THE PHILIPPINE WATER BUFFALO

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the least square analysis revealed no significant differences (P> 0.05) in heterosis estimates between farm species (S) and between breed’s contribution to the blood composition of crossbred progeny as a measure of heterozygosity in different crossbreeding systems. Heterosis reports in the Philippines and other countries also do not vary significantly (P>0.05). However, heterosis values were significantly influenced (P0.01) by the type of formula used to estimate heterosis (F) and character group (C). Heterosis based on one parent only were overestimates of heterosis based on mid parent average. Growth and yield traits exhibited substantially higher heterosis than product quality and cost reduction traits. The high heterosis values in highly heritable traits may be attributed to the “additive x additive” epistatic term in the many loci model described by Willham and Pollk (1984) or a result of improving the average genetic merit of the foundation breeds used in the cross, as suggested by Warwick and Legates (1979). Significant interaction effects (P
and broken horn were common among the native cattle and carabaos. Short dropping rump, upstanding body, sway-back, splayfoot, tron nasal septum, blind eye, and lame hind leg were frequent among the carabaos. Thirtyeight head, or 25.8 percent of the male native cattle and 45 head or 30.6 percent of the female, were for breeding purposes; 11 head, or 34.7 percent of the male carabaos, and 120 head or 35.9 percent were also for breeding. The work cattle were for carting and plowing upland areas, the work carabaos, for plowing upland and lowland fields. Two hundred seventy-nine native cattle slaughtered from August 1945 to August 1946, retailed at Php 3.50 a kilo of lean meat in Los Baños and Php 4.00 in Calamba and Cabuyao. A kilo of lean meat and bone was Php 3.00 in Los Baños and Calamba and Php 3.0 in Cabuyao. The 28 native carabaos slaughtered retailed at Php 2.50 a kilo of lean meat and Php 2.00 a kilo of lean meat and bone. Native cattle for beef was sold at an average of Php 171.40 each and those for breeding Php 500.00. The native work carabaos sold for Php 435.91 each. The native cattle and carabaos were, in general, medium in condition or degree of fatness. The animals were turned loose in the rice fields and neglected areas after harvest, but at planting time they were grazed in a limited area. Keywords: cattle, carabao, physical characteristics, economic value *B. S. A. Thesis, Department of Animal Husbandry, CA, UPLB (1946). Also in Philippine Agriculturist, 35(3):163-169. B-16 PROPOSAL: NEW SCIENTIFIC NAME OF THE DOMESTICATED SWAMP BUFFALO, THE CARABAO – Bubalus bubalis carabanensis Sp. Nov., Castillo 1998)* L. S. Castillo, Academician, NAST and Emeritus Professor, UPLB The water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis Linn) has two groups, namely the swamp buffalo typified by the carabao and the riverine buffalo, typified by the Murrah. The proposal for a new subspecific name of the swamp buffalo, Bubalus bubalis carabanensis {(Sub) Sp. Nov. Castillo, 1998} is suggested because of important differences between the two types. Carabao has 48 chromosomes while Murrah has 50. Furthermore, the relative size of chromosome no. 1 in carabao is longer with metacentric centromere while the Murrah has shorter size with submetacentric centromere. The carabao is light gray whereas the rurrah is black to jet black. The carabao stockings from the knees/hocks to the hoofs are whitish in color but are black in Murrah. There is a whitish chevron/s in the ventral side BREEDING AND GENETICS of the neck of the carabao but not in the Murrah. The horns of the carabao are curved upward and inward to form approximately a semi-circle (crescent horns) but in the Murrah they are curved or coiled backward and up. Keywords: Philippine carabao scientific name *20 th Annual Scientific Meeting of the National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, July 8-9, 1998, Westin Philippine Plaza. B-17 CHROMOSOMAL ANALYSIS OF PHILIPPINE CARABAO (Bubalus carabanensis) K. M. R. Contawe, Student, DAS-CA, CLSU This study was conducted to prepare karyotype of male and female Philippine carabao. Chromosome analysis of Giemsa stained lymphocytes culture was done on 5 male and 5 female Philippine carabao. The karyotype of the Philippine carabao (2n=48) consisted of 6 metacentric, 4 submetacentric, 38 acrocentric including the sex chromosome (X and Y). A total of 76 cells were observed of which 9 were in good condition. These good conditions were characterized as having a distinctly identifiable complete chromosome, while 67 were not in good state having clustered, scattered and too difficult to count chromosomes. Morphological characteristics of the chromosome of the Philippine carabao (male and female) are very similar except for the Y chromosome of the male Philippine carabao which has small acrocentric. Keywords: Philippine carabao, chromosomal analysis *Undergraduate Thesis, Central Luzon State University, Muñoz, Nueva Ecija (2001). B-18 EFFECTIVE UTILIZATION AND CONSERVATION OF INDIGENOUS ANIMALS GENETIC RESOURCES: DEVELOPMENT OF THE CARABAO IN THE PHILIPPINES* L. C. Cruz, Executive Director, PCC-OED, DA Effectively utilization of indigenous animals genetic resources is discussed with specific reference to experience with research and development of the carabao in the Philippines. The paper puts into perspective the presence of genetic diversity, recent developments in breed improvement, future challenges to develop crossbred animals for smallholders and the importance of conservation. Data are given on the distribution of an estimated population 53
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ABSTRACT OF RESEARCHES ON THE PHILI
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USER’S GUIDE The book contains pu
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT Grateful recognition
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CONTENTS Inoc, J. G. and C. P. Maal
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CONTENTS Viernes, Jr., V. D. 2004.
