THE PHILIPPINE WATER BUFFALO

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were studied by specific immunohistochemistry. Four types of endocrine cells were identified: insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide and somatostatin immunoreactive cells. Regional difference in the distribution of these cells was not observed. The predominant cell types are the insulin cells followed by glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide and somatostatin cells. The insulin cells were concentrated at the central region of the pancreatic islet while the glucagons, pancreatic polypeptide and somatostatin cells were distributed at the peripheral region. Isolated endocrine cells were occasionally detected in the exocrine portion of the pancreas including the duct epithelium. The present findings revealed that endocrine cells in the pancreas of carabao and other related species are similar to the primary cell types but not precisely as to their relative frequency and location in the pancreatic islets. Keywords: bubaline, carabao, endocrine cells, immunohistochemistry, pancreas *The Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 33(2): 41- 45, 1996. A-4 HISTOLOGY OF THE PANCREATIC ISLETS OF THE PHILIPPINE CARABAO (Bubalus bubalis)* E. T. Baltazar, Assistant Professor, College of Veterinary Medicine, Central Mindanao University, Musuan, Bukidnon C. P. Maala, Professor, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños E. F. Landicho, Associate Professor, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños The pancreatic islets are groups of hormone-secreting (endocrine) cells forming “islands” in the “sea” of digestive enzyme-secreting (exocrine) cells in the pancreas. The islets secrete the hormones insulin and glucagons, which are essential for the metabolism of sugars, the lack of which will lead to diabetes. Many studies have been done on the microscopic structure or morphology (histology) of the pancreatic islets of other species, but there is none on the carabao. Specimens from a slaughterhouse were examined using different stains: (1) hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), (2) Vorhoeff’s elastic tissue stain, (3) Masson’s trichrome stain, (4) silver stain, (5) Gomori’s chromium hematoxylin-phloxine stain. Based on the results of the study, the pancreatic islets of the carabao resemble those of other domestic animal species. The islets vary in shape and number and apparently are more concentrated in the right lobe than in the left lobe and the pancreatic body. They are not clearly differentiated from the exocrine cell of the pancreas because of their poorly developed capsule composed of two types of fibers: the collagenous and reticular fibers. Dark and light islets are demonstrated in 2 ABSTRACT OF RESEARCHES ON THE PHILIPPINE WATER BUFFALO hematoxylin- and eosin-stained sections, the first such report in mammals. Dark islets contain more cells than the light ones. Alpha and beta cells are demonstrated in Gomori’s chromium-hematoxylin phloxine stained sections. Beta cells are generally concentrated at the center of the islet while alpha cells are peripheral or at the outer part. Three cell types in the islets can be identified with the use of Masson’s trichrome stain. The present findings augment the scarce information on the microscopic morphology of the pancreatic islets of the carabao. These findings will help to provide a better understanding of the role of the pancreas in carbohydrate metabolism. Keywords: histology, pancreatic islets, Philippine carabao, Bubalus bubalis *The Philippine Agricultural Scientist, 84(3): 278-28, 2001. A-5 HISTOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE PANCREATIC ISLETS (ISLETS OF LANGERHANS) OF THE PHILIPPINE CARABAO (Bubalus bubalis)* E. T. Baltazar, Assistant Professor, College of Veterinary Medicine, Central Mindanao University, Musuan, Bukidnon C. P. Maala, Professor, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños V. G. Momongan, Professor, Institute of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños Histological and immunocytochemical studies were conducted on the endocrine pancreas of the Philippine carabao (Bubalus bubalis). The islets varied in shape, size and distribution. There were round, oval and irregular islets with the oval shape predominating. Islets distribution varied from one part of the pancreas to the other, with the right part having the most islets. The islets were usually surrounded by complete connective tissue composed of reticular and collagen fibers. Reticular and little of collagen fibers penetrated the inner portion of the islet. Few to abundant capillaries were observed to be concentrated peripherally in the islets. The islet cells were distributed either evenly or unevenly. The islets with unevenly distributed cells had sparse and dense regions. Some islet cells appeared in anastomosing cords. Immunocytochemically, insulin-, glucagon-, pancreatic-, polypeptide-, and somatostatinimmunoreactive cells were localized. The insulinimmunoreactive cells were the most numerous of the four cell types demonstrated. They were usually arranged in clumps and were concentrated at the central portion of the islet. The glucagons- immunoreactive cells usually occurred in cords of various lengths and were concentrated at the peripheral portion of the islet. They usually outline the shape
