Middle and Late Bronze Age Metal Tools from the Aegean, Eastern ...

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Sites & Object types Specific object date Tool type category Context L W Bibliography Ax, single/flat Carpentry/masonry Settlement 20.8 cm Deshayes 623, Dunand 1937-39, 282, pl. XCVI, #4053 Ax, single/flat Carpentry/masonry Settlement 9.3 ce = 2.7 Deshayes 624, plate VIII, 18; Dunand 1937-39, 255 pl. XCVI #3721 Ax, single/flat Carpentry/masonry Settlement 12.4 cm Deshayes 625, Dunand 1937-39, 352, pl. XCVIII, #5227 Ax, single/flat Carpentry/masonry Settlement 9.5 cm Deshayes 647; Dunand 1954, 113, figure 108, #7553 Ax, single/flat Carpentry/masonry Settlement Deshayes 648; Dunand 1954, 438, figure 468, #11323 Ax, single/flat Carpentry/masonry Settlement 12.6 cm Deshayes 649; Dunand 1954, 195, figure 198, #8484 Ax, single/flat Carpentry/masonry Settlement 11.4 cm Deshayes 585; Bybos II, p. 95, figure 82, #7289 Ax, single/flat Carpentry/masonry Settlement 12 cm Deshayes 586; Dunand 1937-39, 427, pl. XCVIII, #6573 Ax, single/flat Carpentry/masonry Settlement 15.5 cm Deshayes 586; Dunand 1937-39, 427, pl. XCVIII, #6574 Ax, single/flat Carpentry/masonry Settlement 15.2 cm Deshayes 587; Dunand 1937-39, 317, pl. XCVII, #4375 Ax, single/flat Carpentry/masonry Settlement 13 cm Deshayes 569, Dunand 1954, 63, figure 36, #7080 Ax, single/flat Carpentry/masonry Settlement 19.5 cm ce = 4.7 Deshayes 570, plate VII.18; Dunand 1937-39, 134, pl. XCV, #1962 Ax, single/flat Carpentry/masonry Settlement 19.5 cm Deshayes 570, plate VII.18; Dunand 1937-39, 134, pl. XCV, #1963 Ax, single/flat Carpentry/masonry Settlement 21 cm Deshayes 570, plate VII.18; Dunand 1937-39, 231, pl. XCVI, #3377 Ax, single/flat Carpentry/masonry Settlement 19.3 cm Deshayes 552, p. 71; Dunand 1954, 133, #7662 Ax, single/flat Carpentry/masonry Settlement 25 cm Deshayes 552, p. 71; Dunand 1954, 141, figure 108, #7739 Ax, single/flat Carpentry/masonry Settlement 11.6 cm Deshayes 562; Byblos I, p 347, figure 278, #5168 Ax, single/flat Carpentry/masonry Settlement 17.3 cm Deshayes 503; Dunand 1954, 315, pl. CLXXVIII, #9803 Ax, single/flat Carpentry/masonry Settlement 8.7 cm ce = 1.8 Deshayes 369, plate IV,14; Dunand 1954, 447, figure 483, #11431 Ax, single/flat Carpentry/masonry Settlement 11.4 cm Deshayes 259 pg 58; Dunand 1954, 60, figure 85, #7052 Ax, trunnion/lugged Carpentry/masonry Settlement 13.7 cm ce = 3.2 Deshayes 1056, pg. 116, plate XIV.1; Dunand 1937-39, 426, pl. XCVI, #6571 Blade, flanged Utilitarian Settlement 16 cm Deshayes 1057, pg 116; Dunand 1954, 69, figure 46, #7126 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 20 cm ce = 2.5 Deshayes 954, pg 98, pl. XI.2; Byblos I, 343, figure 274, #5117 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 10 cm Deshayes 906; Byblos I, 352, pl. CI, #5221 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 9.5 cm Deshayes 894; Dunand 1954, 223, #8863 and figure 173 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 7.2 cm Deshayes 854; Dunand 1954, 371, #10512 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement Deshayes 855; Byblos II, pl. CLXXVIII, #17075 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 16.3 cm Deshayes 856; Bybos I, p. 339, pl. CII, #5066 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 19 cm Deshayes 788; Dunand 1954, 460, pl. CLXXVIII, #11598 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 10 cm ce = 0.8 Deshayes 789, figure X.6; Dunand 1954, 117, figure 108, #7574 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 7.4 cm ce = 1.9 Deshayes 717, pg. 87, plate IX.9; Dunand 1954, 169, figure 173, #8091 Chisel? Carpentry/masonry Settlement 21.3 cm ce = 2.2 Deshayes 607, plate VIII, 7; Dunand 1954, 204, pl. CLXXVIII, #8594 Drill Carpentry/masonry Settlement 11.8 cm Deshayes 192; Dunand 1954, 268, figure 299, #9308 Drill Carpentry/masonry Settlement 9.8 cm ce = 0.3 Deshayes 194, pg. 48, plate II.22; Dunand 1954, 113, fig. 113, #7555 Hammer Metallurgical Settlement 9.5 cm Deshayes 2316; Dunand 1937-39, 182, figure 169, #2862 Knife Utilitarian Settlement 12.7 cm Deshayes 2638; Dunand 1937-39, 262, figure 226, #3808 Knife Utilitarian Settlement 8.2 cm Deshayes 2625; Dunand 1937-39, 221, pl. XCIX, #3278 Knife Utilitarian Settlement 7.5 cm Deshayes 2627; Byblos, I, p. 227, pl. XCIX, #3329 Knife Utilitarian Settlement 17.5 cm Deshayes 2370; Dunand 1954, 466, figure 502, #11670 Mold, for shaft hole Ax Metallurgical Settlement 18.8 Deshayes 1511; Dunand 1954, 11 figure 5, #6794 and p. 234 Plowshare? Agricultural Settlement 13.5 cm Deshayes 1188, p. 136, pl. XVI.12; Dunand 1954, 325, figure 260 Saw with teeth Level XVIII Carpentry/masonry Settlement 7.6 cm Deshayes 2868, pg. 356; Byblos, I, p. 257, pl. CII, #3743 Scraper? Utilitarian Settlement 8.7 cm Deshayes 3031, p. 374, pl. XLIX.20; Dunand 1954, 413, figure 452, #11031 Sickle Agricultural Settlement 21 cm Deshayes 2769; Dunand 1937-39, 119, pl. XCIX, #1781 Sickle Agricultural Settlement 17.5 cm Deshayes 2769; Dunand 1954, 101, pl. CLXXVIII, #7451 Spatula Utilitarian Settlement 11 cm Deshayes 3016, p. 373, pl. XLIX.2, Dunand 1954, 258, pl. CLXXX, #9215 Spatula or scraper Utilitarian Settlement 8.5 cm Deshayes 3050, p. 376; Dunand 1954, 208, figure 212, #8641 Spatula or scraper Utilitarian Settlement 12.5 cm Deshayes 3053, p. 276, pl. XLIX.3; Dunand 1937-39, 373, pl. C, #5447 Spatula or scraper Utilitarian Settlement 5.5 cm Deshayes 3010, 372, pl. XLIX.23; Dunand 1937-39, 254, figure 222, #3707 SYRIA-PALESTINE 656
