldblatt H, Lynch J, Hanzal RF, Summerville WW. Studies on Experimental Hypertension : I. The Production of Persistent Elevation of Systolic Blood Pressure by Means of Renal Ischemia. J Exp Med. Feb 28 1934;59(3):347-379. 82. Korner PI. Cardiovascular hypertrophy and hypertension: causes and consequences. Blood Press Suppl. 1995;2:6-16. 83. Johansson M, Elam M, Rundqvist B, et al. Increased sympathetic nerve activity in renovascular hypertension. Circulation. May 18 1999;99(19):2537-2542. 84. Miyajima E, Yamada Y, Yoshida Y, et al. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity in renovascular hypertension and primary aldosteronism. Hypertension. Jun 1991;17(6 Pt 2):1057-1062. 85. Mathias CJ, Kooner JS, Peart S. Neurogenic components of hypertension in human renal artery stenosis. Clin Exp Hypertens A. 1987;9 Suppl 1:293-306. 86. Higashi Y, Sasaki S, Nakagawa K, Matsuura H, Oshima T, Chayama K. Endothelial function and oxidative stress in renovascular hypertension. N Engl J Med. Jun 20 2002;346(25):1954-1962. 87. Martin LG, Cork RD, Wells JO. Renal vein renin analysis: limitations of its use in predicting benefit from percutaneous angioplasty. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. Mar-Apr 1993;16(2):76-80. 88. Schreij G, van Es PN, Schiffers PM, Lavrijssen AT, de Leeuw PW. 'Captopril test', with blood pressure and peripheral renin as response variables in hypertensive patients with suspected renal artery stenosis. J Hum Hypertens. Sep 1995;9(9):741-746. 89. Krijnen P, van Jaarsveld BC, Deinum J, Steyerberg EW, Habbema JD. Which patients with hypertension and atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis benefit from immediate intervention? J Hum Hypertens. Feb 2004;18(2):91-96. 90. van Jaarsveld BC, Krijnen P. Prospective studies of diagnosis and intervention: the Dutch experience. Semin Nephrol. Sep 2000;20(5):463-473. 91. Baumgartner I, von Aesch K, Do DD, Triller J, Birrer M, Mahler F. Stent placement in ostial and nonostial atherosclerotic renal arterial stenoses: a prospective follow-up study. Radiology. Aug 2000;216(2):498-505. 92. Bucek RA, Puchner S, Reiter M, Dirisamer A, Minar E, Lammer J. Long-term follow-up after renal artery stenting. Wien Klin Wochenschr. Nov 28 2003;115(21-22):788-792. 93. Dorros G, Jaff M, Mathiak L, He T. Multicenter Palmaz stent renal artery stenosis revascularization registry report: four-year follow-up of 1,058 successful patients. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. Feb 2002;55(2):182-188. 94. Gill KS, Fowler RC. Atherosclerotic renal arterial stenosis: clinical outcomes of stent placement for hypertension and renal failure. Radiology. Mar 2003;226(3):821-826. 95. Lederman RJ, Mendelsohn FO, Santos R, Phillips HR, Stack RS, Crowley JJ. Primary renal artery stenting: characteristics and outcomes after 363 procedures. Am Heart J. Aug 2001;142(2):314-323. 96. Zeller T, Frank U, Muller C, et al. Stent-supported angioplasty of severe atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis preserves renal function and improves blood pressure control: long-term results from a prospective registry of 456 lesions. J Endovasc Ther. Apr 2004;11(2):95-106. 97. Cherr GS, Hansen KJ, Craven TE, et al. Surgical management of atherosclerotic renovascular disease. J Vasc Surg. Feb 2002;35(2):236-245. 98. Galaria, II, Surowiec SM, Rhodes JM, et al. Percutaneous and open renal revascularizations have equivalent long-term functional outcomes. Ann Vasc Surg. Mar 2005;19(2):218-228. 140 Hypertension Core Curriculum
99. Steinbach F, Novick AC, Campbell S, Dykstra D. Long-term survival after surgical revascularization for atherosclerotic renal artery disease. J Urol. Jul 1997;158(1):38-41. 100. Hansen KJ, Starr SM, Sands RE, Burkart JM, Plonk GW, Jr., Dean RH. Contemporary surgical management of renovascular disease. J Vasc Surg. Sep 1992;16(3):319-330; discussion 330- 311. 101. Muray S, Martin M, Amoedo ML, et al. Rapid decline in renal function reflects reversibility and predicts the outcome after angioplasty in renal artery stenosis. Am J Kidney Dis. Jan 2002;39(1):60-66. 102. Harden PN, MacLeod MJ, Rodger RS, et al. Effect of renal-artery stenting on progression of renovascular renal failure. Lancet. Apr 19 1997;349(9059):1133-1136. 103. Watson PS, Hadjipetrou P, Cox SV, Piemonte TC, Eisenhauer AC. Effect of renal artery stenting on renal function and size in patients with atherosclerotic renovascular disease. Circulation. Oct 3 2000;102(14):1671-1677. 104. Chaikof EL, Smith RB, 3rd, Salam AA, et al. Ischemic nephropathy and concomitant aortic disease: a ten-year experience. J Vasc Surg. Jan 1994;19(1):135-146; discussion 146-138. 105. Branchereau A, Ede B, Magnan PE, Rosset E, Mathieu JP. Surgery for asymptomatic carotid stenosis: a study of three patient subgroups. Ann Vasc Surg. Nov 1998;12(6):572-578. 106. Cambria RP. Surgery: Indications and Variables that Affect Procedural Outcome, as well as Morbidity and Mortality. J Invasive Cardiol. Jan 1998;10(1):55-58. 107. Ramos F, Kotliar C, Alvarez D, et al. Renal function and outcome of PTRA and stenting for atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis. Kidney Int. Jan 2003;63(1):276-282. 108. Rivolta R, Bazzi C, Stradiotti P, Paparella M. Stenting of renal artery stenosis: is it beneficial in chronic renal failure? J Nephrol. Nov-Dec 2005;18(6):749-754. 109. Eggers PW, Connerton R, McMullan M. The Medicare experience with end-stage renal disease: trends in incidence, prevalence, and survival. Health Care Financ Rev. Spring 1984;5(3):69-88. 110. Sheps SG, Osmundson PJ, Hunt JC, Schirger A, Fairbairn JF, 2nd. Hypertension and renal artery stenosis: seral observations on 54 patients treated medically. Clin Pharmacol Ther. Nov- Dec 1965;6(6):700-709. 111. Isles C, Main J, O'Connell J, et al. Survival associated with renovascular disease in Glasgow and Newcastle: a collaborative study. Scott Med J. Jun 1990;35(3):70-73. 112. Valentine RJ, Myers SI, Miller GL, Lopez MA, Clagett GP. Detection of unsuspected renal artery stenoses in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms: refined indications for preoperative aortography. Ann Vasc Surg. May 1993;7(3):220-224. 