THE PHILIPPINE WATER BUFFALO
THE PHILIPPINE WATER BUFFALO
THE PHILIPPINE WATER BUFFALO
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conspicuously absent in the tunica submucosa. There are<br />
no marked differential findings on the course, topography,<br />
morphology and histology of the bubaline esophagus as<br />
compared with similar studies on the esophagus of cattle.<br />
Keywords: esophagus, Philippine carabao, Bos bubalis<br />
*The Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 11(2): 6-<br />
15, 1973. The scientific name of the water buffalo, and that<br />
includes the carabao, is Bubalus bubalis.<br />
A-82<br />
WEIGHTS AND MEASUREMENTS OF <strong>THE</strong> HEART<br />
OF <strong>THE</strong> <strong>PHILIPPINE</strong> CARABAOS*<br />
E. L. Enriquez-Yap, Instructor, College of Veterinary Medicine, University<br />
of the Philippines Diliman<br />
L. B. Herbosa, Student<br />
Sixty hearts from 5 to 23 years old Philippine carabaos<br />
collected from Caloocan City slaughterhouse were used<br />
in the study. The weights and measurements were recorded<br />
in kg and cm, respectively. The heart weights in the males<br />
varied from 2 to 3.2 kg with a mean of 2.54 ± 0.05. In the<br />
females, the weights of the hearts ranged from 2 to 3 kg<br />
with a mean of 2.49 ± 0.05. The sagittal diameter of the<br />
base of the hearts of both sexes ranged from 19 to 24 cm<br />
with a mean of 21.60 ± 0.30 for the male and 21.41 ± 0.27<br />
cm for the female. The greatest width of the base ranged<br />
from 15 to 20 cm for both males and females with a mean<br />
of 17.57 ± 0.22 for males and 17 ± 0.21 for females. The<br />
circumference at the coronary groove in the males ranged<br />
from 48 to 55 cm with a mean of 52.20 ± 0.41. In the<br />
females they ranged from 44 to 54 cm with a mean of 51.96<br />
± 0.28. The distance between the origin of pulmonary<br />
artery and apex in males ranged from 19 to 24 cm for both<br />
sexes with a mean of 21.70 ± 0.24 cm. The distances<br />
between the termination of the posterior vena cava and the<br />
apex in males varied from 16 to 21 cm with a mean of<br />
18.10 ± 0.25. In females, the range was from 15 to 19 cm<br />
with a mean of 17.60 ± 0.22. Based on the computed tvalue,<br />
the weights and measurements showed no significant<br />
differences between male and female hearts of the Philippine<br />
carabaos.<br />
Keywords: weight, heart, Philippine carabaos<br />
*The Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 3(1): 51-<br />
56, 1964.<br />
A-83<br />
<strong>THE</strong> PLACENTOME OF <strong>THE</strong> <strong>PHILIPPINE</strong> CARABAO<br />
(Bubalus bubalis) IN MID-PREGNANCY: A STUDY<br />
TO ESTABLISH <strong>THE</strong> BASIS OF CLINICO-<br />
ANATOMY<br />
PATHOLOGICAL CAUSES OF EARLY REPRO-<br />
DUCTIVE FAILURES*<br />
E. L. Enriquez-Yap, Assistant Professor, College of Veterinary Medicine,<br />
University of the Philippines Diliman<br />
Ten pregnant uteri from Philippine carabaos in midpregnancy<br />
were obtained from the Caloocan City Abattoir.<br />
Representative placentomes were taken from the different<br />
uterine regions (body and middle and extremity of the<br />
horns), and histological sections were prepared and studied.<br />
The placentome is a mushroom-shaped structure with a<br />
convex free surface and a broad, short stalk. The latter<br />
develops from the raised underlying uterine endometrial<br />
stratum compactum together with parts of the stratum<br />
spongiosum beneath it. The placental membrane or barrier,<br />
as seen in the majority of the specimens studied, is made<br />
up of six layers, namely: on the maternal side, 1. endothelial<br />
lining of endometrial blood vessels, 2. endometrial<br />
connective tissue, and 3. endometrial lining epithelium of<br />
the crypt; and on the fetal side, 4. chorionic villus lining<br />
epithelium, 5.chorionic villus connective tissue core and<br />
6. chorionic villus core blood vessel endothelium. The<br />
cytoarchitectural pattern seen in the placenta of the Philippine<br />
carabao is discussed. Based on Grossen’s classification<br />
(Amoros), the placenta of this ruminant belongs more to the<br />
epitheliochorial than to the syndesmochorial type.<br />
Keywords: placentome, Philippine carabao, Bubalus<br />
bubalis, mid-pregnancy, clinico-pathological analysis<br />
* The Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 13(1&2):<br />
1-25, 1974.<br />
A-84<br />
A HISTO-ANATOMICAL STUDY OF <strong>THE</strong> PENIS OF<br />
<strong>PHILIPPINE</strong> CARABAOS*<br />
E. L. Enriquez-Yap, Instructor, College of Veterinary Medicine, University<br />
of the Philippines Diliman<br />
L. N. Seldera, Student<br />
A study on the gross and microscopic anatomy of thirty<br />
penises from 15- to 23 year old male Philippine carabaos<br />
is herein reported. The penis of carabaos has a minimum<br />
length of 50.8 cm (20 in.) and a maximum of 63.5 cm (25<br />
in.), with an average of 56.72 cm (22.39 in.) in the flaccid<br />
state with the sigmoid flexure unstretched, but has a<br />
minimum length of 76.2 cm (30 in.), and a maximum of<br />
91.44 cm (36 in.), with an average of 84.15 cm (33.13 in.),<br />
when the sigmoid flexure is stretched. The organ, in general,<br />
has a diameter of from 2.44 to 3.45 cm (0.96 to 1.36 in.),<br />
with an average of 2.95 cm (1.16 in.). The glans penis<br />
measures from 6.35 to 11.43 cm (2.5 to 4.5 in.), with an<br />
33