michigan hypertension core curriculum - State of Michigan

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References: 1. Murphy TP, Soares G, Kim M. Increase in utilization of percutaneous renal artery interventions by medicare beneficiaries, 1996-2000. AJR Am J Roentgenol. Sep 2004;183(3):561-568. 2. Cooper CJ, Murphy TP. Is renal artery stenting the correct treatment of renal artery stenosis? The case for renal artery stenting for treatment of renal artery stenosis. Circulation. Jan 16 2007;115(2):263-269; discussion 270. 3. Dworkin LD, Jamerson KA. Is renal artery stenting the correct treatment of renal artery stenosis? Case against angioplasty and stenting of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis. Circulation. Jan 16 2007;115(2):271-276; discussion 276. 4. Begelman SM, Olin JW. Fibromuscular dysplasia. Curr Opin Rheumatol. Jan 2000;12(1):41-47. 5. Slovut DP, Olin JW. Fibromuscular dysplasia. N Engl J Med. Apr 29 2004;350(18):1862-1871. 6. Hirsch AT, Haskal ZJ, Hertzer NR, et al. ACC/AHA 2005 Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with peripheral arterial disease (lower extremity, renal, mesenteric, and abdominal aortic): a collaborative report from the American Association for Vascular Surgery/ Society for Vascular Surgery, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology, Society of Interventional Radiology, and the ACC/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease): endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Society for Vascular Nursing; TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus; and Vascular Disease Foundation. Circulation. Mar 21 2006;113(11):e463-654. 7. Hansen KJ, Edwards MS, Craven TE, et al. Prevalence of renovascular disease in the elderly: a population-based study. J Vasc Surg. Sep 2002;36(3):443-451. 8. Safian RD, Textor SC. Renal-artery stenosis. N Engl J Med. Feb 8 2001;344(6):431-442. 9. Caps MT, Zierler RE, Polissar NL, et al. Risk of atrophy in kidneys with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis. Kidney Int. Mar 1998;53(3):735-742. 10. Rimmer JM, Gennari FJ. Atherosclerotic renovascular disease and progressive renal failure. Ann Intern Med. May 1 1993;118(9):712-719. 11. Mailloux LU, Bellucci AG, Mossey RT, et al. Predictors of survival in patients undergoing dialysis. Am J Med. May 1988;84(5):855-862. 12. Scoble JE, Maher ER, Hamilton G, Dick R, Sweny P, Moorhead JF. Atherosclerotic renovascular disease causing renal impairment--a case for treatment. Clin Nephrol. Mar 1989;31(3):119-122. 13. Mailloux LU, Napolitano B, Bellucci AG, Vernace M, Wilkes BM, Mossey RT. Renal vascular disease causing end-stage renal disease, incidence, clinical correlates, and outcomes: a 20year clinical experience. Am J Kidney Dis. Oct 1994;24(4):622-629. 14. Wollenweber J, Sheps SG, Davis GD. Clinical course of atherosclerotic renovascular disease. Am J Cardiol. Jan 1968;21(1):60-71. 15. Pillay WR, Kan YM, Crinnion JN, Wolfe JH. Prospective multicentre study of the natural history of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis in patients with peripheral vascular disease. Br J Surg. Jun 2002;89(6):737-740. 16. Leertouwer TC, Gussenhoven EJ, Bosch JL, et al. Stent placement for renal arterial stenosis: where do we stand? A meta-analysis. Radiology. Jul 2000;216(1):78-85. 17. Hoffman O, Carreres T, Sapoval MR, et al. Ostial renal artery stenosis angioplasty: immediate and mid-term angiographic and clinical results. J Vasc Interv Radiol. Jan-Feb 1998;9(1 Pt 1):65- 73. 18. Grim CE, Luft FC, Yune HY, Klatte EC, Weinberger MH. Percutaneous transluminal dilatation in the treatment of renal vascular hypertension. Ann Intern Med. Oct 1981;95(4):439-442. 19. van de Ven PJ, Kaatee R, Beutler JJ, et al. Arterial stenting and balloon angioplasty in ostial atherosclerotic renovascular disease: a randomised trial. Lancet. Jan 23 1999;353(9149):282- 136 Hypertension Core Curriculum
