Middle and Late Bronze Age Metal Tools from the Aegean, Eastern ...

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Sites & Object types Specific object date Tool type category Context L W Bibliography Ax, single/flat 2nd half of 3rd and start of 2nd Carpentry/masonry millennium Settlement Deshayes 484, SS, p. 255-265, #6726, 6761 Borer Troy II-V Small crafts Settlement Branigan 1974, 171, entry 972, SS 6233 Borer Troy II-V Small crafts Settlement Branigan 1974, 171 entry 973, SS 6234 Borer Troy II-V Small crafts Settlement Branigan 1974, 171 entry 984-6, SS 6344-7 Borer Troy II-V Small crafts Settlement Branigan 1974, 171 entry 987-992, SS 6358-63 Borer Troy II-V Small crafts Settlement Branigan 1974, 171 entry 993-7; SS 6235-9 Borer Troy II-V Small crafts Settlement Branigan 1974, 171 entry 998-1004, SS 6293a Chisel Troy II-V Carpentry/masonry Settlement 37.5 ce = 2.7 Müller-Karpe 1994, 233, pl 69.1; Schmidt 1902, 251, #6230 Chisel Troy II-V Carpentry/masonry Settlement 23.5 ce = 1 Müller-Karpe 1994, 233 pl 69.2; Schmidt 1902, 251, #6229; Gotze 1902, 348, fig 271b Chisel Troy II-V Carpentry/masonry Settlement 10.3 ce = 1 Müller-Karpe 1994, 240 pl 72.24; Schmidt 1902, 251, #6220 Chisel Troy II-V Carpentry/masonry Settlement 14.5 ce = 0.5 Müller-Karpe 1994, 229 pl 65.17; Kat. Berlin/Sofia 1981, 76 Chisel Troy II-V; 2nd half of 3rd - start Carpentry/masonry of 2nd millennium BC Settlement 10 ce = 0.6 Deshayes 915, SS, p. 251, #6220; Troja und Ilion, p. 348, fig 271c Chisel Troy II-V Carpentry/masonry Settlement Deshayes 849; SS, p. 251, #6221 and 6230 Chisel Troy Vc; 1st quarter of 2nd millennium Carpentry/masonry BC Settlement Deshayes 681; Troy II, p. 277, fig 234, #35489 Chisel Troy Vc Carpentry/masonry Settlement Branigan 1974, 168, entry 714, SS 6232 Chisel Troy III Carpentry/masonry Settlement Branigan 1974, 169, no. 726; Troy II, fig 47, 37.773 Chisel Troy II-V Carpentry/masonry Settlement Branigan 1974, 169 entry 733-44; SS 6220-30 Chisel Troy II-V Carpentry/masonry Settlement Branigan 1974, 169 entry 769; SS 6213 Chisel Troy II-V Carpentry/masonry Settlement Branigan 1974, 170 entry 825-6, SS 6187-8 Chisel Troy II-V Carpentry/masonry Settlement Branigan 1974 170 entry 827-9, SS 6182-4 Chisel Troy II-V Carpentry/masonry Settlement Branigan 1974, 170 entry 830-5, SS 6214-9 Chisel Troy II-V Carpentry/masonry Settlement Branigan 1974, 170 entry 836-45, SS 6170-9 Chisel Troy II-V Carpentry/masonry Settlement Branigan 1974, 170 entry 846-859; SS 6231a-o Chisel Troy II-V Carpentry/masonry Settlement Branigan 1974, 170 entry 894-5; SS 6180-I Gouge 2nd half of 3rd millennium to the Carpentry/masonry start of the 2nd millennium; Settlement Troy II-V 20.5 ce = 2.1 Deshayes 1030, SS, p. 251 #6232, Troja und Ilion, p. 348 fig 271a Knife Middle of 2nd millennium; Troy Utilitarian VI Settlement Deshayes 2492, Troy III, p. 193, fig 297, #38.97 Knife 2nd half of 3rd to the start of the Utilitarian 2nd millennium, Troy II-VSettlement 15 .0 cm 2.1 cm Deshayes 2369, SS, p. 250 #6193, Branigan 1974, 167 entry 668 Knife 2nd millennium BC, Troy VI Utilitarian Settlement Deshayes 2366; Troy III, p. 201, fig 297, #35.359 Knife 1st quarter of 2nd millennium Utilitarian BC; Troy Vc Settlement Deshayes 2362; Troy II, p. 231, fig 234, #35.532 Knife 2nd half of 3rd to the start of the Utilitarian 2nd millennium; Troy II-VSettlement Deshayes 2350, SS, p. 250, #6208, Troja und Ilion, p. 347, fig 269a Knife 2nd half of 3rd to the start of the Utilitarian 2nd millennium; Troy II-VSettlement Deshayes 2351, SS, P. 250, #6210, Branigan 1974, 167, 692 Knife 2nd half of 3rd to the start of the Utilitarian 2nd millennium, Troy II-VSettlement Deshayes 2354, SS. p. 250, 6200; Branigan 1974, 167, 678 Knife 2nd half of 3rd to the start of the Utilitarian 2nd millennium, Troy II-VSettlement Deshayes 2354, SS. p. 250, 6202; Branigan 1974, 167, 680 Knife 2nd half of 3rd to the start of the Utilitarian 2nd millennium, Troy II-VSettlement Deshayes 2355, SS, p. 250, #6203; Branigan 1974, 168 entry 686 Knife 2nd half of 3rd to the start of the Utilitarian 2nd millennium, Troy II-VSettlement Deshayes 2355, SS, p. 250, #6204; Branigan 1974, 168 entry 685 Knife 2nd half of 3rd to the start of