Middle and Late Bronze Age Metal Tools from the Aegean, Eastern ...

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Sites & Object types Specific object date Tool type category Context L W Bibliography Awl 1450-1100 BC Small crafts Settlement Deshayes 99; Goldman 1956, p. 290, fig 425, 49 Awl 1650-1450 BC Small crafts Settlement Deshayes 149, Goldman 1956, p. 290, fig 425.41 Ax, single/flat 1650-1450 BC; LB I Carpentry/masonry Hoard? cache in room D Goldman 1956, p. 282, 289 entry 24, fig 424.24; Deshayes 359, AJA XLI (1937), p. 271, fig 18, bottom and top to left Ax, single/flat 1650-1450 BC; LB I Carpentry/masonry Hoard? cache in room D Goldman 1956, 282, 289 entry 26, fig 424, 26; Deshayes 360, AJA XLI (1937), p. 271, fig 17, top middle Ax, single/flat 1650-1450 BC Carpentry/masonry Hoard? cache in room D Goldman 1956, p. 282, 289, entry 25 fig 424, 25; Deshayes 236, AJA XLI (1937), p. 271, fig. 18, top right Ax, single/flat 1650-1450 BC Carpentry/masonry Hoard? cache in room D Goldman 1956, p. 282, 289, entry 22 Ax, single/flat 1650-1450 BC Carpentry/masonry Hoard? cache in room D Goldman 1956, p. 282, 289, entry 23 Ax, trunnion/lugged 1650-1450 BC; LB I; Old Hittite Carpentry/masonry Kingdom Hoard? cache in room D 10.8 about 3.27 Deshayes 1049; Goldman 1956, 282, 289, entry 21, fig 424, 21 Ax, trunnion/lugged 1650-1450 BC, LB I; Old Hittite Carpentry/masonry Kingdom Hoard? cache in room D 16.3 about 4.5 Deshayes 1075, Goldman 1956, p. 282,289 entry 20 fig 424.20 Chisel LBI Carpentry/masonry Hoard? cache in room D 18.5 about 0.8 Müller-Karpe 1994, 230, pl 66.2, Goldman 1956, 290 #64, pl 426.64; Deshayes 682 Chisel LB II Carpentry/masonry Settlement 8.2 0.8 Goldman 1956, 291, #73, pl 426.73; Müller-Karpe 1994, 231, pl 67.15 Chisel LBI Carpentry/masonry Settlement, room C 9.9 about 0.4 Goldman 1956, 290, #65, pl 426.65, Müller-Karpe 1994, 236, pl 71.8; Deshayes 860; Chisel LB II Carpentry/masonry Settlement, section B 2.4 about 0.8 Goldman 1956, 291, #72, pl 426.72, Müller-Karpe 1994, pl 73.9; Deshayes 793 Chisel 1650-1450 BC; LB I Carpentry/masonry Settlement, section A 4.2 ce =about 1.25 Deshayes 295; Goldman 1956, 290, nr. 66, pl 426.66; Müller-Karpe 1994, 242, pl 73.13 Chisel with flaring edge 1450-1100 BC; LB II Carpentry/masonry Settlement 9.4 about 2.1 Deshayes 1154; Goldman 1956, 291, #70, pl 426.70; Müller-Karpe 1994, 242, pl 73.1 Chisel LB IIb Carpentry/masonry Settlement, section A 2.3 1.1 Goldman 1956, 291 entry 71 Chisel, socketed LBII Carpentry/masonry Settlement, section A 22.1 about 1.7 Goldman 1956, 291, #69, 26.41, pl 426.69; Müller-Karpe 1994, 244 pl 74.6 Chisel, socketed LBI Carpentry/masonry Hoard? cache in room D 13.2 about 1 Goldman 1956, 290 #63, fig 426.63; Esin 1969, 61, 133, 170, #17996 type 26c; Müller-Karpe 1994, 245 pl 74.16 Cutting implement 1450-1100; LBII -temple Utilitarian Cultic site or sanctuary 8.7 Deshayes 2923; Goldman 1956, p. 282, 289 entry 17 fig 423, 17 Double Ax LB I Carpentry/masonry Hoard? cache in room D 21.1 cm ce = 3.3 Deshayes 2079; Goldman 1956, p. 282, 289 entry 27, fig 425.27; Erkanal 1977 21, entry 67, pate 6.67 (#36.656b) Double scraper or spatula 12th century BC or LBII Utilitarian Settlement Deshayes 2955; Goldman 1956, p. 290-291, fig 426, nos. 67 Double scraper or spatula 12th century BC or LBII Utilitarian Settlement 7.4 Deshayes 2955; Goldman 1956, p. 291,entry 68 Implement? 1650-1100 BC Utilitarian Settlement Deshayes 1177; Goldman 1956, p. 290-91, fig 426, 63 and 69 Knife LBII; 1450-1100 BC Utilitarian Settlement Deshayes 2600, Goldman 1956, p. 281, fig 423.10; Knife 1450-1100 BC Utilitarian Settlement Deshayes 2411; Goldman 1956, p. 281, fig 423.9 Knife 1450-1100 BC Utilitarian Settlement Deshayes 2412, Goldman 1956, p. 281, fig 423.11 Knife 1450-1100 BC Utilitarian Settlement Deshayes 2399; Goldman 1956, p. 281, fig 423.5 and 7 Mold LBI-II Metallurgical Settlement Goldman 1956, 306 entry 7, fig 436.7; Müller-Karpe 1994, 200 pl 22.2 Mold LBI-II Metallurgical Settlement, section A 19.5 8.2 Goldman 1956, 306 entry 8 Mold for ornament LBA II Metallurgical Settlement, section A 4.7 5.1 Goldman 1956, 306, pl 436.11; Müller-Karpe 1994, 213 pl 51.4 Mold for ring object LBA II Metallurgical Settlement 7.5 