THE PHILIPPINE WATER BUFFALO

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amount to meet the dry matter requirements of the low level fed animals. There was no significant interaction between energy and protein nor were there significant differences in daily weight gain for the different treatments. The nutrient requirements for energy and protein were found to be 20% lower than those suggested for the growing water buffaloes of India. Keywords: carabao heifers, concentrate supplementation, corn silage, energy and protein requirement *Abstract of Completed Researches, 1981-1983. PCC- DA, UPLB. Also in OED-PCC-DA Abstracts: Water Buffalo Researches in the Philippines. 1981-1995. p. 12. F-23 IN VITRO EVALUATION OF QUALITY SILAGE FROM COMMONLY GROWING GRASSES FOR DRY SEASON CARABAO FEEDING SYSTEM* F. E. Corpus, M. S. Student, IGS, Central Luzon State University In vitro evaluation of five common grass species was conducted to determine their potential feeding value as silage for supplemental feeding during the dry season. The grasses were ensiled using three levels of molasses (-, 15, 30) and three ensiling durations (35, 75 and 110 days). The study was arranged in a 5 x 3 x 3 factorial in completely randomized design with 3 replications per treatments. Paragrass and napier grass were best among the grasses with regard to desired pH level (4.0). Good quality silage were produced from all the grasses when these were ensiled for 110 days either on zero or 15% molasses. This was attributed to increased population of lactic acid forming bacteria and attainment of optimum pH level. Smaller losses in crude protein (CP) and crude fiber (CF) were noted in themeda and paragrass silages. Marked increase in ether extract (EE) and nitrogen free extract (NFE) were observed in silages produced from cogon, themeda and paragrass. Likewise, in vitro digestibility significantly increased in silages produced from cogon, themeda and napier grass during prolonged ensiling. Keywords: in vitro evaluation, napier grass, para grass, quality silage *M. S. Thesis. 1987. IGS, CLSU, Muñoz, Nueva Ecija. Also in OED-PCC-DA Abstract: Water Buffalo Researches in the Philippines 1981-1995. p. 14-15. F-24 GRAZING TRIALS ON THEMEDA AND THEMEDA X STYLO MIXED PASTURE I. GRAZING TRIALS ON UNIMPROVED THEMEDA PASTURE* 108 ABSTRACT OF RESEARCHES ON THE PHILIPPINE WATER BUFFALO L. C. Cruz, Professor, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Central Luzon State University and Project Leader, Philippine Carabao Research and Development Center, Philippine Council for Agriculture and Resources Research Development, Central Luzon State University D. D. Lorenzo, Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Central Luzon State University H. H. Venturina, Science Research Specialist, Philippine Carabao Research and Development Center, Philippine Council for Agriculture and Resources Research Development, Central Luzon State University A. Venturina, Animal Caretaker, Philippine Carabao Research and Development Center, Philippine Council for Agriculture and Resources Research Development, Central Luzon State University T. Palada, Laborer, Philippine Carabao Research and Development Center, Philippine Council for Agriculture and Resources Research Development, Central Luzon State University F. V. Mamuad, Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Central Luzon State University Fifty-four (54) yearling carabaos were assigned on a 3 x 2 factorial experiment in a fifty-four hectares of Themeda grassland involving three stocking rates (0.7, 0.5 and 0.33 a.u./ha) and two levels of concentrate supplementation (low and medium) during summer. The objective of the study was to define the optimum stocking rate for water buffaloes under Themeda pasture and assess the seasonal effects on the productivity of the grazing animals. A decreasing trend in liveweight was noted among the experimental trials during summer, irrespective of stocking rate. Improvement on performance was noted during rainy seasons, the magnitude of change was relatively higher among animals in wide area. Optimum stocking rate for Themeda was established at 0.4 a.u./ha. Move to reduce pasture/animal unit resulted in increased production/ha but significant changes in the vegetation resulted in increased stocking rate of 0.7 a.u./ha. Keywords: grazing trials, yearling carabaos, unimproved Themeda pasture *Abstracts of Completed Researches. 1981-1986. PCRDC-PCARRD, CLSU, Muñoz, Nueva Ecija. Also in OED-PCC-DA Abstracts: Water Buffalo Researches in the Philippines. 