THE PHILIPPINE WATER BUFFALO
THE PHILIPPINE WATER BUFFALO
THE PHILIPPINE WATER BUFFALO
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average of 9.32 cm (3.66 in.) in length. Its minimum diameter<br />
is 1.49 cm; the maximum 2.36 cm; and the average, 1.67<br />
cm. The sigmoid flexure has a minimum length of 15.24<br />
cm (6 in.), a maximum of 21.59 cm (8.5 in.), and an<br />
average of 17.73 cm (6.98 in.). The diameter ranges from<br />
2.54 to 3.63 cm, with an average of 2.79 cm. The root of<br />
the organ has a minimum diameter of 3.33 cm and a<br />
maximum of 4.9 cm, with an average of 4.19 cm. The<br />
penis at the region of the body presents on its dorso-lateral<br />
aspect a deep arteria profunda penis. The glans presents<br />
on its dorsal and ventral surfaces finger-like projections<br />
radiating from the thin tunica albuginea, the dorsal projection<br />
being much longer than either of the two ventral ones. The<br />
corpus cavernosum penis at the glans has finer trabeculae<br />
and much more cavernous spaces embedded with more<br />
minute blood vessels than the rest of the organ.<br />
Keywords: histo-anatomical study, penis, Philippine<br />
carabao<br />
* The Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 3(2): 219-<br />
232, 1964.<br />
A-85<br />
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON <strong>THE</strong> EXTRAMURAL AND<br />
INTRAMURAL VASCULAR SUPPLY PATTERNS OF<br />
<strong>THE</strong> UTERI AND OVARIES OF <strong>PHILIPPINE</strong><br />
CARABAO (Bubalus bubalis)*<br />
E. L. Enriquez-Yap, Instructor, College of Veterinary Medicine, University<br />
of the Philippines Diliman<br />
The extramural and intramural vascular supply patterns of<br />
the uteri and ovaries of the Philippine carabao heifers have<br />
been successfully demonstrated by special injection<br />
techniques employing various injection masses and<br />
procedures. It is observed in the present study that the<br />
vascular supply patterns described for cattle and sheep by<br />
foreign workers are similar to that of the Philippine carabao<br />
heifers. However, the latter ruminant has revealed some<br />
vascular features distinct from those reported for the cow<br />
and ewe. A correlation of the present findings on the vascular<br />
supply patterns of the chief organs of the female reproductive<br />
system with the present concept on the existence of the<br />
so-called “uterine luteolytic system”, believed to be<br />
responsible for the early regression phenomenon of the<br />
cycling corpus luteum of the mammalian ovary, is also<br />
herein discussed. It is highly possible that a similar uterine<br />
luteolytic system, as reported in the cow and ewe, is<br />
likewise present in the carabao heifer. The same type of<br />
pathway and mechanism may also be operated along<br />
similar manner, as clearly demonstrated by the carabao<br />
heifer’s vascular anatomical organization. Further studies<br />
34<br />
ABSTRACT OF RESEARCHES ON<br />
<strong>THE</strong> <strong>PHILIPPINE</strong> <strong>WATER</strong> <strong>BUFFALO</strong><br />
should be undertaken to definitely isolate and identify this<br />
so-called “uterine luteolytic factor” in the Philippine carabao<br />
heifers.<br />
Keywords: vascular supply, uterus, ovaries, Philippine<br />
carabao, Bubalus bubalis<br />
*The Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 14(2): 1-<br />
22, 1975.<br />
A-86<br />
CYTOARCHITECTURAL PATTERN OF <strong>THE</strong><br />
THYMUS GLAND OF <strong>THE</strong> <strong>PHILIPPINE</strong> CARABAO<br />
(Bubalus bubalis) FETUS IN EARLY ANTE NATAL<br />
DEVELOPMENT *<br />
E. L. Enriquez-Yap, Instructor, College of Veterinary Medicine, University<br />
of the Philippines Diliman<br />
The cytoarchitectural pattern of the thymus gland of the<br />
Philippine carabao (Bubalus bubalis) fetus at its very early<br />
developmental stage was studied. The prenatal thymus is<br />
a unilobed whitish structure, irregular in contour, and<br />
measures from 0.25 – 0.5 in long. It is located on the<br />
antero-ventral portion of the mediastinal space closely<br />
related to the base of the heart and the roots of the great<br />
blood vessels. The entire thymus is enclosed by a thin<br />
fibrous capsule, which in turn gives origin to the septa and<br />
series of trabeculae that subdivide the thymic parenchyma<br />
into lobules. Each lobule consists of an outer, dark, critical<br />
substance and an inner, pale, medullary substance.<br />
Frequently, many of the lobules are devoid of the medullary<br />
substance; thus, the lobule consists entirely of the cortical<br />
substance with the small lymphocytes (thymocytes) as<br />
the predominating cellular elements. The medulla consists<br />
mainly of large and medium thymocytes (immature forms):<br />
some plasma and epithelial reticular cells are also present.<br />
Plasma cells and many lymphocytes exhibiting mitotic<br />
figures are more common in the cortex than in the medulla.<br />
The thymic bodies or Hassal’s corpuscles, in different<br />
stages of development, a common feature of the medulla,<br />
are specifically diagnostic for the carabao prenatal thymus.<br />
However, not all the medulla exhibit thymic bodies. The<br />
presence of mitotic figures, as exhibited by the lymphocytes,<br />
strongly suggests that the prenatal thymus is the primary<br />
organ involved in lymphopoiesis. The presence of plasma<br />
cells, small lymphocytes (thymocytes) and epithelial<br />
reticular cells is evidence that the prenatal thymus is already<br />
a major contributor of immunologically competent cells<br />
which are the constituents of the specific immune system<br />
of the carabao body, specifically, humoral (antibody) and<br />
cell-mediated immune systems. Generally, the<br />
cytoarchitectural pattern of the prenatal carabao thymus