THE PHILIPPINE WATER BUFFALO

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and on the dorsal surface of the fungiform papillae. Based on this finding, the dorsal surface of the root, ventro-lateral surface and the tip of the tongue are associated with taste. Keywords: taste buds, tongue, Philippine swamp buffalo, Bubalus bubalis L. *Undergraduate Thesis, College of Veterinary Science and Medicine, Central Luzon State University, Muñoz, Nueva Ecija (1988). Copy of the thesis is available at CLSU Library, and at the Knowledge Resource Management Center, Philippine Carabao Center, Muñoz, Nueva Ecija. A-9 MICROSCOPIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SEROSAL, MUSCULAR AND SUBMUCOSAL LAYERS OF THE LARGE INTESTINE OF PHILIPPINE CARABAOS (Bubalus bubalis)* A. Bustamante, Student, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños C. P. Maala, Associate Professor, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños The histological features of the submucosal, muscular, and serosal layers of the cecum, colon, and rectum of the Philippine carabao were studied using Hematoxyline staining (H&E) stained sections and various differential staining techniques. The submucosal layer consisted of a large amount of collagen fibers. A few elastic and reticular fibers were found in this layer. The submucosa appeared thickest in the cecum. Ganglion cells belonging to the submucosal plexus were plentiful. Some occurred in groups while some occurred singly. There were many blood vessels and nerves in the submucosa. The muscular layer of the large intestine consists of an inner muscular muscle layer and an outer longitudinal muscle layer. Among the three segments of the large intestine studied, the tunica muscularis was thickest in the rectum. Ganglion cells belonging to the myenteric plexus were observed in this layer and were generally located in between the muscle layers. Individual ganglion cells may be found between muscle bundles in the outer part of the inner circular muscle layer. The serosal layer was well-developed in the cecum and colon because of the accumulation of a large amount of adipose tissue between the serosa and the muscular layer. In the caudal part of the rectum, the serosal layer was replaced by an adventitial layer. Keywords: carabao, ganglion cells, large intestine, muscular, serosal, submucosal and adventitial layer *Abstract of Completed Researches, 1981-1995, (1996) PCC-DA, UPLB. Also in OED-PCC-DA Abstracts: Water 4 ABSTRACT OF RESEARCHES ON THE PHILIPPINE WATER BUFFALO Buffalo Researches in the Philippines 1981-1996, p.37. Prescribed during the 27 th PSAS Annual Convention, PICC, Metro Manila, October, 1990. Abstract published in the Philippine Journal of Animal Science, 17:56 (1991). A-10 MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF SEMINAL VESICLE AND PROSTATE GLAND OF MALE PHILIPPINE CARABAO (Bubalus bubalis L.)* F. D. B. Caoli, Student Seminal vesicle and prostate gland were collected from seven apparently healthy male Philippine carabao (Bubalus bubalis L.) between two to five years of age immediately after slaughter. The samples were processed and stained with H&E stain. The seminal vesicle of the Philippine carabao was similar with the bull. It was encapsulated by a DWFCT. The glandular epithelium was lined by simple columnar epithelium. Lipid droplets were observed in the cytoplasm of the cells. The lamina propria-tunica submucosa consisted of loose connective tissue. The tunica muscularis was thick and composed of smooth muscle fibers. The tunica adventitia consisted of loose connective tissue. The intralobular ducts were lined by simple cuboidal or stratified columnar epithelium. The body of the prostate gland was encapsulated by DWFCT with smooth muscle fibers. The glandular epithelium was lined by simple cuboidal cells. Large and small alveoli were present in the parenchyma. Prostatic concretions were observed only in larger alveoli. Intralobular ducts were lined by simple cuboidal or columnar cells. Keywords: microscopic anatomy, seminal vesicle, prostate glands, Philippine carabao, Bubalus bubalis *Undergraduate thesis, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, 1999. A-11 MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF THE SKIN OF THE PHILIPPINE CARABAO (Bubalus bubalis L.) AND PHILIPPINE MURRAH CROSSBRED* C. L. Casis, Student C. P. Maala, Professor, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines, Los Baños A. S. Sarabia, Senior Research Specialist, Philippine Carabao Center, University of the Philippines Los Baños The skin from the head, neck, dorsum, ventrum and hindlimb from five adult male Philippine carabao and Philippine Murrah crossbred were microscopically studied. The carabao skin (8.30 um) was not significantly thicker