6.3 Goldman 1956, 306 pl 436.9; Müller-Karpe 1994, 215 pl 53.4 Mold for ornament LBA II Metallurgical Settlement 5.6 4.4 Goldman 1956, 306 pl 436, 10; Müller-Karpe 1994, 216 pl 54.5 Sickle Tarsus - 2nd millennium 1450-1225 BC, LBIIA Agricultural Settlement, east house 26.5 3 Deshayes 2734, Goldman 1956, p. 281-282, 288 entry 15fig 423.15; AJA XLI (1937), p. 284, fig 44; Awl 2400-1200 BC and 1450-1100 BC Small crafts Settlement Deshayes 173; Goldman 1956, p. 290, fig 425 #38 and 47 Double Ax Carpentry/masonry Settlement Deshayes 2080 Tasova area (Amasya) - 2nd millennium Chisel Tell Achana or Alalakh - MBA Carpentry/masonry Unstratified or unknown 8.85 1.7 Müller-Karpe 1994, 232 pl 67.24 Ax, single/flat level XVI or around 2000 BC Carpentry/masonry Settlement ? Deshayes 564, Alalakh, p. 407, fig. 80b Ax, single/flat level XIV; start of 2nd millennium Carpentry/masonry Settlement Deshayes 396 Hammer? level 5 Metallurgical Settlement Müller-Karpe 1994, 226, pl 63.18 Mold for shaft hole Ax level XIV; temple Metallurgical Cultic site or sanctuary 3.3 2.35 Müller-Karpe 1994, 218 pl 56.3; Woolley 1955, 272 fig 73, AT/49/11 Tell Achana or Alalakh - LBA Adze, shaft hole Level II; 13th century BC Carpentry/masonry Settlement about 13 Deshayes 1909, Alalakh, p. 279, pl. LXXII Adze, shaft hole level V; 16th to the start of the Carpentry/masonry 15th century BC or agricultural Settlement Deshayes 1892 Awl 13th century; level 2 Small crafts Settlement Deshayes 110; Alalakh, p. 279, pl. LXXIII, Awl 16th-13th century; found in level Small V - crafts I Settlement Deshayes 128; Alalakh, p. 283, pl. LXXIII.2 Ax, single/flat 15th-13th century; level IV to ICarpentry/masonry Settlement Deshayes 267; Alalakh, p. 279, p. LXXIII, ch. 1 ANATOLIA TOOLS 650
Sites & Object types Specific object date Tool type category Context L W Bibliography Ax, single/flat level II; 13th century Carpentry/masonry Settlement Deshayes 268; Alalakh, p. 279, pl. LXXIII, c2 Ax, single/flat 16th to the start of the 15th century; Carpentry/masonry level V Settlement 15 ce = 6.5 Deshayes 1519; Alalakh, p. 279, pl. LXXII Chisel 13th century; level II Carpentry/masonry Settlement Deshayes 966; Alalakh, p. 279, pl. LXXIIIc3 Chisel-like implement Carpentry/masonry Settlement 3.8 ce = 1.05 Müller-Karpe 1994, 225, ta. 63.2; Woolley 1955, 284, pl 78 Chisel level 2 (13th century BC?) Carpentry/masonry Settlement 12 ce = 0.8 Müller-Karpe 1994, 230, pl 66.5; Woolley 1955, 283, type chisel 6, #37/89, pl 73 Chisel fragment level II (13th century?) Carpentry/masonry Settlement 3.6 ce = 1.15 Müller-Karpe 1994, 241, pl 72.36; Woolley 1955, 283, type ch. 8, number 38/16 Chisel level 2 (13th century?) Carpentry/masonry Settlement 3.6 ce = 1.2 Müller-Karpe 1994, 242, pl 73.8 Chisel level 2 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 5.9 ce = 0.98 Müller-Karpe 1994, 243, pl 73.18; Woolley 1955, 283 Chisel Level III Carpentry/masonry Settlement 9.6 ce = 1.6 Müller-Karpe 1994, 243 pl 73.27 Chisel 17th-13th century Carpentry/masonry Settlement Deshayes 861; Alalakh, p. 379, pl. LXXIII, ch. 6 Chisel Level III Carpentry/masonry Settlement 6.8 ce = 1.9 Müller-Karpe 1994, 241, pl 72.32 Chisel, socketed Carpentry/masonry Settlement ? Müller-Karpe 1994, 245 pl 74.10; Woolley 1955, 283, nr. 37/109, pl 73, ch. 5, AT 109 Chisel, socketed Level III Carpentry/masonry Settlement 5.25 ce = 0.9 Müller-Karpe 1994, 245, pl 75.4; Woolley 1955, 283, nr. 37/53 Cutting implement level II; 13th century Utilitarian Settlement Deshayes 2954; Alalakh, p. 279, pl. LXXIII, ch. 4 Knife end of 13th - start of 12th century; Utilitarian level I Settlement Deshayes 2575; Alalakh, p. 279, pl. LXXII, Kn. 10 Knife end 13th through start of 12th Utilitarian century; level I Settlement Deshayes 2563; Alalakh, p. 279, pl. LXXII, Kn 11 Knife 15th-13th century BC; level IV-II Utilitarian Settlement Deshayes 2413; Alalakh, p. 279, pl. LXXII, Kn 8 Knife Level III-II; 14th-13th century Utilitarian Settlement Deshayes 2414; Alalakh, p. 279, pl. LXXII, Kn 7 Knife Level IV Utilitarian Settlement Müller-Karpe 1994, 145, fig 98 Mold for ornament Level IV Metallurgical Workshop, room C8 Müller-Karpe 1994, 214 pl 52.2; Woolley 1955, 272 f, fig 73 Mold for ornament Level IV Metallurgical