286. 20. White CJ. Catheter-based therapy for atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis. Circulation. Mar 21 2006;113(11):1464-1473. 21. White CJ, Ramee SR, Collins TJ, Jenkins JS, Escobar A, Shaw D. Renal artery stent placement: utility in lesions difficult to treat with balloon angioplasty. J Am Coll Cardiol. Nov 15 1997;30(6):1445-1450. 22. Davis BA, Crook JE, Vestal RE, Oates JA. Prevalence of renovascular hypertension in patients with grade III or IV hypertensive retinopathy. N Engl J Med. Dec 6 1979;301(23):1273-1276. 23. Textor SC. Renal failure related to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Semin Nephrol. Jan 1997;17(1):67-76. 24. Hricik DE, Browning PJ, Kopelman R, Goorno WE, Madias NE, Dzau VJ. Captopril-induced functional renal insufficiency in patients with bilateral renal-artery stenoses or renal-artery stenosis in a solitary kidney. N Engl J Med. Feb 17 1983;308(7):373-376. 25. Gifford RW, Jr., McCormack LJ, Poutasse EF. The atrophic kidney: its role in hypertension. Mayo Clin Proc. Nov 1965;40(11):834-852. 26. Olin JW, Melia M, Young JR, Graor RA, Risius B. Prevalence of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis in patients with atherosclerosis elsewhere. Am J Med. Jan 1990;88(1N):46N-51N. 27. Gray BH, Olin JW, Childs MB, Sullivan TM, Bacharach JM. Clinical benefit of renal artery angioplasty with stenting for the control of recurrent and refractory congestive heart failure. Vasc Med. 2002;7(4):275-279. 28. Diamond JR. Flash pulmonary edema and the diagnostic suspicion of occult renal artery stenosis. Am J Kidney Dis. Mar 1993;21(3):328-330. 29. Gill WM, Jr., Pudvan WR. The arteriographic diagnosis of renal parenchymal diseases. Radiology. Jul 1970;96(1):81-84. 30. Dyer RB, Munitz HA, Bechtold R, Choplin RH. The abnormal nephrogram. Radiographics. Nov 1986;6(6):1039-1063. 31. Halpern M. Angiography in chronic renal disease and renal failure. Radiol Clin North Am. Dec 1972;10(3):467-494. 32. Radermacher J, Chavan A, Bleck J, et al. Use of Doppler ultrasonography to predict the outcome of therapy for renal-artery stenosis. N Engl J Med. Feb 8 2001;344(6):410-417. 33. Zeller T, Muller C, Frank U, et al. Stent angioplasty of severe atherosclerotic ostial renal artery stenosis in patients with diabetes mellitus and nephrosclerosis. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. Apr 2003;58(4):510-515. 34. Zeller T, Frank U, Muller C, et al. Predictors of improved renal function after percutaneous stentsupported angioplasty of severe atherosclerotic ostial renal artery stenosis. Circulation. Nov 4 2003;108(18):2244-2249. 35. Levey AS, Bosch JP, Lewis JB, Greene T, Rogers N, Roth D. A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: a new prediction equation. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group. Ann Intern Med. Mar 16 1999;130(6):461-470. 36. Hanzel G, Balon H, Wong O, Soffer D, Lee DT, Safian RD. Prospective evaluation of aggressive medical therapy for atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis, with renal artery stenting reserved for previously injured heart, brain, or kidney. Am J Cardiol. Nov 1 2005;96(9):1322-1327. 37. Dean RH, Tribble RW, Hansen KJ, O'Neil E, Craven TE, Redding JF, 2nd. Evolution of renal insufficiency in ischemic nephropathy. Ann Surg. May 1991;213(5):446-455; discussion 455- 446. 38. Leertouwer TC, Derkx FH, Pattynama PM, Deinum J, van Dijk LC, Schalekamp MA. Functional effects of renal artery stent placement on treated and contralateral kidneys. Kidney Int. Aug 2002;62(2):574-579. 39. La Batide-Alanore A, Azizi M, Froissart M, Raynaud A, Plouin PF. Split renal function outcome after renal angioplasty in patients with unilateral renal artery stenosis. J Am Soc Nephrol. Jun NKFM & MDCH 137
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MICHIGAN HYPERTENSION CORE CURRICUL
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April 2010 Dear Colleague: In 2005,
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Kevin L. Piggott, MD, MPH, FAAFP Pr
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Blood Pressure Measurement........