the Utilitarian 2nd millennium, Troy II-VSettlement Deshayes 2355, SS, p. 250, #6205; Branigan 1974, 168 entry 687 Knife 2nd half of 3rd to the start of the Utilitarian 2nd millennium, Troy II-VSettlement Deshayes 2355, SS, p. 250; Branigan 1974, 168 entry 688 Knife 2nd half of 3rd to the start of the Utilitarian 2nd millennium; Troy II-VSettlement Deshayes 2358, SS, p. 250, #6194; Branigan 1974, 167, entry 674 Knife 2nd half of 3rd to the start of the Utilitarian 2nd millennium; Troy II-VSettlement Deshayes 2358, SS, p. 250, #6195; Branigan 1974, 167, entry 682 Knife 2nd half of 3rd to the start of the Utilitarian 2nd millennium; Troy II-VSettlement Deshayes 2358, SS, p. 250, #6196; Branigan 1974, 167, entry 675 Knife 2nd half of 3rd to the start of the Utilitarian 2nd millennium; Troy II-VSettlement Branigan 1974, 167 entry 665, SS. 6190 Knife 2nd half of 3rd to the start of the Utilitarian 2nd millennium, Troy II-VSettlement Branigan 1974, 167 entry 666, SS. 6191 Knife 2nd half of 3rd to the start of the Utilitarian 2nd millennium; Troy II-VSettlement Branigan 1974, 167 entry 667, SS. 6192 Knife 2nd half of 3rd to the start of the Utilitarian 2nd millennium; Troy II-VSettlement Branigan 1974, 167 entry 669, SS. 6189 Knife 2nd half of 3rd to the start of the Utilitarian 2nd millennium, Troy II-VSettlement Branigan 1974, 167 entry 676, SS. 6198 Knife 2nd half of 3rd to the start of the Utilitarian 2nd millennium; Troy II-VSettlement Branigan 1974, 167 entry 677, SS. 6199 Knife 2nd half of 3rd to the start of the Utilitarian 2nd millennium; Troy II-VSettlement Branigan 1974, 168 entry 681; FWM GR 14, 1927 Knife 2nd half of 3rd to the start of the Utilitarian 2nd millennium, Troy II-VSettlement Branigan 1974, 168 entry 687, SS 6205 Knife 2nd half of 3rd to the start of the Utilitarian 2nd millennium; Troy II-VSettlement Branigan 1974, 167, entry 693; SS 6211 ANATOLIA TOOLS 652
Sites & Object types Specific object date Tool type category Context L W Bibliography Knife 2nd half of 3rd to the start of the Utilitarian 2nd millennium; Troy II-VSettlement Branigan 1974, 167 entry 694, SS 6212 Knife 2nd half of 3rd to the start of the Utilitarian 2nd millennium; Troy II-VSettlement Branigan 1974, 167 entry 698, SS 6207a-d Mold for bar ingots Level VI Metallurgical Settlement 13.5 14 Müller-Karpe 1994, 198 pl 16.2; Schmidt 1902, 267 #6767 Mold for double Ax Level VI Metallurgical Settlement 16.5 8.3 Müller-Karpe 1994, 211 pl 48.4; Schmidt 1902, 266, #6765; Gotze 1902, 397; Przeworski 1939, 40 pl 7.1 Mold Level VI late Metallurgical Settlement, pillar house 4 3.8 Müller-Karpe 1994, 219 pl 57.5; Blegen 1953, 230 pl 298, #34-148 Saw with teeth 2nd half of 3rd to the start of the Carpentry/masonry second millennium BC, Troy Settlement II-V 27.5 5 Deshayes 2881; Branigan 1974, 168 entry 710; SS 6157; Dorpfeld fig 270b; Saw with teeth Troy - LBA Troy II-V Carpentry/masonry Settlement 21.1 5.5 Branigan 1974, 168 entry 712; SS. p. 228, #5849; Dorpfeld fig 270a; Ax, single/flat Carpentry/masonry Settlement Branigan 1974, 166, entry 595; Deshayes 228; CNM 3248; Awl end of 13th and start of 12th century, Small crafts level VIIB1 Settlement Deshayes 174; Troy IV, p. 199, fig 254, #37494 Ax, single/flat Level VI; 1700-1300 BC Carpentry/masonry Hoard? treasure P Deshayes 499; SS, p. 246, #6136, Troja and Ilion, 394, fig 378 Ax, single/flat 1700-1300 BC Carpentry/masonry Settlement Deshayes 469, SS, p. 256, #6452 Ax, shaft hole Troy VIIB; 12th century Carpentry/masonry Settlement 10.5 Deshayes 1793, SS. P. 267, #6768, a,b; Troja und Ilion, p. 405, fig 404 Ax-adze Troy VIIB; end of 2nd millennium Carpentry/masonry Settlement 23.5 ce =3.4 Deshayes 2293, SS. p. 257, #6481, Troja und Ilion, p. 404, fig 401 Ax-hammer Troy VIIB; end of 2nd mill Carpentry/masonry Settlement Deshayes 2108, SS, p. 257, #6479, Troja und Ilion, p. 404, fig 402 Blade, flanged 13th-12th century; Troy VII Utilitarian Settlement Deshayes 1133; Troja und Ilion, p. 405, fig 406 Chisel Troy VI Carpentry/masonry Settlement Branigan 1974, 169 entry 785, SS 6452 Chisel Troy VI Carpentry/masonry Settlement Branigan 1974, 170 entry 884; SS 6136 Chisel, socketed Troy 6 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 