Workshop, room C8 9.4 7.25 Müller-Karpe 1994, 214 pl 52.3; Woolley 1955, 272 f, fig 73 Mold for ornament Level IV Metallurgical Workshop, room C8 6.45 4.25 Müller-Karpe 1994, 215 pl 53.5; Woolley 1955, 272 f, fig 3, AT/ 47 / 139 Mold for ornament Level IV Metallurgical Workshop, room C8 8 7.9 Müller-Karpe 1994, 217 pl 55.5; Woolley 1955, 272 Adze, shaft hole Carpentry/masonry Settlement Deshayes 1910 Tell Achana or Alalakh - 2nd millennium Awl Small crafts Settlement Deshayes 136; Alalakh, p. 283, pl. LXXIII Chisel, cold Carpentry/masonry Settlement 10.7 ce = 2.6 Müller-Karpe 1994, 228, pl 64.12 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 7.45 ce = 1.15 Müller-Karpe 1994, 228, pl 65.6 Chisel Level V Carpentry/masonry Settlement 9 ce =0.67 Müller-Karpe 1994, 236, pl 71.1; Woolley 1955, 180 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement Müller-Karpe 1994, 236, pl 71.2; Woolley 1955, pl 73 Hammer-like tool Metallurgical? Settlement Müller-Karpe 1994, 225, pl 63.16; Woolley 1955, 284 Knife Utilitarian Settlement Deshayes 2589 Tell al-Judaidah (Cudeyde) - 2nd millennium Chisel Tell al-Judaidah phase F Carpentry/masonry Settlement 13 ce = 1.5 Müller-Karpe 1994, 230 pl 66.12; Braidwood and Braidwood 1960, 245ff, fig 185.6, pl 52.1 Chisel, fragment phase H Carpentry/masonry Settlement 2.4 ce = 0.8 Müller-Karpe 1994, 242, pl 72.44; Braidwood and Braidwood 1960, 373, 379 fig 292, f; Chisel phase h Carpentry/masonry Settlement 6.9 ce = 0.2 Müller-Karpe 1994, 239 pl 72.3; Braidwood and Braidwood 1960, 377, 379, fig 292.2 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 6.6 ce = 0.3 Müller-Karpe 1994, 239 pl 72.4; Braidwood and Braidwood 1960, 373, 379, fig 292.1 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 4.82 ce = 0.2 Müller-Karpe 1994, 239 pl 72.6; Braidwood and Braidwood 1960, 245 fig. 185.3; pl 52.5 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 4.55 ce = 0.35 Müller-Karpe 1994, 239 pl 72.7; Braidwood and Braidwood 1960, 373, 379, fig 292.3, pl 72.7 Chisel phase G Carpentry/masonry Settlement 3.8 ce = 0.3 Müller-Karpe 1994, 240, pl 72.10; Braidwood and Braidwood 1960, 298, 313, 344, fig 239 Chisel Tepecik - MBA Carpentry/masonry Settlement 4.15 ce = 0.25 Müller-Karpe 1994, 240, pl 72.11; Braidwood and Braidwood 1960, 298f, fig 239.4 Mold for ornament Level 3a Metallurgical Settlement 3.7 3.5 Müller-Karpe 1994, 220 pl 58.6; Esin 1972, 143 pl 110, T. 70-487 Tokat area - 2nd millennium Chisel Troy - MBA Carpentry/masonry Unstratified or unknown 37.5 ce = 2.6 Müller-Karpe 1994, 230 pl 66.1 Awl 2nd quarter of 2nd millennium Small BC; level crafts VI Settlement Deshayes 49, Troy III, p. 145, fig 297, #38.96 Ax, single/flat Level II-V; 2nd half of 3rd to the Carpentry/masonry start of the 2nd millenniumSettlement Deshayes 505, SS, p. 227, #5835, p. 241, #6046, p. 249, #6180-81; Atlas, pl. 193, #3495e Ax, single/flat 2nd half of 3rd - start of 2nd millennium Carpentry/masonry BC Settlement Deshayes 468; ss, p. 249, #6170 and 6179 ANATOLIA TOOLS 651
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Middle and Late Bronze Age Metal To
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investigation of the carpentry/maso
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Volume 1 CHAPTER 1: TABLE OF CONTEN
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Sites from the Greek islands 202 Si
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LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1: Shaft-hol
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Figure 3.12: Distribution of metall
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Figure 4.28: Map showing MBA carpen
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Plate 4.33: Double adze from Enkomi
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Plate 5.29: Orchomenos tool kit, Ch
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Several fellowships provided financ
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administrative staff at the college
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MBA 2000- 1600 LBA 1600- 1050 CHRON
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in the Aegean. 2 Small copper imple