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10 Hypertension Core Curriculum Blo
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of the wrist. Additionally, there i
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asis. National guidelines recommend
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Post-Test Questions: 1. High BP is
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18 Hypertension Core Curriculum Ess
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Masked Hypertension is when the off
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TABLE 1. Prevalence of Awareness, T
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Blood Pressure, Circulatory Physiol
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side of the vascular tree. Arterial
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upon the other co-morbidities prese
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Table 3. Clinically Available Clues
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In the setting of chronic hypertens
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34 Hypertension Core Curriculum Tab
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cause greater disruption of CBF aut
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References/Suggested Reading Agabit
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40 Hypertension Core Curriculum Chr
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development of essential HTN can se
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Figures: Figure 1. Pie-chart with m
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Table 2 Table 3 Screening Test for
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References: 1. U.S. Renal Data Syst
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50 Hypertension Core Curriculum Spe
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side effects particularly well. A h
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14. Gaede P, Vedel P, Larsen N, Jen
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Learning Objectives: 56 Hypertensio
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glycemic risk factdors such as hype
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. Weight loss c. Weight gain d. A a
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References: 1. Association AD. All
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64 Hypertension Core Curriculum Spe
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foods and turn out of necessity to
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Figure 1: Table 1. Metabolic Syndro
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9. Singh GK, Kogan MD, Van Dyck PC,
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Incidence and Prevalence The overal
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access to healthy foods than their
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As a part of the approach to managi
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B Hypertensive Adults (rate, percen
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References: 1. Lewington S, Clarke
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82 Hypertension Core Curriculum
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appear to be related to access to c
Page 86 and 87: CDC MMWR Feb 24, 2006/55(07); 177-1
Page 88 and 89: Figure 1; Clinical presentation and
Page 90 and 91: 90 Hypertension Core Curriculum Phe
Page 92 and 93: ANY patient, who develops paroxysma
Page 94 and 95: Figure 1: 94 Hypertension Core Curr
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Page 98 and 99: Definition Prevalence Clinical Feat
Page 100 and 101: intake. 4 Figure 1; Ion transport i
Page 102 and 103: loading with 200 mmoles (4.6 grams)
Page 104 and 105: Figure 3; Endocrine Society See tex
Page 106 and 107: INTRODUCTION 106 Hypertension Core
Page 108 and 109: Renal manifestations. Renal ischemi
Page 110 and 111: to assess renal dimensions and dupl
Page 112 and 113: stenosis severity. Patients with no
Page 114 and 115: ARAS, ischemic nephropathy, and imp
Page 116 and 117: the goals of minimizing injury to t
Page 118 and 119: hemodynamically impaired renal arte
Page 120 and 121: e classified as having “renovascu
Page 122 and 123: disease of the abdominal aorta and
Page 124 and 125: Table 1. Contemporary evaluation of
Page 126 and 127: 2. Screening tests for RAS RDU, MRA
Page 128 and 129: Manifestations of vital organ injur
Page 130 and 131: Table 6. Clinical evaluation of ren
Page 132 and 133: Table 9. Assessment of worsening re
Page 134 and 135: Table 11. New terminology for renal
Page 138 and 139: 2001;12(6):1235-1241. 40. Subramani
Page 140 and 141: 78. Tami LF, McElderry MW, al-Adli
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Page 144 and 145: monitored hypertension screening an
Page 146 and 147: Policy Development: Public health p
Page 148 and 149: Med Clin North Am. Jan 2004;88(1):2
Page 150 and 151: mind they will have no problem iden
Page 152 and 153: Role of Race in the Selection of An
Page 154 and 155: individuals of any race or ethnicit
Page 156 and 157: Older Patients Need Elevated Systol
Page 158 and 159: sister, mother and father. A family
Page 160 and 161: ecause pressure-related retinopathy
Page 162 and 163: pulses (lower in the left arm). 4 C
Page 164 and 165: Vital signs suggestive of OSAHS. 20
Page 166 and 167: may shed light on underlying medica
Page 168 and 169: References: patients. 8 However, th
Page 170 and 171: Objectives: 170 Hypertension Core C
Page 172 and 173: and evidence that anti-hypertensive
Page 174 and 175: When subjects are given instruction
Page 176 and 177: interestingly found only a 6.0/4.6
Page 178 and 179: pressure: a meta-analysis of random
Page 180 and 181: isolated systolic hypertension have
Page 182 and 183: Compelling Indications for Specific
Page 184 and 185: 3.) Beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors,
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treatment levels - albeit though at
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Preparations and Dosage: Oral antih
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Preparations and Dosages: The Oral
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patients with tachy-brady syndrome
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significant proteinuria. Pharmacolo
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the effect found by the ACE inhibit
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and nominally statistically signifi
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sensitive K+-channels in vascular s
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clonidine (Catapres†) 0.1-0.8 mg
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Learning Objectives 204 Hypertensio
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general, the response to beta-block
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Table 2: (JNC VII, 2004) 208 Hypert
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Learning objectives: 210 Hypertensi
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ecently published RCT investigated
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Post-test question: 35y/o male w/ h
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Orthostatic Hypotension Pretest que
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BP. It is important to note that la
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1- Fludrocortisone : a mineralocort
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References: 1. Hiitola P, Enlund H,
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www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu/.../Image
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Learning objectives: 226 Hypertensi
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controlled BP to have been victimiz
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Treatment of Secondary Causes of Hy
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4-Direct vasodilators (e.g.minoxidi
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Hypertension. Aug 2003;42(2):161-16
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emergency by virtue of the associat
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY The underlying mech
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trials included a placebo arm. Seve
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an indication for careful and modes
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ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY (AKI) In additi
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Blood Pressure Research Council, an
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[ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensi
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y sodium restriction or the use of
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44 months 24 , and were also seen i
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• Hypertension in dialysis patien
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GISEN Group (Gruppo Italiano di Stu
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258 Hypertension Core Curriculum
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DEFINITION AND CLASSIFICATION Hyper
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etween adult socioeconomic position
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women treated with atenolol in earl
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Obstet Gynecol. Dec 12 2008. 5. Vol
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able to dissipate the pressure rise
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Use of Dihydropyridine Calcium Anta
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272 Hypertension Core Curriculum Ca
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Case 4 Hypertensive patient with CK
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Case 6 276 Hypertension Core Curric
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year. Sodium restriction and weight
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What may be causing these new sympt
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