michigan hypertension core curriculum - State of Michigan

Table 1. Contemporary evaluation of renal vascular diseases.
Causes of Renal Artery Stenosis (RAS)
Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD)
Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS)
Inflammatory diseases and vasculitis
Congenital abnormalities
Clinical manifestations of RAS (see Table 2, Section 1).
Hypertension: Resistant, accelerated, and malignant
Renal: Acute and chronic renal failure
Cardiovascular: Acute cardiac, aortic and cerebral injury
Diagnosis of RAS (See Table 2, Section 2).
Rely on imaging techniques (RDU, MRA, CTA)
Invasive angiography in select patients (Table 4)
Avoid assessment of renin activity
Assess relationship between RAS and vital-organs
Renal, cardiac, and cerebral injury (Table 3)
Distinguish renal ischemia from nephropathy (Table 5, Table 6)
Avoid renal injury during revascularization (Table 7)
Arrange appropriate follow-up
Abbreviations: RDU=renal duplex ultrasound, MRA= magnetic resonance angiography,
CTA=computerized tomography angiography
124 Hypertension Core Curriculum