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een easier with metal tools than st
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extremely scarce and the dearth of
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extraordinary number of metal tools
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this observation is astonishing sin
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Danube (IVe au IIe millénaire). Wh
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Mycenaean tool repertoire, yet some
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Chapter 2: Avenues for metallurgica
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cited as evidence for metallurgical
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ecycled items. Final products like
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ich published dataset, only a few s
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Quantities of raw metal were widely
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Turkey. Upon touring these sites, i
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The method for interpreting data fr
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second millennium BC. Such cases ar
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study area (from Cyprus), and its i
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are sufficiently differentiated fro
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his reconsideration of third millen
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to Catling, a violent purpose for t
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Different tool names may imply diss
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chisels. Categories 2 and 4 occur f
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detail for the carpentry/masonry to
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Isthmia region throughout the histo
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Gender responsibilities are investi
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Chapter 3: Metal tools in the secon
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double adze from the Enkomi Gunnis
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The link between a craftsperson and
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specialized and intended for specif
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III: The relationship of stone, bon
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durability. Stone cutting objects b
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information together. In the Aegean
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In addition to greater amounts of t
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y region may reflect social and cra
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database entries whose contextual c
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accurately account for the internal
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given to stockpiled tools. Thirty-f
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the larger and stronger metal types
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hoes/plowshares were preferred in b
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ather than a shipwreck. 165 Yet, li
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ideograms. 173 The Linear B ideogra
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The relative absence of Aegean digg
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goods were redistributed in two dis
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Bronze Age Mediterranean climate is
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frequency of these tools, however,
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mandated a striking implement. Wood
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patterns occur despite the fact tha
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is even more striking when compared
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quantities, actual smiths are menti
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The presence of metallurgical tools
