THE PHILIPPINE WATER BUFFALO

for the first 7 months. Tethering plus concentrate at night
gave the heaviest average daily gain (ADG), which was
significantly higher than that of the other two feeding systems
in both breeds, the vales being 0.28 kg ADG for tethering
plus concentrate and 0.13 kg ADG for the control among
the carabaos. For the crossbreed, tethering plus concentrate
gave 0.37 kg ADG compared to 0.23 kg ADG for those
animals tethered only. The native carabaos tethered and
given concentrate gave the highest average daily net income
of P2.50 while those tethered plus napier grass gave the
lowest income of P1.50. For the crossbreed buffaloes,
tethering plus concentrate gave the highest average daily
net income of P4.05 while tethering plus napier grass gave
the lowest net income of P2.88. The water intake of animals
was not influenced by any of the three feeding systems
under specific weather conditions. The systems did not
exert any influence on the estrus phenomenon in both breeds.
Keywords: backyard production, feeding management
systems, native and crossbreed buffaloes
* Philippine Journal of Animal Science. 1985. v. 11 (3 and
4). p. 42-43.
F-49
THE EFFECTS OF FEED SUPPLEMENTATION ON
INTAKE AND UTILIZATION OF RICE STRAW BY
CATTLE AND CARABAO*
A. L. Ordoveza, Dairy Specialist, Dairy Training Research Institute,
College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños
A. Y. Robles, Senior Dairy Researchers, Dairy Training Research Institute,
College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños
L. P. Palo, Senior Dairy Researchers, Dairy Training Research Institute,
College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños
W. A. Hardison, UNDP/FAO Consultant, Dairy Training Research Institute,
College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños
A series of four designation and metabolism trials were
conducted using four Holstein bulls and four carabao bulls
of similar age and weight. Four diets were compared in a
4x4 Latin Square Design. The diets were: A, all rice
straw; B, rice straw plus 1 kg ipil-ipil leaf meal (Leucaena
glauca Benth); C, rice straw plus 1 kg corn and ureamolasses
mix; and D, rice straw plus 1 kg corn meal. No
significant difference was found in dry matter (DM) intake
of rice straw among the four treatment groups. Digestibility
of DM and gross energy (49.5 and 52.5%) was significantly
lower for ration A than for the supplemented rations.
Digestibility of crude protein was highest for ration D
(52.5%), followed by ration B (47%), ration C (34%), and
ration A (23.5%). All differences were highly significant.
All animals lost weight during the study.
Keywords: carabao bulls, digestibility, feed
FEEDING AND NUTRITION
supplementation, Holstein bulls, intake, rice straw.
* Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science.
(1967-1968). v. 4 and 5. p. 118-124.
F-50
OBSERVATION ON THE GRAZING BEHAVIOR OF
CARABAO UNDER THE MEDA PASTURE*
N. R. Oreña, Student, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture,
Central Luzon State University
D. D. Lorenzo, Instructor, Department of Animal Science, College of
Agriculture, Central Luzon State University
S. S. Bumagat, Instructor, Department of Animal Science, College of
Agriculture, Central Luzon State University
Twelve native yearling carabaos were allowed to graze
over a period of three (3) dry months to observe their
grazing behavior on Themeda pasture and to determine the
effect of stocking rate on the grazing-feeding time during the
dry season. The daytime grazing was significantly affected
by temperature. Grazing time during the day decreased
as temperature increased. Nighttime temperature did not
influence the nighttime grazing period of the animals.
Grazing by animals was accomplished longer during
nighttime. Shade seeking and wallowing turned to be the
most effective means for the carabao to overcome heat
stress during daytime. The animal spent more time to
shade seeking than wallowing, a phenomenon attributed to
the inadequacy of wallowing points. Shade seeking was
found to be significantly correlated with temperature.
Rumination was accomplished mostly during nighttime,
while the animals were resting. Temperature did not affect
the rumination time of the animals. Stocking rate had
neither significantly affected pasture grazing time and
supplemented feeding.
Keywords: grazing behavior, native yearling carabao,
themeda pasture
*Abstracts of Completed Researches. 1981-1986. (1981)
PCRDC-PCARRD, CLSU, Muñoz, Nueva Ecija. Also
in OED-PCC-DA Abstracts: Water Buffalo Researches in
the Philippines. 1981–1995. p. 139.
F-51
COMPARISON OF THE FEEDING VALUE OF RICE
STRAW AND RICE STRAW MOLASSES SILAGE IN
CATTLE AND CARABAOS*
L. P. Palo, Research Associate, Dairy Training and Research Institute,
College, of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños
L. S. Castillo, Professor, Department of Animal Husbandry, College of
Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños
N. Panisales, Research Assistant, Department of Animal Husbandry,
College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños
N. Uichanco, Research Assistant, Department of Animal Husbandry,
College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños
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