Sites & Object types Specific object date Tool type category Context L W Bibliography Spatula or scraper Utilitarian Settlement 29 cm Deshayes 3012, p 373; Dunand 1954, 91 figure 80, #7364 Spatula or scraper Utilitarian Settlement 11.2 cm Deshayes 3015, p. 373; Dunand 1954, 260, pl. CLXXX, #9240 Spatula or scraper Utilitarian Settlement 8.2 cm Deshayes 3023, p. 373, Dunand 1954, 281, figure 310, #9416 Spatula or scraper Utilitarian Settlement 10.5 cm Deshayes 2979; Dunand 1937-39, 158 and 218, pl. CXLI #2333 Spatula or scraper Utilitarian Settlement 7 cm Deshayes 2979; Dunand 1937-39, 158 and 218, pl. CXLI #2334 Spatula or scraper Utilitarian Settlement 8 cm Deshayes 2979; Dunand 1937-39, 158 and 218, pl. XCIX, #3227 Spatula or scraper Utilitarian Settlement 7.7 cm Deshayes 2981; Dunand 1954, 269, pl. CLXXXII, #10482 Spatula or scraper Utilitarian Settlement 7.4 cm Deshayes 2986, p. 371, pl. XLVIII.25; Dunand 1954, 208, pl. CLXXXII, #8645 Gezer -MBA Ax, single/flat Carpentry/masonry Settlement 11.8 ce = 4.6 Deshayes 561, plate VII.13; Gezer II, p. 243 and III, plate CXCII.11 Ax, trunnion/lugged level III Carpentry/masonry Settlement 16.5 ce = 7.4 Deshayes 1070, plate XIV.3; Gezer II, p. 243; III, pl. CXCII.7 Gezer - LBA Ax, single/flat level IV Carpentry/masonry Settlement 16 ce = 5.2 Deshayes 568, plate VII.15; Gezer, II. p. 243 and III, plate CCXVIII.12 Ax, trunnion/lugged 1550-1450; LBA I Carpentry/masonry Settlement 15.5 ce = 8.7 Deshayes 1058, figure XIII.7; Gezer I, p. 325, III, pl. LXXXIX.17 Ax, trunnion/lugged 12th century Carpentry/masonry Settlement Maxwell-Hyslop 1953, 83, figure 6.13; Macalister, II, figure 415 Saw with teeth Carpentry/masonry Settlement 18.5 3.1 Deshayes 2887, plate XLVIII.11 Hama - 2nd millennium Ax, trunnion/lugged Carpentry/masonry Settlement? Maxwell-Hyslop 1953, 81, figure 4.18 Jericho - MBA Ax, single/flat Carpentry/masonry Settlement 14.5 ce = 5.1 Deshayes 573, plate VIII.5; Jericho, p. 117, fig. 104.9 Ax, single/flat Carpentry/masonry Settlement 12.5 Deshayes 567; Jericho p. 117, figure 104.5 Ax, single/flat Carpentry/masonry Settlement 16.5 ce = 5 Deshayes 1169, plate XV.10; Jericho, p.119-120, figure 106 Kibbutz Hahotrim - LBA Chisel Roughly 1200 BC Carpentry/masonry Shipwreck Wachsmann 2009, 208-209; Chisel Roughly 1200 BC Carpentry/masonry Shipwreck Wachsmann 2009, 208-209; Plowshare Roughly 1200 BC Agricultural Shipwreck Wachsmann 2009, 208-209; Megiddo - MBA Awl 1800-1750 BC Small crafts Settlement Deshayes 44 Awl 1800-1750 BC Small crafts Settlement Deshayes 87 Awl 18th-17th century Small crafts Settlement Deshayes 123 Ax, shaft hole 1800 BC Carpentry/masonry Unstratified or unknown 15 ce = 2 Deshayes 1495; Loud 1948, plate 182.2 Ax, shaft hole 18th-17th century BC Carpentry/masonry Burial 10.8 - 12.9 Deshayes 1502; Guy 1938, p. 167, plate 122.1 Ax, shaft hole 18th-17th century BC Carpentry/masonry Burial 13.1 Deshayes 1503; Guy 1938, p. 167, plate 133.4 Ax, shaft hole 1800 BC Carpentry/masonry Unstratified or unknown Deshayes 1504; Loud 1948, pl. 182.1 Ax, shaft hole 1700-1650 BC Carpentry/masonry Unstratified or unknown Deshayes 652 Ax, single/flat 1850-1800 BC Carpentry/masonry Unstratified or unknown Deshayes 635 Ax, single/flat 1850-1800 BC Carpentry/masonry Unstratified or unknown Deshayes 588 Ax, single/flat Carpentry/masonry Unstratified or unknown Deshayes 487 Ax, single/flat 1850-1800 BC Carpentry/masonry Unstratified or unknown 12.4 ce = 4.2 Deshayes 453; Loud 1948, plate 182.5 Ax, single/flat 1800-1750 BC Carpentry/masonry Unstratified or unknown Deshayes 368 Ax, single/flat 1650-1550 BC Carpentry/masonry Unstratified or unknown Deshayes 294 Ax, shaft hole 18th-17th century BC Carpentry/masonry Burial 10.8 - 12.9 Deshayes 1502; Guy 1938, p. 167,plate 122.2 Ax, shaft hole 18th-17th century BC Carpentry/masonry Burial 10.8 - 12.9 Deshayes 1502; Guy 1938, p. 167, plate 118.3 Blade, flanged 18th-17th OR 14th-13th Utilitarian Settlement Deshayes 1074 Chisel 16th century BC Carpentry/masonry Unstratified or unknown Deshayes 936 Chisel 19th century BC Carpentry/masonry Unstratified or unknown 9.3 ce = 0.6 Deshayes 834, plate X.12; Loud 1948, plate 184.2 Chisel 1750-1700 BC Carpentry/masonry Unstratified or unknown Deshayes 782 Chisel 16th century BC Carpentry/masonry Unstratified or unknown Deshayes 691 Double ax 1800-1750 BC Carpentry/masonry Unstratified or unknown 17 ce = 5.3 Deshayes 2082, plate XXXV.4; Loud 1948, plate 182.7 SYRIA-PALESTINE 657
