THE PHILIPPINE WATER BUFFALO

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using the non-surgical technique was also tried. Superovulation was carried out by the administration of 25 mg PGF 2 alpha followed by 2000 IU of PMSG 10 injection days later. A second dose of PGF 2 alpha was given 48 hours after PMSG injection. Seventy two hours after the PGF 2 alpha, all animals received 250 ug GnRH each and were simultaneously inseminated. Follow-up insemination was done 12 hour thereafter. Three out of 4 animals ovulated with an average number of 3 corpus luteum each. Two thirds of the ovulation occurred in the right ovaries. One unfertilized egg and one embryo were collected on 4.5 days after AI from the animals and represented only 22.22% (2/9) of the expected number. The embryos were on the morula stage. In summary, the ovulatory response to the treatments yielded an average of only 2.25 corpus luteum per animals and 22.2% egg/embryo recovery efficiency. Keywords: river and swamp buffaloes, superovulation, non-surgical embryo collection *Phil. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 1990. 16 (1&2):76 (Abstr.). R-50 EFFECT OF HYPODERMIC NEEDLE ACUPUNCTURE ON THE REPRODUCTIVE ACTIVITY OF POST- PARTUM ANESTRUS WATER BUFFALOES (Bubalus bubalis)* R. S. Pe, Undergraduate DVM student, CVM, UPLB J. Acorda, Associate Professor, CVM, UPLB C. A. Valdez, Associate Professor, CVM, UPLB A. S. Sarabia, Supervising Science Research Specialist, PCC-UPLB, DA The effect of hypodermic needle acupuncture on the reproductive activity of eight (8) postpartum anestrus water buffaloes was investigated. The eight animals were divided into control and treatment groups with four animals each. The treatment group received simultaneous acupuncture stimulation at acupoints 31 and 52 for five minutes a day for five consecutive days while the control group received no treatment. Rectal palpations were performed on both groups one day after acupuncture stimulation or start of observation and repeated every five to seven days thereafter until 90 days. The presence of ovarian follicles and corpus luteum and behavioral manifestations of heat were noted. All animals, which showed signs of heat were artificially inseminated and conception rate was recorded. For the treatment groups, all water buffaloes subjected to acupuncture therapy came into estrus twice; with two animals each coming to two complete cycles (estrus to corpus luteum formation) and two other animals reaching a cycle once. For the control group, one animal came into full cycle twice, one animal cycled completely once, one animal came into heat once and one animal did not exhibit 82 ABSTRACT OF RESEARCHES ON THE PHILIPPINE WATER BUFFALO signs of heat. Compared to the control group, the treatment group had shorter intervals for calving to first heat, calving to first corpus luteum development, first follicular development to first heat and first follicular development to first corpus luteum development. The interval between acupuncture or start of observation and first heat, first corpus luteum development, second heat and second corpus luteum development was shorter in the treatment group than in the control group. Two animals and one animal were artificially inseminated for the treatment and control groups, respectively. No animal conceived successfully, due to some factors beyond the conrol of the study. The results showed that acupuncture has the potentials to be used as an alternative method for therapy of postpartum anestrus water buffaloes. Keywords: hypodermic needle acupuncture, postpartum anestrus water buffaloes *PCC at UP Los Baños Annual Report. 1997. p. 23-32. R-51 CRYOPERSERVATION OF IN-VITRO PRODUCED SWAMP BUFFALO BLASTOCYSTS BY VITRIFI- CATION METHOD USING ETHYLENE GLYCOL- BASED SOLUTION* P. B. Pedro, Senior Agriculturist, PCC-OED, DA D. H. Duran, Science Research Specialisit II, PCC-CLSU, DA F. P. Aquino, Training Officer III, PCC-CLSU, DA R. de Vera, Laboratory Aide, PCC-CLSU, DA M. Masahiko, JOVC Volunteer L. C. Cruz, Executive Director, PCC-OED, DA This study was conducted to examine the in vitro survival of vitrified-thawed embryos of swamp buffalo produced in vitro. In total, 15 embryos at the early blastocysts, blastocyct, and expanded blastocysts were examined. The vitrification solution used was, EFS40 and 10% EG; these was 40% ethylene glycol, diluted in modified phosphate-buffered saline (mPBS) containing 30% Ficoll + 0.5 M sucrose and 10% EG was prepared with 10% ethylene glycol diluted in PB1 medium. The embryos were exposed to the solutions in two-step at room temperature; kept in the solutions for 0.5 or 1.0 min, vitrified in liquid nitrogen, and warmed slowly. When early blastocycsts were vitrified in EFS40 solution after 0.5 or 1 min of exposure, 66.7 – 75% of them were found to have re-expanded blastocoels and 50% have the ability to hatch from their zona pellucida within 72 hr of in vitro culture. However, when the exposure time was extended to 1.0 minute, only 25% hatched from the zona. When the embryos were vitrified at the blastocyst stage, the survival was very low (0 – 33.3%) after 1.0 or 0.5 min of exposure.