1981-1995. (1996). p. 131-132. F-25 GRAZING TRIAL ON THEMEDA AND THEMEDA X STYLE MIXED PASTURE II. GRAZING BEHAVIOR OF CARABAOS* L. C. Cruz, Professor, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Central Luzon State University and Project Leader, Philippine Carabao Research and Development Center, Philippine Council for Agriculture and Resources Research Development, Central Luzon State University J. S. Viray, Instructor, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Central Luzon State University H. V. Venturina, Science Research Specialist, Philippine Carabao Research and Development Center, Philippine Council for Agriculture and Resources Research Development, Central Luzon State University
D. D. Lorenzo, Instructor, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Central Luzon State University F. V. Mamuad, Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Central Luzon State University The study was conducted to establish grazing behavior of carabaos under native pasture. Six yearling female Philippine carabaos (PC) were allowed to graze on Themeda pasture at stocking rates of 0.7 a.u./ha (n=3) and 0.3 a.u./ha (n=3) for one year covering both wet and dry seasons. Observations on grazing, rumination, wallowing/ shade seeking, idling and other activities were made for 24 hours at weekly interval. Ambient temperature, relative humidity and other atmospheric parameters were also gathered during observation. Animals spent 38.5% of the time grazing. This activity starts as early as 3:00 a.m. duration being longer during dry season than during wet season, with much of the activity concentrated during daytime. There were indications that temperature affects grazing behavior. Carabaos were observed to cover 3.64 m/min while in search for forage and greater distance was traveled during the rainy season. Time spent for rumination accounts for 35.11% of the time with grazing time: rumination ratio of 1:0.91. On the other hand, only 10.10% of the time spent for wallowing. Not only was wallowing more frequent during rainy months but also the total time spent for wallowing was greater. Keywords: carabao grazing behavior, Themeda x stylo mixed pasture *Abstracts of Completed Researches. 1981-1986. PCRDC-PCARRD, CLSU, Muñoz, Nueva Ecija. Also in OED-PCC-DA Abstracts: Water Buffalo Researches in the Philippines. 1981-1995. (1996). p. 132. F-26 EFFECTS OF FEEDING THREE ENERGY LEVELS ON THE GROWTH AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF DAIRY CATTLE AND CARABAO (BUBALUS BUBALIS LINN.) UNDER PHILIPPINE CONDITION* R. C. Cruz, Former Ph. D. Student, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños A. L. Ordoveza, Associate Professor, Dairy Training and Research Institute, College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños L. P. Palo, Assistant Professor, Dairy Training and Research Institute, College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños The experiment consisted of a digestion feeding trial. The digestion trial was conducted prior to the feeding trial to ascertain the digestible nutrients of the test rations. In the feeding trial, a 2 x 3 factorial in a completely randomized design was used involving nine dairy heifers (Holstein x FEEDING AND NUTRITION Red Sindhi), 5 months old, and nine carabeifers (Bubalus bubalis Linn.) 1 ½ years old. Three dietary energy levels were used, namely: 90, 100 and 110% of the USNRC energy requirements for growth and reproduction. Protein level in each treatment was maintained at 100% of the USNRC protein requirements. The three test energy levels were supplied by rations consisting of para grass [Brachiaria mutica (Forsk) Staft], 42 days regrowth plus concentrate-bagasse mixture I, II and III. Test dairy heifers fed 90, 100 and 110% of USNRC energy requirements had the total weight gain of 100.18, 171.82 and 179.81 kg, respectively, while the average daily gains were 0.15, 0.26 and 0.28 kg, respectively. The total liveweight gain and average daily gain of test daily heifers fed 100 and 110% of NRC energy requirements were significantly (P
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ABSTRACT OF RESEARCHES ON THE PHILI
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USER’S GUIDE The book contains pu
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT Grateful recognition
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CONTENTS Inoc, J. G. and C. P. Maal
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CONTENTS Viernes, Jr., V. D. 2004.
