THE PHILIPPINE WATER BUFFALO
THE PHILIPPINE WATER BUFFALO
THE PHILIPPINE WATER BUFFALO
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C. P. Maala, Associate Professor, College of Veterinary Medicine, University<br />
of the Philippines Los Baños<br />
R. D. Domingo, Student<br />
R. J. T. Ducusin, Instructor, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of<br />
the Philippines Los Baños<br />
The permanent and temporary premolars and molars of the<br />
Philippine carabao were examined and described. The<br />
permanent cheek teeth were arranged in 2 rows along the<br />
alveolar borders of the maxilla and mandible. In the upper<br />
jaw the dental rows were curved with their concavities<br />
facing each other while in the lower jaw they were almost<br />
parallel with each other. When viewed laterally, the upper<br />
premolars were directed ventrocaudally while the rest<br />
(upper molars and lower premolars and molars) were<br />
almost straight. The crowns of the cheek teeth narrowed as<br />
they joined the roots except in the last pairs of molars.<br />
Each permanent premolar and molar was made up of one<br />
and two columns, respectively, except the third lower<br />
molar which had a small third column located caudally.<br />
There were 3 roots for each upper cheek tooth and two for<br />
the lower cheek teeth except in the third lower molar which<br />
had a rostral root and 2 caudal roots which were usually<br />
fused. The temporary cheek teeth were smaller than the<br />
permanent teeth. In the upper jaw, the first premolar<br />
resembled the permanent premolars while the other two<br />
temporary premolars and the upper permanent molars were<br />
morphologically similar. In the lower jaw, the first two pairs<br />
of premolars resembled their permanent counterparts while<br />
the last premolar resembled the permanent lower molars.<br />
The crowns of the first upper premolar and first and second<br />
lower premolars were made up of one column each while<br />
there were 2 columns in the second and third premolars.<br />
The third lower premolar had 3 columns. In both upper and<br />
lower jaws, the first premolars had 2 roots while the second<br />
and third premolars had 3 each.<br />
Keywords: anatomy, permanent cheek teeth, temporary<br />
cheek teeth, Philippine carabao, Bubalus bubalis<br />
*The Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 26(2): 61-<br />
70, 1989.<br />
A-45<br />
IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL DEMONSTRATION OF<br />
SOME ENDOCRINE CELLS IN <strong>THE</strong> SMALL<br />
INTESTINE OF <strong>THE</strong> <strong>PHILIPPINE</strong> CARABAO*<br />
(Bubalus bubalis)*<br />
C. P. Maala, Associate Professor, College of Veterinary Medicine, University<br />
of the Philippines Los Baños<br />
I. A. Rye, Student<br />
N. Y. Calingasan, Assistant Professor, College of Veterinary Medicine,<br />
University of the Philippines Los Baños<br />
G. D. de Ocampo, Assistant Professor, College of Veterinary Medicine,<br />
University of the Philippines Los Baños<br />
18<br />
ABSTRACT OF RESEARCHES ON<br />
<strong>THE</strong> <strong>PHILIPPINE</strong> <strong>WATER</strong> <strong>BUFFALO</strong><br />
J. Yamada, Professor, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary<br />
Medicine, Obihiro, Japan<br />
N. Kitamura, Associate Professor, Obihiro University of Agriculture and<br />
Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan<br />
Serotonin-, chromogranin-, somatostatin-, gastrin-, secretin-<br />
, substance P-, and motilin- immunoreactive cells were<br />
localized in the small intestine of the Philippine carabao by<br />
immunocytochemistry. Their distribution and relative<br />
frequency in the three regions of the small intestine were<br />
determined. Serotonin secreting cells were most numerous<br />
in the duodenum and least in the jejunum. Chromogranin<br />
immunoreactive cells were abundant in the duodenum and<br />
ileum but only moderate in numbers in the jejunum. Cells<br />
immunoreactive to somatostatin were moderate in the<br />
duodenum, few in the jejunum and rare in the ileum. Gastrin<br />
immunoreactive cells were seen in moderate number only<br />
in the jejunum. Secretin immunoreactive cells were few in<br />
the duodenum. Substance P immunoreactive nerve fibers<br />
and cells were plentiful in the duodenum and moderate in<br />
the jejunum and ileum. Motilin secreting cells were rarely<br />
found in the duodenum. They were not demonstrated in the<br />
jejunum and ileum. Neurotensin and gastric inhibitory<br />
polypeptide producing cells were not localized in the small<br />
intestines of carabao.<br />
Keywords: immunocytochemical demonstration,<br />
endocrine cells, small intestine, Philippine carabao, Bubalus<br />
bubalis<br />
*The Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 26(1): 7-<br />
18, 1989.<br />
A-46<br />
<strong>THE</strong> SUPERFICIAL AND GROSS ANATOMY, AND<br />
HISTOLOGY OF <strong>THE</strong> BUCCAL GLANDS OF <strong>THE</strong><br />
<strong>PHILIPPINE</strong> CARABAO (Bubalus bubalis L.)*<br />
C. P. Maala, Professor, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the<br />
Philippines Los Baños<br />
P. P. Oncinian, Student<br />
In domestic animals, the buccal glands are regarded as<br />
small versions of salivary glands scattered in the oral<br />
cavity. This study outlines how two kinds of buccal glands<br />
can be detected and shows where they are located in the<br />
head of the Philippine carabao. It also gives measurements<br />
of the sizes of these glands. The middle buccal gland<br />
reportedly present in most species of domestic animals<br />
was absent in the carabao. Using different histochemical<br />
stains, the presence of neutral, sulfated and acidic<br />
mucosubstances in the mucous secretory units was<br />
demonstrated in the upper buccal gland but not in the lower<br />
gland of the Philippine carabao. Although mixed glands,<br />
the buccal glands were shown to be predominantly mucous.