Expanded blastocysts did nor survived regardless of the exposure period. The result indicates that in vitro produced swamp buffalo embryos can be effectively vitrified by this simple method. However, refinement of the procedure is needed to improve the survival and in vivo development shall be investigated in the future. Keywords: blastocysts, swamp buffalo, cryopreservation, ethylene glycol, vitrification *Proceedings of the PSAS 35 th Annual Convention. October 21-22, 1999. Metro Manila, Philippines. p. 257. R-52 CRYOPRESERVATION OF BUFFALO OOCYTES USING DIMETHYSULFOXIDE (DMSO) AND GLYCEROL* R. C. Ramos, Student, CVSM, CLSU F. A. Venturina, Senior Science Research Specialist, PCC-DA, CLSU H. V. Venturina, Supervising Science Research Specialist, PCC-DAS, CLSU E. V. Venturina, Science Research Specialist, PCC-DA, CLSU F. V. Mamuad, Associate Professor, IAS-CA, CLSU and Director, PCC- DA, CLSU This study examined the viability of germinal vesicle stage buffalo oocytes following cryopreservation. Cumulusenclosed oocytes (n=109) were aspirated from buffalo ovaries collected from slaughterhouses. Morphological assessment of oocytes after thawing was done for evaluation of survivability. Survival rate of oocytes was highest in T3 (1.5 M concentration of glycerol) and T5 (1.25 M concentration of DMSO) at 81.25% and 86.36%, respectively. Treatment 1 (1.0 M concentration of glycerol) had the lowest (15.78%) survival rate which was found to be statistically different from the other treatment groups. All thawed frozen oocytes were classified either as Category A (morphologically normal), Category B (uncertain oocytes), or Category C (dead oocytes). Within this assessment, three stages of oocyte maturation were further demonstrated, namely: germinal vesicle stage (GVS), germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), and Metaphase 1 (M-1). Results showed that T3 (1.5M concentration of glycerol) and T5 (1.25M of DMSO) yielded 53.85% and 50%, respectively, showing the highest maturation capability as evidenced by reaching Metaphase 1. Keywords: buffalo oocytes, cryopreservation, dimethysulfoxide, glycerol, and morphological assessment *Abstracts of Completed Researches 1993-1995. 1996. PCC at CLSU, Muñoz, Nueva Ecija. Also in Abstracts of Water Buffalo Researches in the Philippines 1981-1995. 1996. PCC-DA. p. 68. Also in Annotated Bibliography on REPRODUCTION Philippine Biodiversity: Livestock and Poultry (Agrobiodiversity) 1949-1997., Carabaos. 2002. p. 363. R-53 REPRODUCTIVE BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES, THE PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE* E. M. Rigor, Professor, IAS-CA, UPLB Reproductive biotechnology in the Philippines started about the middle 30s with work on sperm transport in swine. In the mid 50s the first calf born from AI was announced. From the early 70’s to the early 90s quite a bit of work on estrus synchronization in swine, cattle and buffaloes was done. Conception rates of estrus synchronized and naturally cycling animals were essentially the same. In the buffalo it has been consistently low at 30 percent. The future of reproductive biotechnology in the Philippines to reproduce highly productive and adopted animals rests on cloning and sexing of embryos. Endangered species can also be cloned but a formidable problem is finding an adequate number of recipients for embryo transfer. Keywords: artificial insemination, cattle, cloning and sexing of embryos, swine, water buffaloes *Anim. Husb. Agric. J. 1994. 29(11):12-14. Also in Annotated Bibliography on Philippine Biodiversity: Livestock and Poultry (Agrobiodiversity) 1949-1997, Carabaos. 2002. p. 278. R-54 HISTOPATHOLOGICAL DISORDERS OF THE INTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS OF MATURE NON-PREGNANT PHILIPPINE CARABAO (Bubalus bubalis)* D. T. Rodulfo, Undergraduate Student Fourteen pathological cases of the internal reproductive organs of slaughtered Philippine cara-cows (Bubalus bubalis) were studied histologically. No literatures on histopathological disorders of the internal reproductive organs of cara-cows are yet available so that similar histopathological cases occuring in the bovine species as found by Veterinary pathologists were used as bases for comparison. Normal slides of the different organs were used as basis for determining cellular changes plus reference in veterinary histology. Of the pathological disorders studied, follicular cyst is the most common as surveyed followed by the parovarian cyst, cervicitis, hydrosalpinx, cystic glandular hyperplasia cystic corpora lutea, hypoplasia and adhesions. The least common ones are mucometra, tumor, 83
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ABSTRACT OF RESEARCHES ON THE PHILI
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USER’S GUIDE The book contains pu
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT Grateful recognition
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CONTENTS Inoc, J. G. and C. P. Maal
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CONTENTS Viernes, Jr., V. D. 2004.