113. Kennedy DJ, Colyer WR, Brewster PS, et al. Renal insufficiency as a predictor of adverse events and mortality after renal artery stent placement. Am J Kidney Dis. Nov 2003;42(5):926- 935. 114. Bachorzewska-Gajewska H, Malyszko J, Sitniewska E, et al. Could neutrophil-gelatinaseassociated lipocalin and cystatin C predict the development of contrast-induced nephropathy after percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with stable angina and normal serum creatinine values? Kidney Blood Press Res. 2007;30(6):408-415. 115. coralclinicaltrial.org. 116. Textor SC, Wilcox CS. Renal artery stenosis: a common, treatable cause of renal failure? Annu Rev Med. 2001;52:421-442. 117. Broome DR. Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis associated with gadolinium based contrast agents: a summary of the medical literature reporting. Eur J Radiol. May 2008;66(2):230-234. 118. Nickolas TL, O'Rourke MJ, Yang J, et al. Sensitivity and specificity of a single emergency department measurement of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin for diagnosing acute kidney injury. Ann Intern Med. Jun 3 2008;148(11):810-819. 119. Stevens LA, Levey AS. Chronic kidney disease in the elderly--how to assess risk. N Engl J Med. May 19 2005;352(20):2122-2124. NKFM & MDCH 141
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MICHIGAN HYPERTENSION CORE CURRICUL
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April 2010 Dear Colleague: In 2005,
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Kevin L. Piggott, MD, MPH, FAAFP Pr
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Blood Pressure Measurement........
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10 Hypertension Core Curriculum Blo
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of the wrist. Additionally, there i
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asis. National guidelines recommend
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Post-Test Questions: 1. High BP is
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18 Hypertension Core Curriculum Ess
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Masked Hypertension is when the off
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TABLE 1. Prevalence of Awareness, T
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Blood Pressure, Circulatory Physiol
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side of the vascular tree. Arterial
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upon the other co-morbidities prese
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Table 3. Clinically Available Clues
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In the setting of chronic hypertens
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34 Hypertension Core Curriculum Tab
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cause greater disruption of CBF aut
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References/Suggested Reading Agabit
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40 Hypertension Core Curriculum Chr
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development of essential HTN can se
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Figures: Figure 1. Pie-chart with m
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Table 2 Table 3 Screening Test for
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References: 1. U.S. Renal Data Syst
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50 Hypertension Core Curriculum Spe
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side effects particularly well. A h
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14. Gaede P, Vedel P, Larsen N, Jen
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Learning Objectives: 56 Hypertensio
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glycemic risk factdors such as hype
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. Weight loss c. Weight gain d. A a
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References: 1. Association AD. All
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64 Hypertension Core Curriculum Spe
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foods and turn out of necessity to
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Figure 1: Table 1. Metabolic Syndro
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9. Singh GK, Kogan MD, Van Dyck PC,
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Incidence and Prevalence The overal
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access to healthy foods than their
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As a part of the approach to managi
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B Hypertensive Adults (rate, percen
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References: 1. Lewington S, Clarke
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82 Hypertension Core Curriculum
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appear to be related to access to c
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CDC MMWR Feb 24, 2006/55(07); 177-1
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Figure 1; Clinical presentation and
Page 90 and 91: 90 Hypertension Core Curriculum Phe
Page 92 and 93: ANY patient, who develops paroxysma
Page 94 and 95: Figure 1: 94 Hypertension Core Curr
Page 96 and 97: Objectives: 96 Hypertension Core Cu
Page 98 and 99: Definition Prevalence Clinical Feat
Page 100 and 101: intake. 4 Figure 1; Ion transport i
Page 102 and 103: loading with 200 mmoles (4.6 grams)
Page 104 and 105: Figure 3; Endocrine Society See tex
Page 106 and 107: INTRODUCTION 106 Hypertension Core
Page 108 and 109: Renal manifestations. Renal ischemi
Page 110 and 111: to assess renal dimensions and dupl
Page 112 and 113: stenosis severity. Patients with no
Page 114 and 115: ARAS, ischemic nephropathy, and imp
Page 116 and 117: the goals of minimizing injury to t