22 ce = 1.5 Müller-Karpe 1994, 244, pl 74.5; Blegen 1953, 352, pl 297, 38-111 Double Ax 1700-1300; Troy VI Carpentry/masonry Hoard? treasure P 18.3 ce = 6.4 Deshayes 2047, SS, p. 246, #6135; Troja und Ilion, p. 394, fig 377 Double Ax Troy VI; 1700-1300 BC Carpentry/masonry Settlement 22.5 ce = 8.4 Deshayes 2048, Ilios P. 676, #1429-30 Double Ax 1700-1300, Troy VI Carpentry/masonry Settlement Deshayes 2031; SS, p. 255, #6765, Troja und Ilion, p. 397, Blg. 46, VII Double Ax Troy VI Carpentry/masonry Settlement Branigan 1974, 165 entry 534; Ilios p 605 Double Ax Troy VI Carpentry/masonry Settlement Branigan 1974, 165 entry 533; Ilios 1430 Hammer, shafted Troy VII Metallurgical? Settlement Müller-Karpe 1994, 227, pl 64.5 Knife 3rd quarter of the 2nd millennium Utilitarian BC; end level Troy VI Settlement Deshayes 2651, Troy III, p. 352, fig 297, #36.107 Knife End 13th -12th century; Troy VIIb Utilitarian Settlement Deshayes 2574 bis; Troy IV, p. 240 fig 254, #36.398 Knife 13th century, Troy VIIa Utilitarian Settlement Deshayes 2529, SS, p. 256, #6464, Troja und Ilion p. 396, fig 384 Knife 3rd quarter of 2nd millennium, Utilitarian Troy VI-VIIa Settlement Deshayes 2492 bis; Troy IV, p. 59, fig 219, #36.400 Knife 3rd quarter of 2nd millennium; Utilitarian Troy VI end Settlement Deshayes 2478, Troy III, p. 270, fig 297, #37.780 Knife 13th century; Troy VII Utilitarian Settlement Deshayes 2350 bis; Troy IV, p. 12, fig 219, #38.95 Knife 2nd half of 3rd to the start of the Utilitarian 2nd millennium, Troy II-VSettlement Deshayes 2354, SS. p. 250, 6201; Branigan 1974, 167, 679 Mold, trunnion Level VII Metallurgical Settlement 22.4 14.5 Müller-Karpe 1994, 199 pl 19.3; Dorpfeld 1902, 405 fig 406; Przeworski 1939, 192 pl 7.5 Mold for Ax Metallurgical Settlement 13.5 6 Müller-Karpe 1994, 212 pl 49.5; Schmidt 1902, 267 #6769; Przeworski 1939, pl 7.4 Mold for ornament Level VIIa Metallurgical Settlement 8 5 Müller-Karpe 1994, 213, pl 52.1; Blegen 1958, 124, pl 220, 37-289 Mold for ornament Level VII Metallurgical Settlement 8 7.5 Müller-Karpe 1994, 214 pl 52.4; Schmidt 1902, 267 f, #6772 Vermutlich area - 2nd millennium Chisel, socketed Yazılıkaya - LBA Carpentry/masonry Unstratified or unknown 13.8 ce = 1.05 Müller-Karpe 1994, 245, pl 74.15 Ax, trunnion/lugged Hittite level; end of the 14th century Carpentry/masonry or first half of 13th century Cultic site or sanctuary 11.3 cm 4.5 cm Deshayes 1100;Boehmer 1972, 38, #27, pl.2; Erkanal 1977, 6 entry 28, pl 3.28 Chisel fragment Hittite? Carpentry/masonry Cultic site or sanctuary 3.9 ce = 1.6 Boehmer 1972, 77 entry 231, pl XIV, Müller-Karpe 1994, 241, pl 72.38; catalog #188 Yeni Hayat Koyu - 2nd millennium Chisel Carpentry/masonry Burial 16.8 cm ce =1.2 cm Müller-Karpe 1994, 232 pl 68.1 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Burial 15.95 cm ce = 1.4 cm Müller-Karpe 1994, 233 pl 69.5 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Burial 11.2 cm ce = 1.05 cm Müller-Karpe 1994, 240 pl 72.23 and pl 91,92 ANATOLIA TOOLS 653
Page 1:
Middle and Late Bronze Age Metal To
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investigation of the carpentry/maso
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Volume 1 CHAPTER 1: TABLE OF CONTEN
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Sites from the Greek islands 202 Si
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LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1: Shaft-hol
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Figure 3.12: Distribution of metall
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Figure 4.28: Map showing MBA carpen
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Plate 4.33: Double adze from Enkomi
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Plate 5.29: Orchomenos tool kit, Ch
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Several fellowships provided financ
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administrative staff at the college
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MBA 2000- 1600 LBA 1600- 1050 CHRON
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in the Aegean. 2 Small copper imple
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een easier with metal tools than st
