THE PHILIPPINE WATER BUFFALO

serovars were used namely: Leptospira australis, L bataviae,
L. canicola, L. cynopteri, L. grippotyphosa, L. hardjo, L.
hebdomadis, L. icterohemorrhagiae, L. javanica, L. pomona,
L. pyrogenes and L. tarassovi. Only 21 (17.82%) of the total
samples gave positive reactions. Animals from centers in
Malaybalay, Negros, Dumarao, CLSU, La Carlota, Bohol,
Novaliches and CBL gave positive results ranging from
71.42% to 5.88%. On the other hand, animals from Dipolog
and Ozamis gave negative results. The predominant serovars
were L. javanica (3.87%), L. cynopteri (3.10%), L. canicola,
L. grippotyphosa, L. hebdomadis, L. australis and L.
pyrogenes (2.32% each). Three samples reacted to more
than one serotype. The serotypes that cross reacted were L.
cynopteri (2 samples), L. canicola, L. grippotyphosa, L.
hebdomadis, and L. pyrogenes (1 samples each). The results
strongly indicated the presence of carabao leptospiral infection
in the Philippine carabao centers. Routine serological testing
of carabaos is needed at these centers to monitor these
carabao breeders so as to provide bases for treatment and
preventive measures.
Keywords: leptospira, leptospirosis, carabao, microscopic
agglutination test, carabao centers
* Undergraduate thesis, College of Veterinary Medicine,
University of the Philippines Los Baños, 1995
H-5
A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE INCIDENCE OF
FOREIGN BODIES IN THE STOMACH OF
PHILIPPINE CARABAO*
P. J. Alarcon, Jr., Student
A preliminary study on the incidence of foreign bodies in the
stomach of Philippine Carabao is herein presented. Of the
six hundred and fifty stomachs examined for foreign body
only seventeen were found positive. Only one foreign object
was found in one compartment of the positive stomachs.
The incidence of foreign body in the stomach of Philippine
Carabao was 2.6%. The reticulum and the rumen showed
an incidence of 2.3% and 0.3% respectively. No foreign
body was found in the omasum or abomasum.
Keywords: foreign bodies, stomach (rumen), carabao
*Undergraduate thesis, College of Veterinary Medicine,
University of the Philippines Diliman, 1966.
H-6
A SURVEY OF AGGLUTININS AGAINST Pasteurella
haemolytica SEROTYPES AMONG PHILIPPINE-
RAISED CATTLE AND CARABAOS*
A. E. Alava, Student
HEALTH
A total of 435 serum samples from both cattle and carabaos
were obtained from selected slaughterhouses and farms in
the Philippines. The serum samples were tested for the
presence of antibodies against 12 Pasteurella haemolytica
serotypes using the rapid plate agglutination procedure
(RPA). Twenty seven or 11.7% out of 230 cattle sera
reacted positively against eight serotypes, namely, 1, 2,
6, 7, 9, 10, 11 and 12. Twenty one or 10.2% out of 205
carabao sera reacted to 6 serotypes, namely, 1, 2, 4, _, 6
and 7. The serotypes to which both cattle and carabao sera
reacted were 1, 2, 6 and 7 whereas, serotypes 9-12
reacted only to cattle sera while serotypes 4 and 5 reacted
only to carabao sera. Based on the results of this study the
most predominant serotype of P. haemolytica among
Philippine-raised cattle and carabao was serotype 1. The
other common serotypes were 2, 4 and 7. It is suggested
that succeeding studies be done on a uniform number of
samples per region or area. For a more controlled study
samples should be obtained from more farms from
commercial, semi-commercial, or backyard operations.
Aside from the 12 serotypes, the remaining 13-15 and 10
untypable serotypes should be used to screen the samples.
Also, titration of positive sera coupled with paired serum
sampling at 2 week interval should be performed.
Keywords: Pasteurella haemolytica, rapid plate
agglutination, serotypes, carabao
*Undergraduate thesis, College of Veterinary Medicine,
University of the Philippines Los Baños, 1990.
H-7
OCCURRENCE OF Brucella abortus AGGLUTININS
AMONG CARABAOS AND CATTLE IN THE
PHILIPPINES BASED ON THE RAPID PLATE
AGGLUTINATION*
A. C. Babasa, Student
A total of 1,202 serum samples (600 from carabaos and
602 from cattle) were tested for brucellosis using the Rapid
Plate Agglutination Test. In carabaos, there were 96/600 or
16% positive reactors, 128/600 or 21.33% were suspicious
and 376/600 or 62.66% were negative. In cattle, 83/602 or
13.79% were positive reactors, 143/602 or 23.75% were
suspicious and 376/602 or 62.46% were negative. Region
III had the highest percentage of positive reactors for both
cattle and carabaos with 6/14 or 42.86% and 19/48 or
39.58%, respectively. The region with the next higher
percentage of positive reactor in cattle was region IX with
10/40 or 25%, followed by Region I with 15/65 or 23.08%
and Region XII with 8/40 or 20%. In carabaos, the region
with the next higher percentage for positive reactor was
131