THE PHILIPPINE WATER BUFFALO
THE PHILIPPINE WATER BUFFALO
THE PHILIPPINE WATER BUFFALO
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examination of the muzzle prints no two prints are identical.<br />
Therefore, muzzle printing as a means of identification could<br />
be used for the carabao identification. As previously reported<br />
in cattle and buffalo, the muzzle pattern does not change<br />
with age.<br />
Keywords: muzzle prints, Philippine carabao, Bubalus<br />
bubalis, Philippine-Murrah crossbred<br />
* Undergraduate thesis, College of Veterinary Medicine,<br />
University of the Philippines Los Baños, 1999.<br />
A-78<br />
<strong>THE</strong> ANATOMY OF <strong>THE</strong> BONES, TENDONS AND<br />
LIGAMENTS OF <strong>THE</strong> METACARPO-PHALANGEAL<br />
AND METATARSO-PHALANGEAL REGIONS IN <strong>THE</strong><br />
<strong>PHILIPPINE</strong> <strong>WATER</strong> <strong>BUFFALO</strong> (Bubalus bubalis L.)*<br />
V. D. Viernes Jr., Assistant Professor, College of Veterinary Science and<br />
Medicine, Central Luzon State University, Muñoz, Nueva Ecija<br />
The bones, tendons and ligaments of the metacarpophalangeal<br />
and metatarso-phalangeal regions of the<br />
Philippine water buffalo were described. The shape,<br />
relationship and measurement (length and weight) of the<br />
metacarpus, metatarsus, phalanges and sesamoid bones<br />
were determined. The attachment of the individual tendon<br />
and ligaments were also characterized and compared with<br />
the existing data in cattle. The bones of the metacarpophalangeal<br />
region was composed of one large metacarpal<br />
bone (Mc3 and Mc4), one small metacarpal bone (Mc5),<br />
two chief digits (III and IV) with three phalanges each, two<br />
dewclaws (digit II and V) with one or two phalanges each,<br />
four proximal sesamois and two distal sesamoids or<br />
navicular bones. The bones of the metatarso-phalangeal is<br />
composed of two metatarsal bones (large metatarsus and<br />
small metatarsus), four digits (principal and accessory)<br />
with two to three phalanges each, four proximal sesamoids<br />
and two distal sesamoids or navicular bone. There were<br />
three extensor tendons in the forelimb; lateral and medial<br />
branch of the common digital extensor and the lateral digital<br />
extensor. In the hindlimb, the long extensor of the digits,<br />
extensor proper of digit III and the lateral digital extensor.<br />
The flexor tendons were the superficial digital flexor, deep<br />
digital flexor and the interosseous ligament. The common<br />
collateral ligament was divided into four groups; (1) abaxial<br />
lateral collateral ligaments, (2) abaxial medial collateral<br />
ligaments (3) axial collateral ligament of digit III, (4) axial<br />
collateral ligament of digit IV and (5) common collateral<br />
ligaments. There are two ligaments of the dewclaw; the<br />
transverse and distal suspensory ligament of digit III and<br />
IV. The interdigital ligament was divided into proximal<br />
interdigital and distal intedigital (superficial and deep). There<br />
ANATOMY<br />
are also two annular ligaments, one for the fetlock region<br />
and a digital annular ligament of digit III and IV, which was<br />
divided into proximal and distal. The sesamoidean ligaments<br />
were the following; middle sesamoidean (collateral,<br />
intersesamoidean, lateral and medial palmar ligament),<br />
distal sesamoidean (middle short sesamoidean ligament),<br />
interdigital phalangosesamoidean, cruciate sesamoidean,<br />
oblique sesamoidean, distal interphalangeal sesamoidean<br />
(axial collateral, abaxial collateral, axial digital, abaxial<br />
digital). There were three pairs of palmar ligaments of the<br />
proximal interphalangeal joint; the abaxial, middle and axial.<br />
Keywords: metacarpo-phalangeal region, metatarsophalangeal<br />
region, Philippine water buffalo, Bubalus<br />
bubalis<br />
* Masteral Thesis, College of Veterinary Medicine,<br />
University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna<br />
(2004). Copy of thesis available at the Library of the College<br />
of Veterinary Medicine, UPLB.<br />
A-79<br />
CYTOBIOLOGIC CHARACTERIZATION OF <strong>THE</strong><br />
HEMOLYMPH NODE IN <strong>THE</strong> <strong>PHILIPPINE</strong> CARABAO<br />
(Bubalus bubalis): AN ANATOMICO-HISTOLOGIC<br />
CORRELATIVE STUDY ON ITS HEMOPOIETIC AND<br />
IMMUNOLOGIC ROLE*<br />
E. L. Enriquez-Yap, Assistant Professor, College of Veterinary Medicine,<br />
University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City<br />
The hemolymph node or gland is a modified lymphoid<br />
structure which is a member of a group of histologicallyrelated<br />
lymphoid tissue forming the so- called “Hemopoietic<br />
System” of the animal. At present, there exist a diversity<br />
of opinion regarding its exact morphological nature that will<br />
place it into a class or category of its own in the system of<br />
the so-called lymphoid structures and/or hemopoietic<br />
organs. The knowledge of its exact character may suggest<br />
its probable role in hemopoiesis and in the immunologic<br />
functions of the animal. The present study is the first report<br />
made on this structure in the Philippine carabao which is<br />
an initial work involving the study of the whole lymphoid<br />
organ system in this animal. These structures are frequently<br />
encountered within the perivascular tissue, particularly<br />
along the abdominal aorta, in close association with the<br />
abdominal viscera, lymph glands and mesentery and in<br />
the subcutaneous tissue and retroperitoneal fat, especially<br />
in the perirenal region. Hemolymph nodes are oval<br />
structures, with color ranging from deep red to light purple<br />
and to dark purple. They vary in size from hardly noticeable<br />
to pea-size nodules with a diameter of approximately 0.1<br />
cm to 1.6 cm. A fibro-elastic capsule envelopes the entire<br />
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