(P>0.05) from that of the Philippine Murrah crossbred (9.13 um). Regardless of breed, the skin was significantly thickest in the neck (11.80 um) followed by those in the ventrum (8.90 um), dorsum (8.11 um) and head (7.94 um). The skin was thinnest in the hindlimb (6.82 um) followed by those in the dorsum and head (7.94 um). In both breeds, the epidermis was composed of only four layers: stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale. The stratum lucidum was absent in all areas examined. The shape, size and number of the epidermal ridges or pegs were extremely variable in both breeds. Tongue-shaped, pointed, wide and branching epidermal ridges were observed. Although the epidermis was thicker in the carabao (197.23 um) than in the Philippine Murrah crossbred (171.40 um), their difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Regardless of breed, the epidermis was thickest in the neck (211.95 um) and ventrum (218.00 um) (P0.05). The dermis in both breeds was made up of two indistinctly separable layers: the superficial papillary layer and the deep reticular layer. Collagen, elastic and reticular connective tissue fibers, blood vessels, hair follicles and their sebaceous glands, nerve fibers and smooth muscle fibers were found in the dermis. The collagenous fibers were finer in the papillary layer than in the reticular layer. In the papillary layer the more slender collagenous fiber were more compact and were oriented parallel to the skin surface. In the reticular layer, these were loosely arranged, some occurred in bundles, and ran in various directions. The collagenous fibers were more regularly arranged in the Philippine Murrah crossbred than in the carabao. Hair follicles were few and occurred singly. They were particularly numerous in the head of the Philippine Murrah crossbred and in the hindlimb of the Philippine carabao. The sebaceous glands were large and were attached near the base of hair follicles. Some hair follicles lacked sebaceous glands. Two types of apocrine sweat glands were seen in both breeds: tubular and saccular, with the former being more numerous than the latter. There were more sweat glands in the Philippine Murrah crossbred than in the Philippine carabao. The dermis of the Philippine Murrah crossbred (10740.0 um) was significantly thicker than that of the Philippine carabao (6136.0 um). This study disproved earlier reports that carabaos lack sweat glands. Keywords: Bubalus bubalus, hair follicles, skin thickness, sebaceous glands, apocrine glands, Philippine carabao. *The Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences. 25(2): 16-37, 1999. ANATOMY A-12 HISTOLOGY OF THE SKIN IN SOME SPECIALIZED REGIONS OF THE PHILIPPINE CARABAO (Bubalus bubalis)* C. L. Castillo, Student Skin from the upper and lower eyelids, muzzle, external ear, mammary area, prepuce, scrotum and interdigital space of two to six years old Philippine carabaos were studied histologically. The epidermis from these regions was lined by a stratified squamous epithelium, which consisted of four layers: the stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum and stratum basale. The stratum lucidum was absent in all the regions examined. Condensation of melanin was observed more on the basal layer of the eyelids, muzzle and external ear than on the mammary area, prepuce, scrotum and interdigital space. The dermis in all the regions was indistinctly divided into superficial papillary and deep reticular layers. Collagen, elastic and reticular fibers were present in both layers of the dermis. In the papillary layer the collagenous fibers occurred in fine bundles and ran mostly parallel to the skin surface. In the reticular layer the collagen fibers formed the bulk of the layer and were large, coarse and dense. They ran mostly parallel to the skin surface. In general, the basic architecture of the integument was similar in all the animals examined. Differences existed, however, in the thickness of the epidermis and the dermis in various regions of the body. The upper and lower eyelids were characterized by the tarsal glands which were modified sebaceous glands. The tarsal glands were larger and well-developed in the upper eyelid and the hair follicles were thicker and numerous. In the lower eyelid, the tarsal glands were smaller and less developed and the hair follicles were smaller and less numerous. The sweat glands were both tubular and saccular apocrine types and the branched sebaceous glands were large. Striated muscle fibers of the orbicularis oculi and levator palpebrae superioris were found in both the upper and lower eyelids whereas only the orbicularis oculi was found in the lower eyelid. The muzzle epidermis was highly cornified and the thickest of all body areas examined. The stratum lucidum was absent. It is devoid of hair follicles and had tubular merocrine glands known as muzzle or nasolabial glands with characteristic of salivary glands. The external ear was covered by thin skin. However, the epidermis was thicker in the outer convex surface than in the inner concave surface. The epidermal pegs on the other hand, were more complex in the inner surface than in the outer surface. The hair follicles were more numerous in the convex surface. The sebaceous glands were highly developed and lobulated. The external ear contains 5
Page 1 and 2: ABSTRACT OF RESEARCHES ON THE PHILI
Page 3 and 4: USER’S GUIDE The book contains pu
Page 5 and 6: ACKNOWLEDGMENT Grateful recognition
Page 7 and 8: CONTENTS Inoc, J. G. and C. P. Maal
Page 9 and 10: CONTENTS Viernes, Jr., V. D. 2004.