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CONTENTS Harada, H., et al. Ultraso
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CONTENTS Ocampo, M. B., et al. Clea
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CONTENTS Aranas, T. J., et al. 1968
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CONTENTS Romulo, B. H., et al. Dige
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ANATOMY A-1 DISTRIBUTION AND MICROS
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of the islet. The pancreatic- polyp
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(P>0.05) from that of the Philippin
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A-15 THE MODIFIED HORN RING METHOD
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undifferentiated cells. Mucigenous
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*Abstracts of Completed Researches,
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A-31 SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC
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cells” had fewer zymogen granules
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is recommended that two years old P
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Their secretions, together with tho
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elated peptide (CGRP), vasoative in
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methods. The diameter of the semini
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appearance to the fungiform papilla
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of pyknotic nuclei in the follicula
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observed. Continuous medullary patt
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examination of the muzzle prints no
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conspicuously absent in the tunica
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esembles closely that of the lympho
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obtained for total serum protein, a
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A study in the conception rate of t
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significantly (P
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and Philippine-Murrah in health. Ei
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months to 3 years. Erythrocyte size
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were highly significant level (P
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THE CATTLE AND CARABAO BREEDING PRO
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estimated breeding values of (EBVs)
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and broken horn were common among t
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the Alb A Alb B and Alb B Alb B gen
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Page 77 and 78: stock farms which practiced backyar
Page 79 and 80: Ravi was at the top. The heterosis
Page 81 and 82: & 4):61-66. Also in Annotated Bibli
Page 83 and 84: Series of experiment were conducted
Page 85 and 86: Keywords: embryo, in vitro fertiliz
Page 87 and 88: The percentages of pregnant cattle
Page 89 and 90: after the second injection. The con
Page 91 and 92: INSEMINATION OF PHILIPPINE CARABAO
Page 93 and 94: It was noted that regardless of the
Page 95 and 96: the presence or absence of cysteami
Page 97 and 98: R. de Vera, Laboratory Aid, PCC-OED
Page 99 and 100: on the factors affecting embryo rec
Page 101 and 102: Expanded blastocysts did nor surviv
Page 103 and 104: Early pregnancy diagnosis was condu
Page 105 and 106: ng/ml and dropped sharply at partur
Page 107 and 108: R-67 MANAGEMENT AND CLIMATIC FACTOR
Page 109 and 110: Keywords: carabao heifers, estrous
Page 111 and 112: animal draft power was designed and
Page 113 and 114: Water Buffalo Researches in the Phi
Page 115 and 116: D-13 SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEM
Page 117 and 118: FEEDING AND NUTRITION F-1 OBSERVATI
Page 119 and 120: W. L. Johnson, Former Graduate Assi
Page 121 and 122: in a majority of the carcass compon
Page 123 and 124: F-16 FEEDING VALUE OF CORN STOVER-M
Page 125: (DDMI) of rice straw per 100 kg bod
Page 129 and 130: Tethering, soiling, communal pastur
Page 131 and 132: C. R. Legaspino, Former Student, De
Page 133 and 134: 70.97 mg percent. Age and sex seeme
Page 135 and 136: levels (8.3 mg/100 ml vs. 11.0 mg/1
Page 137 and 138: for the first 7 months. Tethering p
Page 139 and 140: L. S. Castillo, Professor, Departme
Page 141 and 142: Keywords: caraheifers, chromic oxid
Page 143 and 144: similar. Addition of 1% urea in the
Page 145 and 146: espectively. Detergent fiber analys
Page 147 and 148: V. S. Subere, Former M. S. Student,
Page 149 and 150: serovars were used namely: Leptospi
Page 151 and 152: was conducted in the abattoirs of M
Page 153 and 154: Pseudomonas sp. (2.86%), Pasteurell
Page 155 and 156: *Undergraduate thesis, College of V
Page 157 and 158: upper respiratory tract of normal c
Page 159 and 160: studies are necessary to find possi
Page 161 and 162: permanent cheek teeth, 26 permanent
Page 163 and 164: uy back operation, 11 calving inter
Page 165 and 166: caraheifers, 2, 27, 45 carcass qual
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THE PHILIPPINE WATER BUFFALO

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