THE PHILIPPINE WATER BUFFALO

multocida challenge. However, alum adjuvanted vaccine
failed to induce sufficient protective antibody production in
cattle but not in carabao as shown by the mortalities in
mice. The response variations could be due to the genetic
composition of the mice that affects the immune system.
Generally, the protection elicited by vaccines did not depend
on the amount of the antibody produced but on the specificity
of these antibodies. Based on the results obtained, oil
adjuvanted vaccines particularly the double emulsion
vaccine can be of use in preventing hemorrhagic septicemia,
especially in the highly endemic areas because of its
efficacy and ease of administration.
Keywords: hemorrhagic septicemia, CCA vaccine,
ELISA, PMPT, carabao, cattle
*Undergraduate thesis, College of Veterinary Medicine,
University of the Philippines Los Baños, 1992.
H-19
HUMORAL RESPONSE OF VITAMIN E
SUPPLEMENTED BUFFALOES TO HEMORRHAGIC
SEPTICEMIA VACCINE*
M. J. N. Gordoncillo, Student
Fifteen carabaos were grouped into three treatments.
Animals in Treatment 1 received oil adjuvanted double
emulsion vaccine and vitamin E supplementation at 3000
I.U. orally. This supplementation was given in each vaccine
administration which a month apart. Treatment 2 received
the same vaccine but without supplementation. Treatment
3 for cattle received no vaccination at all, but for carabaos,
control group was given a different kind of vaccine which
PCC (Philippine Carabao Center) used regularly.
Monitoring of antibody titer for a period of five months was
done using indirect hemagglutination test. Three stages
were assayed: prevaccination, postbooster (after three
months) and at fifth month. There was no significant difference
in the geometric mean of baseline antibody titer of animals
in all treatment groups. Antibody titer of all treatment groups
increased after the vaccination regimen. These increases
were found to be not significantly different. These results
however, may have been affected by several limitations
which the study encountered. One of these included the
use of less specific and less sensitive assay procedure for
antibody monitoring. A veterinary vitamin E preparation
and use of intramuscular route of administration might have
elicited a different effect and a more significant result. Oil
based fat soluble vitamin, dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate
seemed potentially useful as adjuvant in vaccine
preparations in replacement for mineral oil which may be
non-immunostimulatory. This has an advantage of going
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ABSTRACT OF RESEARCHES ON
THE PHILIPPINE WATER BUFFALO
beyond just as depot-forming adjuvant, but may serve as
an effective immunostimulant as well, thus enhacing specific
immunity vaccination offers. Further studies are still needed
to tap potential immunostimulatory effect of vitmin E in
conjunction with vaccination. This, if further explored, may
lead to development of a more improved vaccination
program.
Keywords: hemorrhagic septicemia, vaccine, vitamin E,
buffalo
*Undergraduate thesis, College of Veterinary Medicine,
University of the Philippines Los Baños, 1995.
H-20
PATHOLOGIC CHARACTERIZATION OF LUNG
LESIONS IN SLAUGHTERED CARABAOS*
L. D. T. Guzman, Student
A total of 500 carabaos were examined during slaughter for
lung lesions. Of these, three or 0.6% had pulmonary
nodules. Microscopic investigation of these nodules showed
that one is a neoplasm, the other a case of caseous
granuloma and the other, lymphoma. Granuloma was found
only in the diaphragmatic love while the other two were
found in all lobes. Multiple foci of greenish necrotic areas
were found in 247 or 49.4% of the lungs and showed
purulent lobular pneumonia on microscopic examination.
The probable etiology of these lesions was thought as an
atypical Mycobacterium species. Emphysematous lungs
were found in 329 cases with 291 or 58.2% localized, 38
or 7.6% diffused and 20 or 4% interstitial. The
diaphragmatic lobe is the most common lobe affected by
the localized type. Two lungs were found with single
abscess on the diaphragmatic lobe and this was usually
caused by pyogenic bacteria. Adhesion was also found
with 8 or 1.6% of the lungs with lobe to lobe adhesion and
42 or 8.4% with lobe to diaphragm adhesion. Congestion
with edema was found in 8 or 1.6% of all lungs examined.
Atelectatic areas were seen alternating with emphysematous
areas and some pneumonic areas. Hemorrhagic areas
were also seen with 0.2% ecchymotic and 55 or 11%
diffused. Diffused hemorrhages were more common in the
apical lobe. Based from the result of the present study, the
most common lung lesions encountered were emphysema
and accompanying atelectasis. The least were
absecesses. The specific causes of these lung lesions
could not be discerned since no attempt was done to
determine etiologic agents.
Keywords: lung lesions, pulmonary nodules, atelectasis,
emphysema, hemorrages, carabao