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through slapping their, faces, tearing their clothes and wailing which had been customary in Jahiliyyah. Furthermore. the period of mourning was reduced froni one year to three days except In the case of the death of a' husband, when the period was four months ten days, as mentioned earlier. When a group of women converted to Islam, the Prophet extracted a personal pledge from them that they would observe these changes. The purpose of forbidding excessive 'Outward displays of grief was in order to nurture greater inner patience and endurance under stress and in crisis. One of the examples of faithful women who demonstrated great forbearance in, crisis was the well-known poetess. al-Khanra: "Her life spans'a time of unrest in the history of Arabia, the years before the rise of the Prophet Muhammad and the acceptance of his message. For history has recorded the extent and depth of the grief she experienced and demonstrated at the loss of her brothers, Sakhr and Mulawiyyah as she says: "What have we done to you, death, That you treat us so with always another catch. One day a warrior, the next day a head of state, Charmed by the loyal, you chose the best. " 2 She was considered talented, "Her poetry, from the time of her brother's death assumed a dark and sombre quality, but the most severe critics, past and present, attest to its magnificence. The Prohpet'himself is said to have been very fond. of her poetry and often asked her to recite for him when she was in his company. 1. -See Fernea. Elizabeth & Bezingan, Basima, op. cit. o P. 39 & Ibn 2. Ibid ýajar, op, cit., Vol. 8, P. 66 1'67
However, history also recorded the patience and strength she demonstrated after her conversion. Her sons took part in the Battle of al-ýadisiyyah. and before they left, hzradvice to them was to be forbearing and fearless. The four sons later fell in the battle and when news reached al-Khans;! she showed great courage and dignity and her only response was, "I consider it an honour that they died for the sake of Islam. I ask only that God allow me to meet them in Paradise. " Another woman, Umm Sal7Jm Bint MilhZi al Ansariyyah. who was one of the early converts to Islam in Mecca and one of the people who followed the Prophet showed endurance specifically for the sake of her faith. Her conversion was against the will of her I husband, Malik ibn al-Nadi-r. However, she taught their small child everything about Islam, despite her husband's objection. M71ik would become furious and say to her, "Do not ruin my son. " However, he gave up on her and left for Syria and there he met his fate. She brought Ans up on her own and when he was a young boy, Ab; u- Talhah Zayd ibn Sahl who was an idolator, proposed to her. She refused to marry him because he was not a Muslim, but still discussed Islam with him and tried to persuade him to convert to Islam, telling him that those idols which he worshipped were worthless, with no power either to harm or benefit anyone. Islam finally became established in his heart, and he converted, and then she married him. 2 'With regard to her fortitude in times of trial and misfortune, her son recounts: "My half brother fell ill one day while Abu' Talhah 00 1. Ibid 2. Ibn Uajar, op. cit-# VOle and Ibn Slad op cit-9 Vol 168 8, P. 243, & Ibn al-Athi'r, op. cit.. P. 245 . 8, P. 311
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THE CHANGING POSITION OF WOMEN IN A
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to exp
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INTRODUCTION The Islamic and Arabic
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The status of women in Islamic and
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civilization or of both combined. S
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funcultivatable valley', although i
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2) The second source of support was
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and would not take them captive, be
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fight Muslims; not satisfied with t
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From the Qurlan, we know that she w
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would not marry at all unless she h
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unequal match. "If you can't find a
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ut also among the Hebrews and Arame
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that The fact is/ this marriage doe
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elated to the economic and social c
Page 31 and 32:
However. Islam forbade this kind of
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How was the wife treated Most of th
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49 Another example is the Zainah ma
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'Excepýi for rare cases in countri
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ArZý; The wife of Shai used to dis
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A man could divorce his wife. remar
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women as the Qurlan says: For those
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divorce. the man takes compensation
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The Woman's Inheritance in Pre-Isla
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among his children. giving to a mal
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asking him to bring his mother, Lay
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Burying Daughters Alive In Pre-Isla
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2. The second motive was the fear t
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"But infanticide was not a new thin
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Or was it at any' specific age ? Th
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some mothers must have felt that it
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So it is not surprising that the tw
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0 The Qurlan caýe prohibiting this
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CHAPTER TWO In the previous chapter
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Ia I "As to the thief. male or fema
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to defend the tribe or bring in boo
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For the majority of Arab men, this
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the Islamic system for sharing out
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Marriage in Islam The family is the
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A tradition reported that. "when a
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I. The first kind includes those wo
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2. Also. Islam has forbidden a man'
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However. a man can get married to a
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I c Ati"said, No. ýnless she is wi
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ut the woman can not have two husba
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His chief duty is to see that the p
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Dowry in Islam. is the wife's right
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iron ring. " The man went and searc
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, without , paying it. If a man div
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give me what is sufficient for me a
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discuss later with divorce in Islam
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excuses as the Prophet said: "If a
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The idea behind the Qurlanic verse
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men are killed. leaving widows and
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for another wife for her husband in
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Divorce in Islam Islam considers ma
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Beating (Lightly): If the husband d
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period (idda) as the Qurlan states:
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6 114 family's house together with
Page 119 and 120: is to give the opportunity to notic
Page 121 and 122: On that, Allah's Apostle said (to h
Page 123 and 124: 4: his father. Ibn Umar said, 'The
Page 125 and 126: -"The mothers ' shall give two whol
Page 127 and 128: then he could force her to marry so
Page 129 and 130: should support her financially unti
Page 131 and 132: The right of a woman as a mother in
Page 133 and 134: Also: "Serve God, and join not any
Page 135 and 136: KHADIJAH BINT KHUWAYLID The longest
Page 137 and 138: The marriage was effected through t
Page 139 and 140: It must be taken into consideration
Page 141 and 142: "Of the days of her childhood and e
Page 143 and 144: 4- , "Alisha. although young, was m
Page 145 and 146: "How do you know that? " "When you
Page 147 and 148: "Take half your religion from this
Page 149 and 150: and the leaders who wereicompanions
Page 151 and 152: Although her actions in this event
Page 153 and 154: the depth of sadness that her fathe
Page 155 and 156: The Prophet was elated by the birth
Page 157 and 158: 154 The Prophet' a, special love to
Page 159 and 160: Time passed and F; timah still rema
Page 161 and 162: just to save their lives. 1 As for
Page 163 and 164: It is said a Qurlanic verse was rev
Page 165 and 166: At the beginning of the battles, th
Page 167 and 168: There were many occasions when Musl
Page 169: ln*Ukaz marketplace. It was not too
Page 173 and 174: CONCLUSION Inconclusion, the triump
Page 175 and 176: BIBLIOGRAPHY Abbot, Nabia, Aishah t
Page 177 and 178: Holt. P. M. Lambton 9 AN. W. K.. Le
Page 179 and 180: Roberts, Robert, Social Laws of the
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