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-. There were other kinds of marriage such as al-Kh; dan, marriage (friendship marriage). ' This was a secret relationship between a man and a woman based on mutual agreement between them 0- without any legal. contract and they were known as 'secret lovers'* 1 In general, this kind of relationship was considered as adultery rather than a marriage because there was no dowry and no contract. Some historians say that Jahiliyyah people forbade open adultery and condoned the secret one. And they said blatant adultery was shameful, but secret adultery was not harmful. Qurlan says 2 Islam forbade all these kind of sexual relationships as the : "Wed them with the leave of their owners, and give them, their dowries, according to what is reasonable:, they should be chaste, not lustful, nor taking paramours when they are taken-in wedlock. " 3-,; - Another kind of marriage -was polyandry. In fact,, historians - did not considei'this kind as a marriage, but they regarded it as 4 prostitution. '' In this, marriage, one woman chose fewer than ten men to commit adultery with her and if, she became pregnant, she - would send for them to choose ý one of them - to - be the - father and the man - selected could not refuse. If the child was a boy, he'could carry his name. but if she was a girl, she (the prostitute)a would not inform him of-the birth. - 5, Polyandry is the opposite of-polYgamY, where one man marries a number of women. Some sociologists supposed that this kind of marriage was due to the custom of burying daughters alive which diminished the number of women in the Arab society* 1. Ibid 2. Ibid 3 Q4 25 4: IAI-is Vol. 4. P. 540 59 Ibid 6. Ibid 6 27
However. Islam forbade this kind of marriage on the grounds that it was a sort of fornication and that there was no dowry or engagemento but the aim behind it was simply enjoyment and spending time in pleasure. Adultery The widespread occurrence of adultery through the Peninsula contributed to the oppression of women. since the man involved generally went unpunished and society encouraged him to take pride in his manly achievement with women. Moreover. his wife had no right to prosecute him legally. However, it is probable that her relatives sometimes took private action against'him. Furthermore, he might be punished by the relatives of the woman with whom he committed adultery. in revenge for her honour. 1 This state of affairsýagain_ illustrates contradictory elements within the society since the woman's rights were sometimes protected yet sometimes disregarded. The Islamic position on the question of adultery was revealed when Hind 9 Bint Utba went to the Prophet to become a Muslim after the conquest of Mecca. In the course of teaching her the basis of Islam. this verse was revealed: "Prophetl When believing women come to thee to take the oath of fealty to thee, that they will not associate in worship any other thing whatever with God, that they will not steal, that they will not commit adultery. that they will not kill their children, that they will not utter slander. " 2 Hind's retortg "But Prophet of Godq could a free woman 3 commit fornication ?" supplies evidence that in Jahiliyyah. a wife or a free woman sometimes had a secret relationship with a man without consent and it was considered as a kind of friendship 1. 'All, op. cit. # Vol. 5. Po 561 2. Q. 60 : 12 3. Zakria. op. cit.. P. 20 28
- Page 1 and 2: THE CHANGING POSITION OF WOMEN IN A
- Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to exp
- Page 5 and 6: INTRODUCTION The Islamic and Arabic
- Page 7 and 8: The status of women in Islamic and
- Page 9 and 10: civilization or of both combined. S
- Page 11 and 12: funcultivatable valley', although i
- Page 13 and 14: 2) The second source of support was
- Page 15 and 16: and would not take them captive, be
- Page 17 and 18: fight Muslims; not satisfied with t
- Page 19 and 20: From the Qurlan, we know that she w
- Page 21 and 22: would not marry at all unless she h
- Page 23 and 24: unequal match. "If you can't find a
- Page 25 and 26: ut also among the Hebrews and Arame
- Page 27 and 28: that The fact is/ this marriage doe
- Page 29: elated to the economic and social c
- Page 33 and 34: How was the wife treated Most of th
- Page 35 and 36: 49 Another example is the Zainah ma
- Page 37 and 38: 'Excepýi for rare cases in countri
- Page 39 and 40: ArZý; The wife of Shai used to dis
- Page 41 and 42: A man could divorce his wife. remar
- Page 43 and 44: women as the Qurlan says: For those
- Page 45 and 46: divorce. the man takes compensation
- Page 47 and 48: The Woman's Inheritance in Pre-Isla
- Page 49 and 50: among his children. giving to a mal
- Page 51 and 52: asking him to bring his mother, Lay
- Page 53 and 54: Burying Daughters Alive In Pre-Isla
- Page 55 and 56: 2. The second motive was the fear t
- Page 57 and 58: "But infanticide was not a new thin
- Page 59 and 60: Or was it at any' specific age ? Th
- Page 61 and 62: some mothers must have felt that it
- Page 63 and 64: So it is not surprising that the tw
- Page 65 and 66: 0 The Qurlan caýe prohibiting this
- Page 67 and 68: CHAPTER TWO In the previous chapter
- Page 69 and 70: Ia I "As to the thief. male or fema
- Page 71 and 72: to defend the tribe or bring in boo
- Page 73 and 74: For the majority of Arab men, this
- Page 75 and 76: the Islamic system for sharing out
- Page 77 and 78: Marriage in Islam The family is the
- Page 79 and 80: A tradition reported that. "when a
-. There were other kinds <strong>of</strong> marriage such as al-Kh; dan, marriage<br />
(friendship<br />
marriage). ' This was a secret relationship between a<br />
man and a woman based on mutual agreement between them 0- without any<br />
legal. contract and they were known as 'secret lovers'* 1<br />
In general,<br />
this kind <strong>of</strong> relationship was considered as adultery rather than a<br />
marriage because there was no dowry and no contract. Some historians<br />
say that Jahiliyyah people forbade open adultery and condoned the<br />
secret one. And they said blatant adultery was shameful, but secret<br />
adultery was not harmful.<br />
Qurlan says<br />
2<br />
Islam forbade all these kind <strong>of</strong> sexual relationships as the<br />
:<br />
"Wed them with the leave <strong>of</strong> their owners, and give<br />
them, their dowries, according to what is reasonable:,<br />
they should be chaste, not lustful, nor taking<br />
paramours when they are taken-in wedlock. " 3-,; -<br />
Another kind <strong>of</strong> marriage -was polyandry. In fact,, historians -<br />
did not considei'this kind as a marriage, but they regarded it as<br />
4<br />
prostitution. '' In this, marriage, one woman chose fewer than ten<br />
men to commit adultery with her and if, she became pregnant, she -<br />
would send for them to choose ý one <strong>of</strong> them - to - be the - father and the man -<br />
selected could not refuse. If the child was a boy, he'could carry<br />
his name. but if she was a girl, she (the prostitute)a would not<br />
inform him <strong>of</strong>-the birth. - 5, Polyandry is the opposite <strong>of</strong>-polYgamY,<br />
where one man marries a number <strong>of</strong> women. Some sociologists supposed<br />
that this kind <strong>of</strong> marriage was due to the custom <strong>of</strong> burying daughters<br />
alive which diminished the number <strong>of</strong> women in the Arab society*<br />
1. Ibid<br />
2. Ibid<br />
3 Q4 25<br />
4: IAI-is Vol. 4. P. 540<br />
59 Ibid<br />
6. Ibid<br />
6<br />
27
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