THE PHILIPPINE WATER BUFFALO

Pseudomonas sp. (2.86%), Pasteurella mutocida
(2.85%), Pasteurella haemolytica (2.86%), Proteus
vulgaris (2.86%), E. coli (2.86%), Citrobacter sp.
(2.86%), and Enterobacter sp. (2.86%). Bacteria isolated
from the tracheobronchial lymph nodes included E. coli
(11.43%), Corynebacterium sp. (11.43%), Pasteurella
multocida (5.71%, Lactobacillus sp. (2.86%) and Bacillus
sp. (2.86%). A large array of bacteria was isolated in this
study for the bacterial flora varies greatly among animals.
Many factors may have influenced the results of this study
such as age, weight, place where the animal was raised
and health status, the records of which were not available
during its conduct. It is strongly suggested, therefore, that
subsequent studies be made in a more controlled
environment. In addition, an attempt to isolated anaerobic
bacteria needs to be performed.
Keywords: bacterial isolation, tonsils, lymph nodes,
carabao
*Undergraduate thesis, College of Veterinary Medicine,
University of the Philippines Los Baños, 1999.
H-17
PATHOLOGIC CHARACTERIZATION OF LUNG
LESIONS IN SLAUGHTERED CARABAOS AND
THEIR BACTERIAL PROFILE *
J. L. de los Santos, Student
Various forms of pulmonary lesions were encountered
among twenty-six bubaline lungs examined. These were
categorized into pneumonic and non-pneumonic lesions.
The most common of the lung lesions found were
consolidations and abscesses. Hemorrhages were the
least seen lesions. Microbiological isolation of bacteria
from the pathological pulmonary tissues revealed Klebsiella
pneumoniae as the predominant organism found among
the pulmonary lesions. Pyogenic organisms like
Corynebacterium pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeroginosa
were also isolated from abscesses with some other form of
pneumonia. Isolated from the nasopharyngeal area were
Pasteurella multocida, Proteus vulgaris, and Enterobacter
sp. together with some nonpathologic microflora, such as
N. catarrhalis and B. subtilis. Since pneumonic lesions
were relatively nonspecific, identification of causative
agents could be done by microbiologic means. It was
difficult, however, to prove a definite pathogenic role in the
production of pneumonia for many infectious organisms.
Moreover, bacterial isolation of an organism by culture did
not necessarily indicate causal role. The presence of large
numbers of bacterial species in pure culture, or as the
predominant agent only provided a presumptive evidence
HEALTH
of its importance in causing the pneumonic process. It was
highly possible that many of the pathogenic organisms
isolated from the pneumonic lesions found were standing
part of an apparent bacterial infection. It was also quite
likely that these organisms are part of the normal flora. As
there are many causes of various diseases pertinent to the
respiratory tract, along with the predisposing factors
involved, the confinement of the sampling to one abattoir is
obviously a limitation during the conduct of this study.
Also, the attempt to identify the organisms isolated from the
pathologic pulmonary tissues was restricted only to aerobic
bacteria. It is strongly suggested, therefore, that subsequent
studies be made with an attempt to determine other inciting
causes of pulmonary lesions. Such studies may be
centered on parasitic, viral, fungal, or even mycoplasmal
isolation.
Keywords: pulmonary lesions, bacterial isolations,
carabao
*Undergraduate thesis, College of Veterinary Medicine,
University of the Philippines Los Baños, 1990.
H-18
MONITORING IMMUNE RESPONSE OF CATTLE
AND CARABAOS TO THREE TYPES OF CCA
VACCINE AGAINST HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA
USING ELISA AND PMPT*
R. A. Gaza, Student
The immunity induced by alum adjuvanted, double
emulsion and single emulsion. P. multocida type B vaccines
in both cattle and carabao were measured and compared
using ELISA. Based on the study, oil adjuvanted vaccines
elicited higher antibody production compared to the alum
adjuvanted vaccine in cattle which indicated that the
preparation of the vaccine can influence the corresponding
immune response. However, in carabaos, there was no
significant difference in the OD values among the different
adjuvants used which might be due to the inherent ability of
the carabao to respond to vaccination. The ELISA test is
useful when screening large numbers of animals for a
certain disease, while PMPT is best used for evaluating
the specific protective antibodies induced by the test
vaccine. The study was able to show the correlation
between these two tests. PMPT determined at what OD
value a certain serum was protective. In cattle, OD values
of 0.701 and above gave 100% protection while in carabao,
values as low as 0.100 can protect the mice when
challenged. PMPT results showed that the antibodies
induced by the two oil adjuvanted vaccines in both species
of animals were highly protective in mice against P.
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