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extremely scarce and the dearth of
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extraordinary number of metal tools
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this observation is astonishing sin
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Danube (IVe au IIe millénaire). Wh
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Mycenaean tool repertoire, yet some
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Chapter 2: Avenues for metallurgica
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cited as evidence for metallurgical
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ecycled items. Final products like
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ich published dataset, only a few s
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Quantities of raw metal were widely
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Turkey. Upon touring these sites, i
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The method for interpreting data fr
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second millennium BC. Such cases ar
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study area (from Cyprus), and its i
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are sufficiently differentiated fro
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his reconsideration of third millen
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to Catling, a violent purpose for t
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Different tool names may imply diss
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chisels. Categories 2 and 4 occur f
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detail for the carpentry/masonry to
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Isthmia region throughout the histo
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Gender responsibilities are investi
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Chapter 3: Metal tools in the secon
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double adze from the Enkomi Gunnis
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The link between a craftsperson and
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specialized and intended for specif
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III: The relationship of stone, bon
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durability. Stone cutting objects b
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information together. In the Aegean
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In addition to greater amounts of t
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y region may reflect social and cra
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database entries whose contextual c
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accurately account for the internal
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given to stockpiled tools. Thirty-f
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the larger and stronger metal types
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hoes/plowshares were preferred in b
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ather than a shipwreck. 165 Yet, li
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ideograms. 173 The Linear B ideogra
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The relative absence of Aegean digg
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goods were redistributed in two dis
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Bronze Age Mediterranean climate is
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frequency of these tools, however,
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mandated a striking implement. Wood
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patterns occur despite the fact tha
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is even more striking when compared
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quantities, actual smiths are menti
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The presence of metallurgical tools