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metal smiths moved throughout the l
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Site size and contextual analysis s
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is significant, as both regions wer
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the prominent LBA object type (53.6
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cannot always aid functional interp
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due in large part to 1) palatial li
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punches, borers, undefined implemen
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include bandages, pack-saddles, rei
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egion. The proportions of carpentry
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instruments during the course of th
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Cretan patterns (Fig. 3.31a): The r
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Despite the greater tool diversity,
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Syria-Palestine. The status of the
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distribution, as the category is qu
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differences in the consumption of t
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comparable to modern rulers and tap
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probably influenced from the east,
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Palestine and Anatolia. There are n
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4.2). 316 Similar blades are known
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part of a metal hoard that was stas
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Whether the double ax was an implem
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few select palaces (e.g. Mycenae, A
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specimens (Evely’s Type 4 lists s
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conveys how chisels, single axes, s
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functional differences. An implemen
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The tool type is common in Anatolia
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their size alone (Fig. 4.4), and th
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mortuary contexts, thus confirming
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were incorporated into double-ended
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Phornou Korifi, Myrtos, and Ayia Ph
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Size 1 (0.5 cm or less) Size 2 (0.6
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carving out deep mortises in wooden
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Mycenaean and Cypriot contexts, whi
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the socket may be that a wooden sha
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worn and battered from use; this da
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the early 12 th century: “It may
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Syria-Palestine 2 - 2 - Shipwrecks
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of shafted double hammers is also f
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in the Brunnen 212 hoard was conver
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mainland and may have aided drillin
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The tubular drill was first devised
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siderópetra (hard limestone known
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egularly considered to be absent fr
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together two sides of a handle, a f
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implement, it was employed from tim
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70 percent of the catalogue (79 out
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3. Saws with a straight blade top a
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ounded tip end with teeth (Plate 4.
