THE PHILIPPINE WATER BUFFALO
THE PHILIPPINE WATER BUFFALO
THE PHILIPPINE WATER BUFFALO
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A-15<br />
<strong>THE</strong> MODIFIED HORN RING METHOD AS A TOOL<br />
IN DETERMINING <strong>THE</strong> AGE OF CARABAO (Bubalus<br />
bubalis)*<br />
G. D. de Ocampo, Associate Professor, College of Veterinary Medicine,<br />
University of the Philippines Los Baños<br />
O. M. C. David, Student<br />
The accuracy of the modified horn ring method to determine<br />
the age of carabao (Bubalus bubalis) was tested using 127<br />
carabaos of both sexes, aged one to 23 years old, randomly<br />
selected at an auction market. The length and circumference<br />
of the horns were measured while the number of rings<br />
were counted in both the right and left horns. The results<br />
showed that although variations occurred in the length,<br />
circumference and number of rings between right and left<br />
horns and between male and female animals in relation to<br />
age, such variations were not statistically significant.<br />
Furthermore, the linear regression model showed a direct<br />
correlation between the number of horn rings and the age of<br />
the animal. thus the formula:<br />
y = 1.22322503 + 0.264245856 (x)<br />
where y is the age and x is the number of horn rings, was<br />
arrived at to estimate the age of the carabao. Using this<br />
formula, a table of confidence interval was subsequently<br />
made to facilitate age determination.<br />
Keywords: age determination, Bubalus bubalis, horn ring<br />
method, carabao<br />
* NRCP Research Journal, 3(2): 191-200, 1993.<br />
A-16<br />
SEM STUDIES ON <strong>THE</strong> DIGESTIVE TRACT OF<br />
<strong>PHILIPPINE</strong> SWAMP <strong>BUFFALO</strong> (Bubalus bubalis).<br />
II. SMALL AND LARGE INTESTINES*<br />
G. D. de Ocampo, Assistant Professor, College of Veterinary Medicine,<br />
University of the Philippines Diliman<br />
R. P. G. Nolasco, Student<br />
C. E. Bondac, Student<br />
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the duodenum,<br />
jejunum, ileum, cecum and colon was conducted on<br />
samples from 14 apparently healthy, female, Philippine<br />
swamp buffaloes or carabaos. There were morphological<br />
variation in the villi of the different regions of the small<br />
intestine. Ridge-like villi in the duodenum and jejunum and<br />
leaf-like villi in the duodenum and ileum were observed.<br />
Much taller and slender ridge-shaped villi were also noted<br />
in the duodenum. The mucosal surface architecture differed<br />
between the two regions of the large intestine. The ceca<br />
mucosa has a mosaic of uniformly distributed sunken<br />
ANATOMY<br />
openings of the crypts of Lieberkuhn; that of the colon<br />
showed a repetition of interconnected ridges. The crypt<br />
openings in the cecum appeared funnel-like; in the colon,<br />
their outlines were polygonal. Crypts of the colon were<br />
larger than those of the cecum. Goblet cells and mucous<br />
secretions, the latter as white, irregular structures, were<br />
also observed in the colon and cecum.<br />
Keywords: scanning electron microscopy (SEM),<br />
digestive tract, Philippine swamp buffalo, Bubalus bubalis,<br />
small intestine, large intestine<br />
* The Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 22(2): 50-<br />
58, 1983.<br />
A-17<br />
<strong>THE</strong> INCIDENCE OF PREGNANT CARABAOS<br />
SLAUGHTERED AT FOOD TERMINAL, INC. FROM<br />
1989-1990*<br />
M. M. Dunwan, Student<br />
The percentages of pregnant cattle and carabaos slaughtered<br />
in 1988 at New Slaughterhouse, Food Terminal, Inc. (FTI),<br />
Tagging, Metro Manila were determined. Pregnant animals<br />
slaughtered were higher in cattle (10.56%) than in carabaos<br />
(3.51%). The percentages of slaughtered pregnant cattle<br />
and carabaos were highest during the months July<br />
(17.83%) and June (6.03%), respectively. Based on the<br />
three stages of pregnancy, the highest percentage of<br />
slaughtered carabaos occurred at early pregnancy (1.36%),<br />
followed by mid (1.21%) and later pregnancy (0.94%).<br />
The highest percentage of carabaos slaughtered at early<br />
stage of pregnancy occurred in May (3.03%), April (3.03%)<br />
for mid pregnancy and November (1.75%) for late<br />
pregnancy. In cattle, the highest percentage of slaughtered<br />
pregnant animals was at early pregnancy (4.41%),<br />
followed by mid pregnancy (3.28%) and lowest at late<br />
pregnancy (2.88%). According to place of origin, Cavite<br />
(46.32%) and Masbate (30.24%) had the highest<br />
percentages of slaughtered pregnant cattle and carabaos,<br />
respectively. In spite of the law prohibiting the slaughter of<br />
pregnant cattle and carabaos, the authorities have failed to<br />
totally prevent this practice as revealed in the present<br />
study. Pregnant animals are still being slaughtered in<br />
abattoirs because of insufficient ante-mortem inspection,<br />
laxity on the implementation of the law against the<br />
slaughtering of pregnant animal and lack of expertise in<br />
pregnancy diagnosis at farm level. Hence, to prevent the<br />
shipment and slaughter of pregnant cattle and carabaos,<br />
the “Buy Back Operation” is recommended to be revived.<br />
Keywords: buy back operation, cattle, carabao, Food<br />
7
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