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metal smiths moved throughout the l
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Site size and contextual analysis s
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is significant, as both regions wer
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the prominent LBA object type (53.6
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cannot always aid functional interp
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due in large part to 1) palatial li
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punches, borers, undefined implemen
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include bandages, pack-saddles, rei
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egion. The proportions of carpentry
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instruments during the course of th
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Cretan patterns (Fig. 3.31a): The r
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Despite the greater tool diversity,
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Syria-Palestine. The status of the
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distribution, as the category is qu
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differences in the consumption of t
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comparable to modern rulers and tap
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probably influenced from the east,
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Palestine and Anatolia. There are n
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4.2). 316 Similar blades are known
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part of a metal hoard that was stas
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Whether the double ax was an implem
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few select palaces (e.g. Mycenae, A
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specimens (Evely’s Type 4 lists s
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conveys how chisels, single axes, s
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functional differences. An implemen
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The tool type is common in Anatolia
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their size alone (Fig. 4.4), and th
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mortuary contexts, thus confirming
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were incorporated into double-ended
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Phornou Korifi, Myrtos, and Ayia Ph
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Size 1 (0.5 cm or less) Size 2 (0.6
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carving out deep mortises in wooden
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Mycenaean and Cypriot contexts, whi
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the socket may be that a wooden sha
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worn and battered from use; this da
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the early 12 th century: “It may
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Syria-Palestine 2 - 2 - Shipwrecks
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of shafted double hammers is also f
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in the Brunnen 212 hoard was conver
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mainland and may have aided drillin
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The tubular drill was first devised
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siderópetra (hard limestone known
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egularly considered to be absent fr
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together two sides of a handle, a f
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implement, it was employed from tim
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70 percent of the catalogue (79 out
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3. Saws with a straight blade top a
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ounded tip end with teeth (Plate 4.