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consumer. Cretan carpentry/masonry
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and Knossos, seemingly reflecting t
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Ayia Marina 1 1 chisel Gona (Macedo
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Ithaka-Polis 3 - 3 - 1 single/flat
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are reported from Ayia Irini, altho
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the island in the MBA. The distribu
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MBA site Total carpentry - masonry
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eported here. Despite this caveat,
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MBA site Total carpentry - masonry
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4.21). Minoan double axes and saws
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diameters are 5 cm and greater) mus
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(like Minoan types) as opposed to t
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Although traces of Anatolian or Ana
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common to Crete and Cyprus. The sin
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double ax forms, implies that the c
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carpentry/masonry tools contribute
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organized.” 530 My assertion rega
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type of diversity that may mark a t
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of fragmentation practices restrict
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final stage of the metal working: t
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shaped razor. 545 A similar collect
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workshops were easier to identify i
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definition of a hoard as “a group
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some hoards contained thousands of
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Discerning founders’ hoards from
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most assemblages were destined for
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often selected according to certain
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economic approach to hoarding must
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lacks contextual information or chr
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of objects from Mochlos also produc
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unrelated objects; and 3) the tradi
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as rare. Only two Cretan hoards con
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of comparison, there are 87 double
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data coded in this manner, it becam
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The similarity of the Tiryns hoard
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axes, and drills. Awls/engravers an
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functional interpretation of that a
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e-casting metal, which required hot
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524) has shaft-hole sidewalls of di
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were consciously formed and likely
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saws, ax-adzes, a broad chisel, dou
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oxhide ingot fragments and metallur
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metallurgical and agricultural tool
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Tsountas (Mycenae), Kalydon-Psoroli
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Carpentry or masonry utensils repre
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stone-working tools included sixtee
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tools. One has a wide, deformed ham
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tool kit). Diversity is a hallmark
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V. The metal objects from shipwreck
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Tool or object Uluburun (total 65+)
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occurrence is a definite sign of a
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implements in one context comes fro
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Foundry and Sinda hoards, but other
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tool distribution patterns in hoard
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only sporadically in burials and wo
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combination adze forms (double adze
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produced a monograph specifically o
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are currently in progress and will
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thriving metallurgical and craft in
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of Middle Cypriot tools, however, i
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number of utilitarian and small cra
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extremely limited in comparison to
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metallurgical operations are plenti
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absent. 758 The Linear B tablets at
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The Cypriot copper industry reached
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implements comprise 45% of the regi
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the preferences commonly found with
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possible that merchants, metal smit
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Syria-Palestine is not accidental,
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specifically adze variations (e.g.
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likelihood, these implements were u
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Two elongated chisels from Mycenae
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cutting edges wider than the object
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are collectively known from Crete a
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The distribution of shaft-hole axes
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this form are unknown in the Aegean
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artisans trained in a Minoan style?
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transfer of painted plaster moved f
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producing and consuming metal tools
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the Argolid acquired specialized Hi
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traveled from region to region prac
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A complete study of metal tools req
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Dissertation Bibliography Agouridis
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BC, edited by A. B. Knapp. Altamont
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Austin: Université de Liège; Univ
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Calder, W. M., and D. A. Traill, ed
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Cline, E., and A. Yasur-Landau. 200
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des maisons et quartiers d'habitati
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Ellis, R. S. 1968. Foundation Depos
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Gale, N. H., and Z. A. Stos-Gale. 1
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Laffineur and P. P. Betancourt. Li
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Homerica, edited by H.-G. Buchholz
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Marinatos. Stockholm: Svenska Insti
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———. 2004. Wheat, Barley, Flo
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London, G. A. 2002. Women Potters a
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33: 61-87. Moran, W. L., ed. 1992.