Page 1:
Middle and Late Bronze Age Metal To
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investigation of the carpentry/maso
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Volume 1 CHAPTER 1: TABLE OF CONTEN
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Sites from the Greek islands 202 Si
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LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1: Shaft-hol
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Figure 3.12: Distribution of metall
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Figure 4.28: Map showing MBA carpen
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Plate 4.33: Double adze from Enkomi
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Plate 5.29: Orchomenos tool kit, Ch
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Several fellowships provided financ
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administrative staff at the college
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MBA 2000- 1600 LBA 1600- 1050 CHRON
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in the Aegean. 2 Small copper imple
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een easier with metal tools than st
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extremely scarce and the dearth of
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extraordinary number of metal tools
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this observation is astonishing sin
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Danube (IVe au IIe millénaire). Wh
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Mycenaean tool repertoire, yet some
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Chapter 2: Avenues for metallurgica
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cited as evidence for metallurgical
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ecycled items. Final products like
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ich published dataset, only a few s
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Quantities of raw metal were widely
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Turkey. Upon touring these sites, i
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The method for interpreting data fr
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second millennium BC. Such cases ar
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study area (from Cyprus), and its i
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are sufficiently differentiated fro
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his reconsideration of third millen
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to Catling, a violent purpose for t
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Different tool names may imply diss
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chisels. Categories 2 and 4 occur f
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detail for the carpentry/masonry to
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Isthmia region throughout the histo
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Gender responsibilities are investi
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Chapter 3: Metal tools in the secon
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double adze from the Enkomi Gunnis
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The link between a craftsperson and
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specialized and intended for specif
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III: The relationship of stone, bon
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durability. Stone cutting objects b
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information together. In the Aegean
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In addition to greater amounts of t
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y region may reflect social and cra
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database entries whose contextual c
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accurately account for the internal
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given to stockpiled tools. Thirty-f
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the larger and stronger metal types
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hoes/plowshares were preferred in b
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ather than a shipwreck. 165 Yet, li
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ideograms. 173 The Linear B ideogra
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The relative absence of Aegean digg
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goods were redistributed in two dis
