THE PHILIPPINE WATER BUFFALO
THE PHILIPPINE WATER BUFFALO
THE PHILIPPINE WATER BUFFALO
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W. L. Johnson, Former Graduate Assistant, UP Cornell Graduate<br />
Education Program, Facuhad de Zootecnia, Universidad Agraria, La Molina<br />
Lima Peru<br />
W. A. Hardison, UNDP/FAO Consultant, Dairy Training Research Institute,<br />
College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños<br />
A.L. Ordoveza, Dairy Specialist, Dairy Training Research Institute,<br />
College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños<br />
L. S. Castillo, Associate Professor, Dairy Training Research Institute,<br />
College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños<br />
Nine metabolism trials were conducted during the wet and<br />
early dry seasons of 1965 and 1966 in the Philippines.<br />
Panicum maximum (guinea grass) at growth stages of 5 to<br />
10 weeks was fed as the sole ration to growing Holstein<br />
(Bos taurus) and water buffalo (Bualus bubalis) bulls. In<br />
both seasons the amount of nitrogen consumed, absorbed<br />
and retained decreased with advancing maturity of the<br />
grass. Nitrogen intake, absorption and retention were all<br />
higher for the water buffaloes in both years, however, only<br />
the differences between animal species noted during the<br />
1995 trials were statistically significant. Retained nitrogen<br />
was significantly correlated with consumed nitrogen,<br />
absorbed nitrogen, crude protein digestibility, digestible<br />
protein intake, feed water intake, total water intake and<br />
insensible water loss. It is indicated that herbage containing<br />
more than six percent protein (with a crude digestibility<br />
coefficient greater than 47.5 percent) must be consumed to<br />
insure positive nitrogen balance in the growing ruminant,<br />
whenever that herbage is unsupplemented in the ration.<br />
Keywords: cattle, nitrogen balance, nutritive value,<br />
Panicum maximum, water buffaloes<br />
* Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science.<br />
1967-1968 (1968) v. 4 and 5 p. 73-78.<br />
F-7<br />
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON <strong>THE</strong> COMPOSITION OF<br />
<strong>THE</strong> RUMEN LIQUOR BETWEEN CARABAO<br />
(BUBALUS BUBALIS) AND CATTLE (BOS TAURUS)*<br />
T. J. Aranas, Senior Researcher, Dairy Training and Research Institute,<br />
College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños<br />
P. L. Lopez, Professor, Department of Animal Science, College of<br />
Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños<br />
Two separate feeding trials were conducted using two<br />
carabaos and two Holstein cattle to determine the effect of<br />
stage of maturity (60 and 90-day) of napier grass and<br />
frequency of feeding (once and twice) on the chemical<br />
composition of the rumen liquor. Another two trials were<br />
conducted using only two carabaos to determine the effect<br />
of concentrate supplementation in a rice straw diet and the<br />
time of concentrate supplementation during rice straw/silage<br />
feeding. Samples of rumen liquor were obtained from each<br />
animals specified time interval after 10 days feed.<br />
FEEDING AND NUTRITION<br />
Composition between carabao and cattle in term of their<br />
efficiency in utilizing napier grass at different ages showed<br />
that based on the averages, the pH was the same for both<br />
species, regardless of the type of feeding system observed<br />
(trials I and II). Total nitrogen (N) was consistently higher for<br />
carabao than cattle and this is true too for nonprotein nitrogen<br />
(NPN) and ammonia nitrogen (NH 3 -N) when fed 90-day<br />
napier grass. However, with 60-day napier grass, there is<br />
practically no difference in NPN and NH 3 -N for both species.<br />
In terms of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), cattle was slightly<br />
higher in concentration than carabao, particularly, with 90day<br />
napier grass. The pH increased with concentrate feeding<br />
particularly during the first 3-hours, returning to normal with<br />
time (trial III). Concentration of total nitrogen (TN) was about<br />
the same during the rice straw and concentrate feeding.<br />
Although, the average NPN increased when concentrate<br />
was given after one hour in a rice straw diet. The average<br />
urea-N concentration decreased under similar feeding while<br />
NH 3 -N increased markedly by almost 100%. Total volatile<br />
fatty acid was slightly higher with rice straw feeding. A peak<br />
in TN concentration was observed within 30 min. from<br />
feeding of silage, decreasing thereafter with time. Similar<br />
trend was observed in NPN while the peak of urea-N,<br />
NH 3 -N and TVFA was observed at 3 hours from feeding.<br />
The pH increased within one hour with concentrate<br />
supplementation (trial IV) but decreased markedly with time,<br />
returning to normal within 6 hours from feeding. The average<br />
TN concentration was higher when the animals was fed rice<br />
straw than concentrate. The average NPN concentration<br />
was higher with concentrate feeding. Urea-N in concentration<br />
form 0 to 2 hours from feeding rice straw and up to 4 hours<br />
from feeding of concentrate. The average NH 3 -N was more<br />
than 3x higher in concentrate feeding than in rice straw<br />
feeding. Total VFA was slightly higher in rice strawconcentrate<br />
diet.<br />
Keywords: carabaos, Holstein cattle, napier grass, rumen<br />
liquor<br />
* Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science.<br />
1978 v. 4 (1). p. 32-41.<br />
F-8<br />
<strong>THE</strong> FEEDING VALUE OF HIGH-MOISTURE CORN<br />
AS A SUPPLEMENT TO RICE STRAW-MOLASSES<br />
SILAGE IN FEEDLOT FATTENING OF CARABAO*<br />
G. B. Asunto, Former Undergraduate Student, Department Animal<br />
Husbandry, College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños<br />
L. S. Castillo, Associate Professor, Department Animal Husbandry, College<br />
of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños<br />
Ten male carabaos of approximately 24 to 36 months of<br />
age are fattened for a period of 137 days. Trials were also<br />
101