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CONTENTS Harada, H., et al. Ultraso
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CONTENTS Ocampo, M. B., et al. Clea
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CONTENTS Aranas, T. J., et al. 1968
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CONTENTS Romulo, B. H., et al. Dige
Page 19 and 20: ANATOMY A-1 DISTRIBUTION AND MICROS
Page 21 and 22: of the islet. The pancreatic- polyp
Page 23 and 24: (P>0.05) from that of the Philippin
Page 25 and 26: A-15 THE MODIFIED HORN RING METHOD
Page 27 and 28: undifferentiated cells. Mucigenous
Page 29 and 30: *Abstracts of Completed Researches,
Page 31 and 32: A-31 SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC
Page 33 and 34: cells” had fewer zymogen granules
Page 35 and 36: is recommended that two years old P
Page 37 and 38: Their secretions, together with tho
Page 39 and 40: elated peptide (CGRP), vasoative in
Page 41 and 42: methods. The diameter of the semini
Page 43 and 44: appearance to the fungiform papilla
Page 45 and 46: of pyknotic nuclei in the follicula
Page 47 and 48: observed. Continuous medullary patt
Page 49 and 50: examination of the muzzle prints no
Page 51 and 52: conspicuously absent in the tunica
Page 53 and 54: esembles closely that of the lympho
Page 55 and 56: obtained for total serum protein, a
Page 57 and 58: A study in the conception rate of t
Page 59 and 60: significantly (P
Page 61 and 62: and Philippine-Murrah in health. Ei
Page 63 and 64: months to 3 years. Erythrocyte size
Page 65 and 66: were highly significant level (P
Page 67 and 68: THE CATTLE AND CARABAO BREEDING PRO
Page 69: estimated breeding values of (EBVs)
Page 73 and 74: the Alb A Alb B and Alb B Alb B gen
Page 75 and 76: different in trms of shear force va
Page 77 and 78: stock farms which practiced backyar
Page 79 and 80: Ravi was at the top. The heterosis
Page 81 and 82: & 4):61-66. Also in Annotated Bibli
Page 83 and 84: Series of experiment were conducted
Page 85 and 86: Keywords: embryo, in vitro fertiliz
Page 87 and 88: The percentages of pregnant cattle
Page 89 and 90: after the second injection. The con
Page 91 and 92: INSEMINATION OF PHILIPPINE CARABAO
Page 93 and 94: It was noted that regardless of the
Page 95 and 96: the presence or absence of cysteami
Page 97 and 98: R. de Vera, Laboratory Aid, PCC-OED
Page 99 and 100: on the factors affecting embryo rec
Page 101 and 102: Expanded blastocysts did nor surviv
Page 103 and 104: Early pregnancy diagnosis was condu
Page 105 and 106: ng/ml and dropped sharply at partur
Page 107 and 108: R-67 MANAGEMENT AND CLIMATIC FACTOR
Page 109 and 110: Keywords: carabao heifers, estrous
Page 111 and 112: animal draft power was designed and
Page 113 and 114: Water Buffalo Researches in the Phi
Page 115 and 116: D-13 SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEM
Page 117 and 118: FEEDING AND NUTRITION F-1 OBSERVATI
Page 119 and 120: W. L. Johnson, Former Graduate Assi
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in a majority of the carcass compon
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F-16 FEEDING VALUE OF CORN STOVER-M
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(DDMI) of rice straw per 100 kg bod
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D. D. Lorenzo, Instructor, Departme
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Tethering, soiling, communal pastur
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C. R. Legaspino, Former Student, De
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70.97 mg percent. Age and sex seeme
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levels (8.3 mg/100 ml vs. 11.0 mg/1
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for the first 7 months. Tethering p
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L. S. Castillo, Professor, Departme
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Keywords: caraheifers, chromic oxid
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similar. Addition of 1% urea in the
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espectively. Detergent fiber analys
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V. S. Subere, Former M. S. Student,
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serovars were used namely: Leptospi
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was conducted in the abattoirs of M
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Pseudomonas sp. (2.86%), Pasteurell
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*Undergraduate thesis, College of V
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upper respiratory tract of normal c
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studies are necessary to find possi
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permanent cheek teeth, 26 permanent
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uy back operation, 11 calving inter
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caraheifers, 2, 27, 45 carcass qual
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THE PHILIPPINE WATER BUFFALO

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