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Bronze Age Mediterranean climate is
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frequency of these tools, however,
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mandated a striking implement. Wood
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patterns occur despite the fact tha
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is even more striking when compared
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quantities, actual smiths are menti
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The presence of metallurgical tools
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metal smiths moved throughout the l
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Site size and contextual analysis s
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is significant, as both regions wer
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the prominent LBA object type (53.6
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cannot always aid functional interp
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due in large part to 1) palatial li
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punches, borers, undefined implemen
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include bandages, pack-saddles, rei
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egion. The proportions of carpentry
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instruments during the course of th
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Cretan patterns (Fig. 3.31a): The r
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Despite the greater tool diversity,
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Syria-Palestine. The status of the
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distribution, as the category is qu
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differences in the consumption of t
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comparable to modern rulers and tap
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probably influenced from the east,
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Palestine and Anatolia. There are n
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4.2). 316 Similar blades are known
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part of a metal hoard that was stas
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Whether the double ax was an implem
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few select palaces (e.g. Mycenae, A
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specimens (Evely’s Type 4 lists s
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conveys how chisels, single axes, s
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functional differences. An implemen
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The tool type is common in Anatolia
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their size alone (Fig. 4.4), and th
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mortuary contexts, thus confirming
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were incorporated into double-ended
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Phornou Korifi, Myrtos, and Ayia Ph
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Size 1 (0.5 cm or less) Size 2 (0.6
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carving out deep mortises in wooden
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Mycenaean and Cypriot contexts, whi
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the socket may be that a wooden sha
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worn and battered from use; this da
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the early 12 th century: “It may
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Syria-Palestine 2 - 2 - Shipwrecks
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of shafted double hammers is also f
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in the Brunnen 212 hoard was conver
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mainland and may have aided drillin
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The tubular drill was first devised
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siderópetra (hard limestone known
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egularly considered to be absent fr
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together two sides of a handle, a f
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implement, it was employed from tim
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70 percent of the catalogue (79 out
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3. Saws with a straight blade top a
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ounded tip end with teeth (Plate 4.