Page 11 and 12: CONTENTS Harada, H., et al. Ultraso
Page 13 and 14: CONTENTS Ocampo, M. B., et al. Clea
Page 15 and 16: CONTENTS Aranas, T. J., et al. 1968
Page 17 and 18: CONTENTS Romulo, B. H., et al. Dige
Page 19 and 20: ANATOMY A-1 DISTRIBUTION AND MICROS
Page 21: of the islet. The pancreatic- polyp
Page 25 and 26: A-15 THE MODIFIED HORN RING METHOD
Page 27 and 28: undifferentiated cells. Mucigenous
Page 29 and 30: *Abstracts of Completed Researches,
Page 31 and 32: A-31 SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC
Page 33 and 34: cells” had fewer zymogen granules
Page 35 and 36: is recommended that two years old P
Page 37 and 38: Their secretions, together with tho
Page 39 and 40: elated peptide (CGRP), vasoative in
Page 41 and 42: methods. The diameter of the semini
Page 43 and 44: appearance to the fungiform papilla
Page 45 and 46: of pyknotic nuclei in the follicula
Page 47 and 48: observed. Continuous medullary patt
Page 49 and 50: examination of the muzzle prints no
Page 51 and 52: conspicuously absent in the tunica
Page 53 and 54: esembles closely that of the lympho
Page 55 and 56: obtained for total serum protein, a
Page 57 and 58: A study in the conception rate of t
Page 59 and 60: significantly (P
Page 61 and 62: and Philippine-Murrah in health. Ei
Page 63 and 64: months to 3 years. Erythrocyte size
Page 65 and 66: were highly significant level (P
Page 67 and 68: THE CATTLE AND CARABAO BREEDING PRO
Page 69 and 70: estimated breeding values of (EBVs)
Page 71 and 72: and broken horn were common among t
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the Alb A Alb B and Alb B Alb B gen
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different in trms of shear force va
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stock farms which practiced backyar
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Ravi was at the top. The heterosis
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& 4):61-66. Also in Annotated Bibli
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Series of experiment were conducted
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Keywords: embryo, in vitro fertiliz
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The percentages of pregnant cattle
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after the second injection. The con
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INSEMINATION OF PHILIPPINE CARABAO
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It was noted that regardless of the
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the presence or absence of cysteami
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R. de Vera, Laboratory Aid, PCC-OED
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on the factors affecting embryo rec
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Expanded blastocysts did nor surviv
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Early pregnancy diagnosis was condu
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ng/ml and dropped sharply at partur
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R-67 MANAGEMENT AND CLIMATIC FACTOR
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Keywords: carabao heifers, estrous
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animal draft power was designed and
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Water Buffalo Researches in the Phi
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D-13 SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEM
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FEEDING AND NUTRITION F-1 OBSERVATI
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W. L. Johnson, Former Graduate Assi
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in a majority of the carcass compon
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F-16 FEEDING VALUE OF CORN STOVER-M
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(DDMI) of rice straw per 100 kg bod
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D. D. Lorenzo, Instructor, Departme
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Tethering, soiling, communal pastur
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C. R. Legaspino, Former Student, De
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70.97 mg percent. Age and sex seeme
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levels (8.3 mg/100 ml vs. 11.0 mg/1
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for the first 7 months. Tethering p
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L. S. Castillo, Professor, Departme
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Keywords: caraheifers, chromic oxid
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similar. Addition of 1% urea in the
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espectively. Detergent fiber analys
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V. S. Subere, Former M. S. Student,
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serovars were used namely: Leptospi
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was conducted in the abattoirs of M
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Pseudomonas sp. (2.86%), Pasteurell
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*Undergraduate thesis, College of V
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upper respiratory tract of normal c
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studies are necessary to find possi
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permanent cheek teeth, 26 permanent
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uy back operation, 11 calving inter
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caraheifers, 2, 27, 45 carcass qual
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THE PHILIPPINE WATER BUFFALO

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