Page 118 and 119: hemodynamically impaired renal arte
Page 120 and 121: e classified as having “renovascu
Page 122 and 123: disease of the abdominal aorta and
Page 124 and 125: Table 1. Contemporary evaluation of
Page 126 and 127: 2. Screening tests for RAS RDU, MRA
Page 128 and 129: Manifestations of vital organ injur
Page 130 and 131: Table 6. Clinical evaluation of ren
Page 132 and 133: Table 9. Assessment of worsening re
Page 134 and 135: Table 11. New terminology for renal
Page 136 and 137: References: 1. Murphy TP, Soares G,
Page 138 and 139: 2001;12(6):1235-1241. 40. Subramani
Page 142 and 143: 142 Hypertension Core Curriculum Pr
Page 144 and 145: monitored hypertension screening an
Page 146 and 147: Policy Development: Public health p
Page 148 and 149: Med Clin North Am. Jan 2004;88(1):2
Page 150 and 151: mind they will have no problem iden
Page 152 and 153: Role of Race in the Selection of An
Page 154 and 155: individuals of any race or ethnicit
Page 156 and 157: Older Patients Need Elevated Systol
Page 158 and 159: sister, mother and father. A family
Page 160 and 161: ecause pressure-related retinopathy
Page 162 and 163: pulses (lower in the left arm). 4 C
Page 164 and 165: Vital signs suggestive of OSAHS. 20
Page 166 and 167: may shed light on underlying medica
Page 168 and 169: References: patients. 8 However, th
Page 170 and 171: Objectives: 170 Hypertension Core C
Page 172 and 173: and evidence that anti-hypertensive
Page 174 and 175: When subjects are given instruction
Page 176 and 177: interestingly found only a 6.0/4.6
Page 178 and 179: pressure: a meta-analysis of random
Page 180 and 181: isolated systolic hypertension have
Page 182 and 183: Compelling Indications for Specific
Page 184 and 185: 3.) Beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors,
Page 186 and 187: treatment levels - albeit though at
Page 188 and 189: Preparations and Dosage: Oral antih
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Preparations and Dosages: The Oral
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patients with tachy-brady syndrome
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significant proteinuria. Pharmacolo
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the effect found by the ACE inhibit
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and nominally statistically signifi
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sensitive K+-channels in vascular s
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clonidine (Catapres†) 0.1-0.8 mg
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Learning Objectives 204 Hypertensio
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general, the response to beta-block
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Table 2: (JNC VII, 2004) 208 Hypert
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Learning objectives: 210 Hypertensi
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ecently published RCT investigated
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Post-test question: 35y/o male w/ h
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Orthostatic Hypotension Pretest que
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BP. It is important to note that la
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1- Fludrocortisone : a mineralocort
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References: 1. Hiitola P, Enlund H,
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www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu/.../Image
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Learning objectives: 226 Hypertensi
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controlled BP to have been victimiz
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Treatment of Secondary Causes of Hy
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4-Direct vasodilators (e.g.minoxidi
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Hypertension. Aug 2003;42(2):161-16
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emergency by virtue of the associat
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY The underlying mech
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trials included a placebo arm. Seve
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an indication for careful and modes
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ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY (AKI) In additi
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Blood Pressure Research Council, an
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[ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensi
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y sodium restriction or the use of
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44 months 24 , and were also seen i
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• Hypertension in dialysis patien
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GISEN Group (Gruppo Italiano di Stu
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258 Hypertension Core Curriculum
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DEFINITION AND CLASSIFICATION Hyper
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etween adult socioeconomic position
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women treated with atenolol in earl
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Obstet Gynecol. Dec 12 2008. 5. Vol
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able to dissipate the pressure rise
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Use of Dihydropyridine Calcium Anta
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272 Hypertension Core Curriculum Ca
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Case 4 Hypertensive patient with CK
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Case 6 276 Hypertension Core Curric
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year. Sodium restriction and weight
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What may be causing these new sympt
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