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consumer. Cretan carpentry/masonry
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and Knossos, seemingly reflecting t
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Ayia Marina 1 1 chisel Gona (Macedo
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Ithaka-Polis 3 - 3 - 1 single/flat
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are reported from Ayia Irini, altho
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the island in the MBA. The distribu
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MBA site Total carpentry - masonry
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eported here. Despite this caveat,
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MBA site Total carpentry - masonry
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4.21). Minoan double axes and saws
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diameters are 5 cm and greater) mus
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(like Minoan types) as opposed to t
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Although traces of Anatolian or Ana
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common to Crete and Cyprus. The sin
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double ax forms, implies that the c
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carpentry/masonry tools contribute
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organized.” 530 My assertion rega
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type of diversity that may mark a t
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of fragmentation practices restrict
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final stage of the metal working: t
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shaped razor. 545 A similar collect
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workshops were easier to identify i
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definition of a hoard as “a group
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some hoards contained thousands of
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Discerning founders’ hoards from
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most assemblages were destined for
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often selected according to certain
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economic approach to hoarding must
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lacks contextual information or chr
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of objects from Mochlos also produc
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unrelated objects; and 3) the tradi
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as rare. Only two Cretan hoards con
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of comparison, there are 87 double
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data coded in this manner, it becam
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The similarity of the Tiryns hoard
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axes, and drills. Awls/engravers an
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functional interpretation of that a
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e-casting metal, which required hot
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524) has shaft-hole sidewalls of di
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were consciously formed and likely
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saws, ax-adzes, a broad chisel, dou
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oxhide ingot fragments and metallur
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metallurgical and agricultural tool
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Tsountas (Mycenae), Kalydon-Psoroli
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Carpentry or masonry utensils repre
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stone-working tools included sixtee
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tools. One has a wide, deformed ham
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tool kit). Diversity is a hallmark
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V. The metal objects from shipwreck
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Tool or object Uluburun (total 65+)
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occurrence is a definite sign of a
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implements in one context comes fro
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Foundry and Sinda hoards, but other
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tool distribution patterns in hoard
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only sporadically in burials and wo
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combination adze forms (double adze
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produced a monograph specifically o
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are currently in progress and will
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thriving metallurgical and craft in
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of Middle Cypriot tools, however, i
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number of utilitarian and small cra
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extremely limited in comparison to
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metallurgical operations are plenti
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absent. 758 The Linear B tablets at
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The Cypriot copper industry reached
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implements comprise 45% of the regi
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the preferences commonly found with
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possible that merchants, metal smit
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Syria-Palestine is not accidental,
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specifically adze variations (e.g.
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likelihood, these implements were u
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Two elongated chisels from Mycenae
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cutting edges wider than the object
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are collectively known from Crete a
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The distribution of shaft-hole axes
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this form are unknown in the Aegean
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artisans trained in a Minoan style?
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transfer of painted plaster moved f
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producing and consuming metal tools
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the Argolid acquired specialized Hi
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traveled from region to region prac
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A complete study of metal tools req
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Dissertation Bibliography Agouridis
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BC, edited by A. B. Knapp. Altamont
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Austin: Université de Liège; Univ
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Calder, W. M., and D. A. Traill, ed
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Cline, E., and A. Yasur-Landau. 200
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des maisons et quartiers d'habitati
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Ellis, R. S. 1968. Foundation Depos
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Gale, N. H., and Z. A. Stos-Gale. 1
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Laffineur and P. P. Betancourt. Li
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Homerica, edited by H.-G. Buchholz
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Marinatos. Stockholm: Svenska Insti
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———. 2004. Wheat, Barley, Flo
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London, G. A. 2002. Women Potters a
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33: 61-87. Moran, W. L., ed. 1992.
