THE PHILIPPINE WATER BUFFALO

upper respiratory tract of normal cattle. They were present
in the lower respiratory tract when the animal succumbed
to a more chronic infection. Lung sampling and nasal swabs
were good methods for isolating the organism from the
animals. The present study showed a carrier rate of 1.36%
in the normal cattle observed, which lower than previously
reported (3.5%) in cattle.
Keywords: Pasteurella multocida, carabao, carrier rate,
cattle, respiratory infection
*Undergraduate thesis, College of Veterinary Medicine,
University of the Philippines Diliman, 1988.
H-28
PREVALENCE SURVEY OF TUBERCULOSIS IN
CARABAOS (Bubalus bubalis) IN FOUR
MUNICIPALITIES OF CAMARINES SUR BY
INTRADERMAL TEST WITH HUMAN PURIFIED
PROTEIN DERIVATIVE*
R. M. Olaso, Student
A study of the prevalence of tuberculosis in native carabaos
(Bubalus bubalis) by intradermal test with human purified
protein derivative (PPD) was conducted. A total of 248
carabaos in the four municipalities of Camarines Sur were
tested using human PPD by intradermal test. This figure
comprises about 4.8% of the total Carabao population in the
said municipalities. The result of the survey yielded negative
results, despite the high incidence of human tuberculosis in
the said area. Likewise, the Stormont tests were negative.
The findings in the survey, therefore, did not seem to support
the hypothesis of transmission of human tuberculosis to
Carabao. As shown in this survey, a zero prevalence of
tuberculosis in carabaos was found using PPD of human
origin. Tuberculosis in carabao was very rare, probably
because the animal is resistant to infection with
mycobacterium tuberculosis as claimed by some workers.
Keywords: tuberculosis, intradermal test, carabao
*Undergraduate thesis, College of Veterinary Medicine,
University of the Philippines Diliman, 1982
H-29
FIELD TRIAL OF Pasteurella multocida TYPE B
VACCINE IN PURE AND GRADED PHILIPPINE
CARABAOS*
C. M. Quebec Jr., Student
Crude capsular antigen (CCA) of Pasteurella multocida
type B vaccines was tested in 30 carabaos in Casuntingan
HEALTH
and Causwagan, Macarthur, Leyte, and the antibody titer
was monitored using IHA test. No significant differences
were observed between the immune response of carabaos
in Casuntingan and of those in Causwagan, and also
between IM or SC route of vaccine administration. The
vaccine therefore, can be administered either
subcutaneously or intramuscularly. Mouse protection test
of immune serum from vaccinated carabaos conferred
87% survival in the experimental group challenged with
100LD 50 whereas the control groups had 100% mortality.
The present study showed that CCA vaccine of P. multocida
was able to elicit protective antibodies up to 210 days post
vaccination therefore the vaccine has a very good potential
to offer protection in carabaos against hemorrhagic
septicemia.
Keywords: Pasteurella multocida, vaccine, capsular
antigen, hemorrhagic septicemia, carabao
*Undergraduate thesis, College of Veterinary Medicine,
University of the Philippines Los Baños, 1990.
H-30
COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF TOBACCO (Nicotiana
tobaccum), MAKABUHAY (Tinosphora rumphi),
TUBLI (Derris philippinensis) AND NEEM
(Azadirachta indica) AGAINST CARABAO LOUSE
(Haematopinus tuberculatus)*
A. P. Robles, Student
The efficacy of tobacco (Nicotiana tobaccum), tubli (Derris
philippinensis), makabuhay (Tinosphora rumphi) and neem
(Azadirachta indica) in oil-immersion and mixture in distilled
water at 10%, 20% and 40% concentrations were
evaluated for effectiveness against carabao louse
(Haematopinus tuberculatus) in vitro. Four hundred five
(405) mature H. tuberculatus were used in the study. In
vitro experimentation showed that mixtures in oil emulsion
had a percentage mortality of 90 or better. Mixtures in
distilled water showed that only tobacco obtained a percent
mortality greater than 80 in all concentrations. Tubli was
most effective at 40% concentration with mean percent
mortality of 24 after 5 hours of exposure. Neem and
makabuhay were least effective with mean percentage
mortality of less than 10 in all concentrations. Positive
control using pure mineral oil obtained a percentage mortality
of 86 while positive control using distilled water showed no
effect. Further test in vivo showed that the lowest
concentration in both preparations which yielded a percent
mortality of 80 or better after 5 hours of exposure in vitro
was used in in vivo. Thirty-two (32) infested carabaos from
the Philippine Carabao Center (PCC), UPLB were used.
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