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Nebelsick, L. 2000. Rent Asunder: R
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Oldest Capital City of the Hittites
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Poursat, J.-C. 1978. Travaux de L'
Page 418 and 419:
Ruscillo, D. 2006. Catalogue of Mis
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———. 2006a. Catalogue of Misc
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Stewart, J. 1961. The Early Bronze
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Metallurgy in the Bronze Age. Proce
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Walberg, G. 1998. Excavations on th
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Seventh International Symposium at
Page 430 and 431:
Volume 2 APPENDIX 1: Figures (diagr
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Total quantity 2000 1500 1000 500 0
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Carpentry/ masonry 2253 (42.4%) Fig
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Figure 3.5b - Agricultural tools: q
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Figure 3.9d - Cyprus LBA quantities
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Medium, 67 Figure 3.11 - Distributi
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Billet = 1 Mold = 1 Wedge, socketed
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Percentage 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
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Quantity Quantity 1400 1200 1000 80
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2 nd mill. (n=17) Spatula/scraper =
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General 2 nd millennium (n=20) Knif
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Total quantity 400 300 200 100 0 17
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Figure 3.26b: Carpentry/Masonry too
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Single/flat ax (n=370) 185 (40.7%)
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General 2 nd millennium (n=21) Sing
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General 2 nd millennium (n=89) Shaf
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Figure 4.1: Shaft-hole axes: region
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Figure 4.2: Doubles axes: regional
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Cutting edge width (cm) 12 10 8 6 4
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Tool series N Mean of ratio Standar
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Figure 4.7: Single/flat axes: regio
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Cutting edge width (cm) 8 7 6 5 4 3
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Figure 4.10: Chisels: Scatter plots
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Cutting edge width (cm) 7 6 5 4 3 2
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Chisels by size Number Ratio Mean S
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Cutting edge width (cm) 3 2.5 2 1.5
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Figure 4.17: Ax-adzes: regions meas
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Figure 4.19: Hollow cylindrical met
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Figure 4.20 continued: Saw measurem
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G,1 (30) F3, (2) F2, (2) E2, (2) E1
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F3, (7) F2, (9) F1, (11) G1, (37) E
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F2, (2) F3, (1) G1, (4) E1, (27) E2
Page 494 and 495:
1-5 6-15 16-30 31-50 51-100 100 + S
Page 496 and 497:
Figure 5.1: Tool frequencies and di
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Figure 5.2 continued - Hoards from
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Figure 5.3 continued - Hoards from
Page 502 and 503:
Hoards: 1 - 13 are from Crete 1: Sa
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40 51 19 38 34 45 48 33 36 46 28 29
Page 511 and 512:
Proximity Matrix for the tool types
Page 513 and 514:
Narrow chisel Flat/single ax Shaft-
Page 515 and 516:
Plate 4.3: Shaft-hole ax from Cypru
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Plate 4.9: Andronianoi (Euboea) dou
Page 519 and 520:
Plate 4.15 Single/flat ax from Kata
Page 521 and 522:
Plate 4.22: Chisel of size 3; Enkom
Page 523 and 524:
Plate 4.33: Double adze: from the G
Page 525 and 526:
Plate 4.39: Trésor de Bronzes adze
Page 527 and 528:
Plate 4.47: Saw type 3: Boğazköy-
Page 529 and 530:
Plate 5.1: Katamachi hoard - Ioanni
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Plate 5.7: MX 541 - Double or singl
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Plate 5.13: Chisel fragment; MX 519
Page 535 and 536:
Tsountas hoard, double axes 9 doubl
Page 537 and 538:
Plate 5.23: Double ax fragment-Anth
Page 539 and 540:
Plate 5.27: Enkomi Gunnis Hoard - (
Page 541 and 542:
L: hammer-adze R: double adze fragm
Page 543 and 544:
Appendix 3: Second Millennium BC Me
Page 545 and 546:
Carpentry/masonry tools 1 total: 1
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Tool count and frequency 4 (14.3%)
Page 549 and 550:
Other objects 2 awls, 1 large scrap
Page 551 and 552:
Tool count and frequency 4 (44.4%)
Page 553 and 554:
15 th -14 th century: LH II - IIIA1
Page 555 and 556:
Other objects 1 bronze weight with
Page 557 and 558:
Likelihood of hoard Definite 46. Gr
Page 559 and 560:
Nicosia, Cyprus Museum (inv. Enkomi
Page 561 and 562:
Bibliography Taylor 1957, 20, 86-90
Page 563 and 564:
(…/1520.12,13,14,15); 18 castings
Page 565 and 566:
cauldron fragments), 1 ingot fragme
Page 567 and 568:
Other objects 45 sickles, 3 swords,
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Context and date of 46.3, 47.1-4 Pi
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Sites & Object types Specific date
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Sites & Object types Specific objec
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Sites & Object types Lefkas: genera
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Page 619 and 620:
Page 621 and 622:
Sites & Object types Specific perio
Page 623 and 624: Sites & Object types Specific perio
Page 627 and 628: Sites & Object types Specific objec
Page 673: Sites & Object types Specific objec
Page 691: Sites & Object types Specific perio
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Middle and Late Bronze Age Metal Tools from the Aegean, Eastern ...

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