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Nebelsick, L. 2000. Rent Asunder: R
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Oldest Capital City of the Hittites
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Poursat, J.-C. 1978. Travaux de L'
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Ruscillo, D. 2006. Catalogue of Mis
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———. 2006a. Catalogue of Misc
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Stewart, J. 1961. The Early Bronze
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Metallurgy in the Bronze Age. Proce
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Walberg, G. 1998. Excavations on th
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Seventh International Symposium at
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Volume 2 APPENDIX 1: Figures (diagr
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Total quantity 2000 1500 1000 500 0
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Carpentry/ masonry 2253 (42.4%) Fig
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Figure 3.5b - Agricultural tools: q
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Figure 3.9d - Cyprus LBA quantities
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Medium, 67 Figure 3.11 - Distributi
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Billet = 1 Mold = 1 Wedge, socketed
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Percentage 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
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Quantity Quantity 1400 1200 1000 80
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2 nd mill. (n=17) Spatula/scraper =
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General 2 nd millennium (n=20) Knif
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Total quantity 400 300 200 100 0 17
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Figure 3.26b: Carpentry/Masonry too
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Single/flat ax (n=370) 185 (40.7%)
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General 2 nd millennium (n=21) Sing
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General 2 nd millennium (n=89) Shaf
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Figure 4.1: Shaft-hole axes: region
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Figure 4.2: Doubles axes: regional
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Cutting edge width (cm) 12 10 8 6 4
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Tool series N Mean of ratio Standar
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Figure 4.7: Single/flat axes: regio
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Cutting edge width (cm) 8 7 6 5 4 3
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Figure 4.10: Chisels: Scatter plots
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Cutting edge width (cm) 7 6 5 4 3 2
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Chisels by size Number Ratio Mean S
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Cutting edge width (cm) 3 2.5 2 1.5
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Figure 4.17: Ax-adzes: regions meas
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Figure 4.19: Hollow cylindrical met
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Figure 4.20 continued: Saw measurem
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G,1 (30) F3, (2) F2, (2) E2, (2) E1
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F3, (7) F2, (9) F1, (11) G1, (37) E
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F2, (2) F3, (1) G1, (4) E1, (27) E2
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1-5 6-15 16-30 31-50 51-100 100 + S
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Figure 5.1: Tool frequencies and di
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Figure 5.2 continued - Hoards from
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Figure 5.3 continued - Hoards from
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Hoards: 1 - 13 are from Crete 1: Sa
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40 51 19 38 34 45 48 33 36 46 28 29
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Proximity Matrix for the tool types
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Narrow chisel Flat/single ax Shaft-
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Plate 4.3: Shaft-hole ax from Cypru
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Plate 4.9: Andronianoi (Euboea) dou
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Plate 4.15 Single/flat ax from Kata
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Plate 4.22: Chisel of size 3; Enkom
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Plate 4.33: Double adze: from the G
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Plate 4.39: Trésor de Bronzes adze
Page 527 and 528:
Plate 4.47: Saw type 3: Boğazköy-
Page 529 and 530:
Plate 5.1: Katamachi hoard - Ioanni
Page 531 and 532:
Plate 5.7: MX 541 - Double or singl
Page 533 and 534:
Plate 5.13: Chisel fragment; MX 519
Page 535 and 536:
Tsountas hoard, double axes 9 doubl
Page 537 and 538:
Plate 5.23: Double ax fragment-Anth
Page 539 and 540:
Plate 5.27: Enkomi Gunnis Hoard - (
Page 541 and 542:
L: hammer-adze R: double adze fragm
Page 543 and 544:
Appendix 3: Second Millennium BC Me
Page 545 and 546:
Carpentry/masonry tools 1 total: 1
Page 547 and 548:
Tool count and frequency 4 (14.3%)
Page 549 and 550:
Other objects 2 awls, 1 large scrap
Page 551 and 552:
Tool count and frequency 4 (44.4%)
Page 553 and 554:
15 th -14 th century: LH II - IIIA1
Page 555 and 556:
Other objects 1 bronze weight with
Page 557 and 558:
Likelihood of hoard Definite 46. Gr
Page 559 and 560:
Nicosia, Cyprus Museum (inv. Enkomi
Page 561 and 562:
Bibliography Taylor 1957, 20, 86-90
Page 563 and 564:
(…/1520.12,13,14,15); 18 castings
Page 565 and 566:
cauldron fragments), 1 ingot fragme
Page 567 and 568:
Other objects 45 sickles, 3 swords,
Page 569 and 570:
Context and date of 46.3, 47.1-4 Pi
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Sites & Object types Specific date
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Sites & Object types Specific objec
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Sites & Object types Lefkas: genera
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Sites & Object types Specific perio
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Page 629 and 630: Sites & Object types Specific objec
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Middle and Late Bronze Age Metal Tools from the Aegean, Eastern ...

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