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consumer. Cretan carpentry/masonry
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and Knossos, seemingly reflecting t
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Ayia Marina 1 1 chisel Gona (Macedo
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Ithaka-Polis 3 - 3 - 1 single/flat
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are reported from Ayia Irini, altho
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the island in the MBA. The distribu
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MBA site Total carpentry - masonry
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eported here. Despite this caveat,
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MBA site Total carpentry - masonry
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4.21). Minoan double axes and saws
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diameters are 5 cm and greater) mus
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(like Minoan types) as opposed to t
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Although traces of Anatolian or Ana
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common to Crete and Cyprus. The sin
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double ax forms, implies that the c
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carpentry/masonry tools contribute
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organized.” 530 My assertion rega
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type of diversity that may mark a t
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of fragmentation practices restrict
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final stage of the metal working: t
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shaped razor. 545 A similar collect
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workshops were easier to identify i
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definition of a hoard as “a group
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some hoards contained thousands of
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Discerning founders’ hoards from
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most assemblages were destined for
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often selected according to certain
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economic approach to hoarding must
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lacks contextual information or chr
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of objects from Mochlos also produc
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unrelated objects; and 3) the tradi
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as rare. Only two Cretan hoards con
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of comparison, there are 87 double
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data coded in this manner, it becam
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The similarity of the Tiryns hoard
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axes, and drills. Awls/engravers an
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functional interpretation of that a
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e-casting metal, which required hot
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524) has shaft-hole sidewalls of di
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were consciously formed and likely
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saws, ax-adzes, a broad chisel, dou
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oxhide ingot fragments and metallur
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metallurgical and agricultural tool
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Tsountas (Mycenae), Kalydon-Psoroli
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Carpentry or masonry utensils repre
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stone-working tools included sixtee
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tools. One has a wide, deformed ham
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tool kit). Diversity is a hallmark
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V. The metal objects from shipwreck
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Tool or object Uluburun (total 65+)
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occurrence is a definite sign of a
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implements in one context comes fro
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Foundry and Sinda hoards, but other
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tool distribution patterns in hoard
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only sporadically in burials and wo
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combination adze forms (double adze
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produced a monograph specifically o
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are currently in progress and will
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thriving metallurgical and craft in
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of Middle Cypriot tools, however, i
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number of utilitarian and small cra
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extremely limited in comparison to
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metallurgical operations are plenti
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absent. 758 The Linear B tablets at
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The Cypriot copper industry reached
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implements comprise 45% of the regi
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the preferences commonly found with
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possible that merchants, metal smit
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Syria-Palestine is not accidental,
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specifically adze variations (e.g.
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likelihood, these implements were u
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Two elongated chisels from Mycenae
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cutting edges wider than the object
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are collectively known from Crete a
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The distribution of shaft-hole axes
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this form are unknown in the Aegean
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artisans trained in a Minoan style?
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transfer of painted plaster moved f
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producing and consuming metal tools
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the Argolid acquired specialized Hi
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traveled from region to region prac
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A complete study of metal tools req
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Dissertation Bibliography Agouridis
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BC, edited by A. B. Knapp. Altamont
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Austin: Université de Liège; Univ
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Calder, W. M., and D. A. Traill, ed
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Cline, E., and A. Yasur-Landau. 200
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des maisons et quartiers d'habitati
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Ellis, R. S. 1968. Foundation Depos
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Gale, N. H., and Z. A. Stos-Gale. 1
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Laffineur and P. P. Betancourt. Li
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Homerica, edited by H.-G. Buchholz
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Marinatos. Stockholm: Svenska Insti
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———. 2004. Wheat, Barley, Flo
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London, G. A. 2002. Women Potters a
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33: 61-87. Moran, W. L., ed. 1992.