of the islet. The pancreatic- polypeptic- immunoreactive cells were commonly observed at the dense peripheral region of the islet. Of the four cell types localized, the least common were somatostatinimmunoreactive cells that were usually found at the peripheral region of the islet. The four cell types were of various shapes. Isolated cells of each cell type were found inside some of the pancreatic acini. Pancreatic- polypeptideimmunoreactive cells occurring singly were also found in some duct epithelium. The findings of this study suggest that the anatomy of the endocrine pancreas of the Philippine carabao is similar to that of cattle. Keywords: carabao. histological and immunological observations, islet of Langerhans, pancreas, polypeptideimmunoreactive cells. *Abstracts of Completed Researches, 1981-1995, (1996), PCC-DA, UPLB. Also in OED-PCC-DA Abstracts: Water Buffalo Researches in the Philippines, 1981-1995. p. 35. Part of the thesis submitted by the senior author for his MS degree in Veterinary Medicine. A-6 IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DEMONSTRATION OF FOUR CELL TYPES IN THE ENDOCRINE PANCREAS OF PHILIPPINE CARABAO, (Bubalus bubalis)* E. T. Baltazar, Assistant Professor, College of Veterinary Medicine, Central Mindanao University, Musuan, Bukidnon C. P. Maala, Associate Professor, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños V. G. Momongan, Professor, Institute of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños N. Kitamura, Professor, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan Tissue samples used in the study were collected from freshly slaughtered, apparently healthy adult Philippine carabaos of both sexes. Insulin-, glucagon-, somatostatinand bovine pancreatic polypeptideimmunoreactive cells were observed by light microscopic immunocytochemistry using Avidin Biotin Peroxidase Complex Method. The insulin cells were concentrated at the central portion of the islets while the glucagons, somatostatin and the bovine pancreatic polypeptide cells were observed mainly at the periphery. Isolated cells of each cell type were observed among the acini. Keywords: endocrine pancreas, carabao, immunocytochemistry, Bubalus bubalis *Proceedings of the 8 th Congress of the Federation of Asian Veterinary Associations, Manila, Philippines (1992); pp. 416-419. Part of the thesis submitted by the senior author for his MS degree in Veterinary Medicine. ANATOMY A-7 IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF ENDOCRINE CELLS IN THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF THE PHILIPPINE CARABAO (Bubalus bubalis)* E. T. Baltazar, Assistant Professor, College of Veterinary Medicine, Central Mindanao University, Musuan, Bukidnon N. Kitamura, Associate Professor, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan E. Hondo, Assistant Professor, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan J. Yamada, Professor, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan C. P. Maala, Professor, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños L. T. Simborio, Assistant Professor, College of Veterinary Medicine, Central Mindanao University, Musuan, Bukidnon The distribution and frequency of occurrence of endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the Philippine carabao (Bubalus bubalis) were studied by immunohistochemistry. Fourteen types of immunoreactive (IR) endocrine cells were revealed. Among the cell types, only chromogranin, serotonin, and bovine pancreatic polypeptide (BPP) were present in the entire gut, while the others showed restricted distribution: somatostatin, gastrin, and cholecystokinin in the abomasum and small intestine; methionine- enkephaline- Arg 6 -Gly 7 -Leu 8 , motilin, neurotensin, secretin, gastric inhibitory peptide, and substance P in the small intestine; peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) in the large intestine; and glucagons in the whole intestinal tract. Most of the cell types showed peak density in the pyloric, duodenal, or rectal region. The highest cell type heterogeneity was observed in the duodenum. The distribution profile of the gut endocrine cells in the carabao is closely related to that in the Holstein cattle. Important findings include the occurrence of BPP-IR cells in the entire gut and the high frequency of PYY-IR cells in the large intestine. Keywords: immunohistochemistry, endocrine cells, gastrointestinal tract, Philippine carabao, Bubalus bubalis *Anatomia Histologia Embryologia, (27): 407-411, 1998. A-8 A STUDY ON THE LOCATION OF TASTE BUDS IN THE TONGUE OF THE PHILIPPINE SWAMP BUFFALO (Bubalus bubalis L.)* D. G. V. Boydon, Student, College of Veterinary Science and Medicine, Central Luzon State University, Muñoz, Nueva Ecija Taste buds were examined in hematoxylin eosin stained tissue sections using a light microscope. Taste buds were found only on the lateral surface of the circumvallate papillae 3
Page 1 and 2: ABSTRACT OF RESEARCHES ON THE PHILI
Page 3 and 4: USER’S GUIDE The book contains pu
Page 5 and 6: ACKNOWLEDGMENT Grateful recognition
Page 7 and 8: CONTENTS Inoc, J. G. and C. P. Maal
Page 9 and 10: CONTENTS Viernes, Jr., V. D. 2004.