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CONTENTS Harada, H., et al. Ultraso
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CONTENTS Ocampo, M. B., et al. Clea
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CONTENTS Aranas, T. J., et al. 1968
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CONTENTS Romulo, B. H., et al. Dige
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ANATOMY A-1 DISTRIBUTION AND MICROS
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of the islet. The pancreatic- polyp
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(P>0.05) from that of the Philippin
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A-15 THE MODIFIED HORN RING METHOD
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undifferentiated cells. Mucigenous
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*Abstracts of Completed Researches,
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A-31 SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC
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cells” had fewer zymogen granules
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is recommended that two years old P
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Their secretions, together with tho
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elated peptide (CGRP), vasoative in
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methods. The diameter of the semini
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appearance to the fungiform papilla
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of pyknotic nuclei in the follicula
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observed. Continuous medullary patt
Page 49 and 50: examination of the muzzle prints no
Page 51 and 52: conspicuously absent in the tunica
Page 53 and 54: esembles closely that of the lympho
Page 55 and 56: obtained for total serum protein, a
Page 57 and 58: A study in the conception rate of t
Page 59 and 60: significantly (P
Page 61 and 62: and Philippine-Murrah in health. Ei
Page 63 and 64: months to 3 years. Erythrocyte size
Page 65 and 66: were highly significant level (P
Page 67 and 68: THE CATTLE AND CARABAO BREEDING PRO
Page 69 and 70: estimated breeding values of (EBVs)
Page 71 and 72: and broken horn were common among t
Page 73 and 74: the Alb A Alb B and Alb B Alb B gen
Page 75 and 76: different in trms of shear force va
Page 77 and 78: stock farms which practiced backyar
Page 79 and 80: Ravi was at the top. The heterosis
Page 81 and 82: & 4):61-66. Also in Annotated Bibli
Page 83 and 84: Series of experiment were conducted
Page 85 and 86: Keywords: embryo, in vitro fertiliz
Page 87 and 88: The percentages of pregnant cattle
Page 89 and 90: after the second injection. The con
Page 91 and 92: INSEMINATION OF PHILIPPINE CARABAO
Page 93 and 94: It was noted that regardless of the
Page 95 and 96: the presence or absence of cysteami
Page 97 and 98: R. de Vera, Laboratory Aid, PCC-OED
Page 99: on the factors affecting embryo rec
Page 103 and 104: Early pregnancy diagnosis was condu
Page 105 and 106: ng/ml and dropped sharply at partur
Page 107 and 108: R-67 MANAGEMENT AND CLIMATIC FACTOR
Page 109 and 110: Keywords: carabao heifers, estrous
Page 111 and 112: animal draft power was designed and
Page 113 and 114: Water Buffalo Researches in the Phi
Page 115 and 116: D-13 SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEM
Page 117 and 118: FEEDING AND NUTRITION F-1 OBSERVATI
Page 119 and 120: W. L. Johnson, Former Graduate Assi
Page 121 and 122: in a majority of the carcass compon
Page 123 and 124: F-16 FEEDING VALUE OF CORN STOVER-M
Page 125 and 126: (DDMI) of rice straw per 100 kg bod
Page 127 and 128: D. D. Lorenzo, Instructor, Departme
Page 129 and 130: Tethering, soiling, communal pastur
Page 131 and 132: C. R. Legaspino, Former Student, De
Page 133 and 134: 70.97 mg percent. Age and sex seeme
Page 135 and 136: levels (8.3 mg/100 ml vs. 11.0 mg/1
Page 137 and 138: for the first 7 months. Tethering p
Page 139 and 140: L. S. Castillo, Professor, Departme
Page 141 and 142: Keywords: caraheifers, chromic oxid
Page 143 and 144: similar. Addition of 1% urea in the
Page 145 and 146: espectively. Detergent fiber analys
Page 147 and 148: V. S. Subere, Former M. S. Student,
Page 149 and 150: serovars were used namely: Leptospi
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was conducted in the abattoirs of M
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Pseudomonas sp. (2.86%), Pasteurell
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*Undergraduate thesis, College of V
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upper respiratory tract of normal c
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studies are necessary to find possi
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permanent cheek teeth, 26 permanent
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uy back operation, 11 calving inter
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caraheifers, 2, 27, 45 carcass qual
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THE PHILIPPINE WATER BUFFALO

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