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Nebelsick, L. 2000. Rent Asunder: R
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Oldest Capital City of the Hittites
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Poursat, J.-C. 1978. Travaux de L'
Page 418 and 419:
Ruscillo, D. 2006. Catalogue of Mis
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———. 2006a. Catalogue of Misc
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Stewart, J. 1961. The Early Bronze
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Metallurgy in the Bronze Age. Proce
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Walberg, G. 1998. Excavations on th
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Seventh International Symposium at
Page 430 and 431:
Volume 2 APPENDIX 1: Figures (diagr
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Total quantity 2000 1500 1000 500 0
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Carpentry/ masonry 2253 (42.4%) Fig
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Figure 3.5b - Agricultural tools: q
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Figure 3.9d - Cyprus LBA quantities
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Medium, 67 Figure 3.11 - Distributi
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Billet = 1 Mold = 1 Wedge, socketed
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Percentage 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
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Quantity Quantity 1400 1200 1000 80
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2 nd mill. (n=17) Spatula/scraper =
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General 2 nd millennium (n=20) Knif
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Total quantity 400 300 200 100 0 17
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Figure 3.26b: Carpentry/Masonry too
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Single/flat ax (n=370) 185 (40.7%)
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General 2 nd millennium (n=21) Sing
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General 2 nd millennium (n=89) Shaf
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Figure 4.1: Shaft-hole axes: region
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Figure 4.2: Doubles axes: regional
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Cutting edge width (cm) 12 10 8 6 4
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Tool series N Mean of ratio Standar
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Figure 4.7: Single/flat axes: regio
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Cutting edge width (cm) 8 7 6 5 4 3
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Figure 4.10: Chisels: Scatter plots
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Cutting edge width (cm) 7 6 5 4 3 2
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Chisels by size Number Ratio Mean S
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Cutting edge width (cm) 3 2.5 2 1.5
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Figure 4.17: Ax-adzes: regions meas
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Figure 4.19: Hollow cylindrical met
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Figure 4.20 continued: Saw measurem
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G,1 (30) F3, (2) F2, (2) E2, (2) E1
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F3, (7) F2, (9) F1, (11) G1, (37) E
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F2, (2) F3, (1) G1, (4) E1, (27) E2
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1-5 6-15 16-30 31-50 51-100 100 + S
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Figure 5.1: Tool frequencies and di
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Figure 5.2 continued - Hoards from
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Figure 5.3 continued - Hoards from
Page 502 and 503:
Hoards: 1 - 13 are from Crete 1: Sa
Page 509 and 510:
40 51 19 38 34 45 48 33 36 46 28 29
Page 511 and 512:
Proximity Matrix for the tool types
Page 513 and 514:
Narrow chisel Flat/single ax Shaft-
Page 515 and 516:
Plate 4.3: Shaft-hole ax from Cypru
Page 517 and 518:
Plate 4.9: Andronianoi (Euboea) dou
Page 519 and 520:
Plate 4.15 Single/flat ax from Kata
Page 521 and 522:
Plate 4.22: Chisel of size 3; Enkom
Page 523 and 524:
Plate 4.33: Double adze: from the G
Page 525 and 526:
Plate 4.39: Trésor de Bronzes adze
Page 527 and 528:
Plate 4.47: Saw type 3: Boğazköy-
Page 529 and 530:
Plate 5.1: Katamachi hoard - Ioanni
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Plate 5.7: MX 541 - Double or singl
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Plate 5.13: Chisel fragment; MX 519
Page 535 and 536:
Tsountas hoard, double axes 9 doubl
Page 537 and 538:
Plate 5.23: Double ax fragment-Anth
Page 539 and 540:
Plate 5.27: Enkomi Gunnis Hoard - (
Page 541 and 542:
L: hammer-adze R: double adze fragm
Page 543 and 544:
Appendix 3: Second Millennium BC Me
Page 545 and 546:
Carpentry/masonry tools 1 total: 1
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Tool count and frequency 4 (14.3%)
Page 549 and 550:
Other objects 2 awls, 1 large scrap
Page 551 and 552:
Tool count and frequency 4 (44.4%)
Page 553 and 554:
15 th -14 th century: LH II - IIIA1
Page 555 and 556:
Other objects 1 bronze weight with
Page 557 and 558:
Likelihood of hoard Definite 46. Gr
Page 559 and 560:
Nicosia, Cyprus Museum (inv. Enkomi
Page 561 and 562:
Bibliography Taylor 1957, 20, 86-90
Page 563 and 564:
(…/1520.12,13,14,15); 18 castings
Page 565 and 566:
cauldron fragments), 1 ingot fragme
Page 567 and 568:
Other objects 45 sickles, 3 swords,
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Context and date of 46.3, 47.1-4 Pi
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Sites & Object types Specific date
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Sites & Object types Specific objec
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Sites & Object types Lefkas: genera
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Page 619 and 620:
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Sites & Object types Specific perio
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Sites & Object types Specific perio
Page 625 and 626: Sites & Object types Specific perio
Page 627 and 628: Sites & Object types Specific objec
Page 675: Sites & Object types Specific objec
Page 691: Sites & Object types Specific perio
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Middle and Late Bronze Age Metal Tools from the Aegean, Eastern ...

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