Page 11 and 12: CONTENTS Harada, H., et al. Ultraso
Page 13 and 14: CONTENTS Ocampo, M. B., et al. Clea
Page 15 and 16: CONTENTS Aranas, T. J., et al. 1968
Page 17 and 18: CONTENTS Romulo, B. H., et al. Dige
Page 19: ANATOMY A-1 DISTRIBUTION AND MICROS
Page 23 and 24: (P>0.05) from that of the Philippin
Page 25 and 26: A-15 THE MODIFIED HORN RING METHOD
Page 27 and 28: undifferentiated cells. Mucigenous
Page 29 and 30: *Abstracts of Completed Researches,
Page 31 and 32: A-31 SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC
Page 33 and 34: cells” had fewer zymogen granules
Page 35 and 36: is recommended that two years old P
Page 37 and 38: Their secretions, together with tho
Page 39 and 40: elated peptide (CGRP), vasoative in
Page 41 and 42: methods. The diameter of the semini
Page 43 and 44: appearance to the fungiform papilla
Page 45 and 46: of pyknotic nuclei in the follicula
Page 47 and 48: observed. Continuous medullary patt
Page 49 and 50: examination of the muzzle prints no
Page 51 and 52: conspicuously absent in the tunica
Page 53 and 54: esembles closely that of the lympho
Page 55 and 56: obtained for total serum protein, a
Page 57 and 58: A study in the conception rate of t
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Page 61 and 62: and Philippine-Murrah in health. Ei
Page 63 and 64: months to 3 years. Erythrocyte size
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Page 67 and 68: THE CATTLE AND CARABAO BREEDING PRO
Page 69 and 70: estimated breeding values of (EBVs)
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and broken horn were common among t
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the Alb A Alb B and Alb B Alb B gen
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different in trms of shear force va
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stock farms which practiced backyar
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Ravi was at the top. The heterosis
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& 4):61-66. Also in Annotated Bibli
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Series of experiment were conducted
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Keywords: embryo, in vitro fertiliz
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The percentages of pregnant cattle
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after the second injection. The con
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INSEMINATION OF PHILIPPINE CARABAO
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It was noted that regardless of the
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the presence or absence of cysteami
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R. de Vera, Laboratory Aid, PCC-OED
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on the factors affecting embryo rec
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Expanded blastocysts did nor surviv
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Early pregnancy diagnosis was condu
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ng/ml and dropped sharply at partur
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R-67 MANAGEMENT AND CLIMATIC FACTOR
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Keywords: carabao heifers, estrous
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animal draft power was designed and
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Water Buffalo Researches in the Phi
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D-13 SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEM
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FEEDING AND NUTRITION F-1 OBSERVATI
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W. L. Johnson, Former Graduate Assi
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in a majority of the carcass compon
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F-16 FEEDING VALUE OF CORN STOVER-M
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(DDMI) of rice straw per 100 kg bod
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D. D. Lorenzo, Instructor, Departme
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Tethering, soiling, communal pastur
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C. R. Legaspino, Former Student, De
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70.97 mg percent. Age and sex seeme
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levels (8.3 mg/100 ml vs. 11.0 mg/1
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for the first 7 months. Tethering p
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L. S. Castillo, Professor, Departme
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Keywords: caraheifers, chromic oxid
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similar. Addition of 1% urea in the
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espectively. Detergent fiber analys
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V. S. Subere, Former M. S. Student,
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serovars were used namely: Leptospi
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was conducted in the abattoirs of M
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Pseudomonas sp. (2.86%), Pasteurell
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*Undergraduate thesis, College of V
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upper respiratory tract of normal c
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studies are necessary to find possi
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permanent cheek teeth, 26 permanent
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uy back operation, 11 calving inter
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caraheifers, 2, 27, 45 carcass qual
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THE PHILIPPINE WATER BUFFALO

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