Middle and Late Bronze Age Metal Tools from the Aegean, Eastern ...

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Sites & Object types Specific object date Tool type category Context L W Bibliography Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 6.2 ce = 0.22 Müller-Karpe 1994, 237 pl 71.22; Boehmer 1979, #2623, 76/328-J/20 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 6.4 ce = 0.32 Müller-Karpe 1994, 234 pl 70.18; Boehmer 1979, #2628, 75/396 - I/20 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 3.6 ce = 0.75 Müller-Karpe 1994, 243 pl 73.22; Boehmer 1979, #2630, 71/82-J/19 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 2.35 ce = 0.31 Müller-Karpe 1994, 240 pl 72.19; Boehmer 1979, #2633, 75/504-I/20 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 9.15 ce= 0.95 Müller-Karpe 1994, 231, pl 67.11; Boehmer 1979, #2634, 73/304-J/19 Chisel Unterstadt level III Carpentry/masonry Settlement 5.8 ce = 0.35 Boehmer 1979, 32, pl 19; Müller-Karpe 1994, 242, pl 72.48, bo 73/318, #3407A Chisel, small Carpentry/masonry Settlement 4.5 1.1 Müller-Karpe 1994, 225, pl 63.6; Boehmer 1979, 34, pl XX, #3447, 75/285-J/19 Chisel Temple 1 Carpentry/masonry Cultic site or sanctuary 9.2 tip = 0.5 Müller-Karpe 1994, 236 pl 71.12; Boehmer 1979, #2596, 70/78-J/19 Chisel Temple 1 Carpentry/masonry Cultic site or sanctuary 5.1 tip = 0.35 Müller-Karpe 1994, 236 pl 70.42; Boehmer 1979, #2597, 70/79-J/19 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 4.1 tip = 0.15 Müller-Karpe 1994, 247 pl 76.13; Boehmer 1979 #2600, 71/103-J/20 Chisel, small, awl-like Carpentry/masonry Settlement 6 ce = 0.25 Müller-Karpe 1994, 247 pl 76.3; Boehmer 1979, #2601, 71/202 -J/20 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 0.48 ce = 0.2 Müller-Karpe 1994, 240 pl 72.21; Boehmer 1979, #2602, 71/227-J/20 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 6.2 ce = 0.35 Müller-Karpe 1994, 231 pl 67.5; Boehmer 1979, #2604, 71/375-J/20 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement, slope house 5.5 ce = 0.3 Müller-Karpe 1994, 238 pl 71.34; Boehmer 1972, 76 pl XIII, 660/t-Ust. L/18 c/9; #211 Chisel Buyukkale 4c Carpentry/masonry Settlement 13.85 ce=0.9 Müller-Karpe 1994, 244 pl 73.31; Boehmer 1972, 76, pl XIII, 215/m-BK.x/12, chisel#213 Chisel Buyukkale 4c Carpentry/masonry Settlement 12.2 tip = 0.2 Müller-Karpe 1994, 239 pl 71.48, Boehmer 1972, 76, pl XIII; 656/t-Ust. L/18 b/6; chisel #214 Chisel Unterstadt, 2c Carpentry/masonry Settlement 9.15 tip = 0.5 Müller-Karpe 1994, 237, pl 71.13; Boehmer 1972, 76 pl XIII, 479/1-Ust.J/20, chisel #215 Chisel Buyukkale 4b Carpentry/masonry Settlement 3.4 ce = 0.8 Müller-Karpe 1994, 241 pl 72.40; Boehmer 1972, 76 pl XIII, 662/t-Ust. L/18 b/6, chisel #220 Chisel Buyukkale 4b, Carpentry/masonry Settlement 10.1 ce = 0.4 Müller-Karpe 1994, 236 pl 71.7; Boehmer 1972, 76, pl XIII, 782/w-BK, chisel#223 Chisel Buyukkale 4a and 4 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 3.1 ce = 1.15 Müller-Karpe 1994, 241 pl 72.43; Boehmer 1972, 77 pl XIV, 146 m- BK. y/11, chisel #226 Chisel Buyukkale 4a and 4 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 9.5 ce = 0.55 Müller-Karpe 1994, 236 pl 71.10; Boehmer 1972, 77, pl XIV, 150/m - BK. x/11, chisel #227 Chisel Buyukkale level III Carpentry/masonry Settlement 4.48 ce = 0.49 Müller-Karpe 1994, 228 pl 65.3; Boehmer 1972, 77 pl XIV, 794/w-BK, chisel #234 Chisel Buyukkale 3 Carpentry/masonry Settlement Müller-Karpe 1994; Boehmer 1972, 77, pl XIV, 101/h - Ust. K/20, chisel #235 Chisel Buyukkale 3 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 6.2 ce = 0.31 Müller-Karpe 1994, 236 pl 70.38; Boehmer 1972, 77 pl XIV, 144/1-Ust. K/20 a/2, chisel #236 Chisel Buyukkale 3 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 5.7 ce = 0.62 Müller-Karpe 1994, 243 pl 73.20; Boehmer 1972, 77 pl XIV, 207/i-BK.t/8, chisel #237 Chisel Buyukkale 3 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 5.6 ce = 0.26 Müller-Karpe 1994, 248 pl 76.19; Boehmer 1972, 77 pl XIV, 345/q-Ust. J/20 H/4, chisel #238 Chisel Buyukkale 3 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 9.6 ce =0.4 Müller-Karpe 1994, Boehmer 1972, 77 pl XIV, 227/o-Ust J/20, chisel #241 Chisel Buyukkale 3 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 6.3 ce = 0.21 Müller-Karpe 1994, 244 pl 73.35; Boehmer 1972, 77 pl XIV, 195/3-BK.u/9; #242 Chisel Buyukkale 3 or unterstadt level Carpentry/masonry 1 Settlement 10.1 ce = 0.4 Müller-Karpe 1994, 236 pl 71.9; Boehmer 1972, 77 pl XIV, 100/h-Ust. K/20, chisel #243 Chisel Buyukkale 3 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 9.4 ce = 0.4 Müller-Karpe 1994, 237 pl 71.11; Boehmer 1972, 77 pl XIV, 69/1044 - Ust., #244A Chisel Temple 1 Carpentry/masonry Cultic site or sanctuary 6.1 ce = 1.7 Müller-Karpe 1994, 232 pl 67.26; Boehmer 1972, 77 pl XIV, 68/356-Ust., #244B Chisel Temple 1 Carpentry/masonry Cultic site or sanctuary 5.3 1.05 Müller-Karpe 1994, 226 pl 63.14; Boehmer 1972, 117, pl XLI, 68/492-Ust., #1202 Chisel-like, small Temple 1 Carpentry/masonry Cultic site or sanctuary 5.2 1.4 Müller-Karpe 1994, 225 pl 63.10; Boehmer 1972, 117, pl XLI, 69/1142-Ust. #1205A Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 14.3 ce = 0.75 Müller-Karpe 1994, 235, pl 70.23; Bittel 1937, 20, pl 13 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 20.7 ce = 0.6 Müller-Karpe 1994, 235, pl 70.24; Bittel 1937, 20, pl 13.9 Chisel Unterstadt 2 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 6.5 ce = 0.35 Müller-Karpe 1994, 240, pl 72.15; Boehmer 1979, 71/293-J/20, #2579 Chisel Unterstadt 2 Carpentry/masonry Settlement Boehmer 1979,#2581, 75/19-J/20 Chisel Unterstadt 2 Carpentry/masonry Settlement Boehmer 1979,#2585, 76/405-J/20; Müller-Karpe 1994, 82 Chisel Unterstadt 2 Carpentry/masonry Settlement Boehmer 1979, #2592, 73/279-J/20; pl XLI Chisel Unterstadt 1 Carpentry/masonry Settlement Boehmer 1979, #2593A, 77/88-K/20 Chisel Buyukkale 2a Carpentry/masonry Settlement Boehmer 1979, #2594, 70/97-J/19 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement Boehmer 1979, #2607, 73/98-J/20 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement Boehmer 1979, #2608, 73/122-J/19-20 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement Boehmer 1979, #2616, 75/171-J/10 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement Boehmer 1979, #2617, 75-287-I/20 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement Boehmer 1979, #2621, 76/32-J/20, II/3 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement Boehmer 1979, #2624, 75/546 - J/19-20 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 5.3 ce = 0.3 Müller-Karpe 1994, 237, pl 71.21; Boehmer 1979, #2624A, 75/55-K/20 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement Boehmer 1979, #2625, 71/86-J/19 ANATOLIA TOOLS 636
Sites & Object types Specific object date Tool type category Context L W Bibliography Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement Boehmer 1979, #2626, 71/133-J/20 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement Boehmer 1979, #2627, 71/297-J/20 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement Boehmer 1979, #2629, 71/80-I/19 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement Boehmer 1979, #2631, 73/46-J/19 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement Boehmer 1979, #2632, 75/109-I/20 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement Boehmer 1979, #2635, 70/161-J/19 Chisel Unterstadt 1 Carpentry/masonry Settlement Boehmer 1979, 32 pl XX, #3418, 76/335-J/20 Chisel, small Carpentry/masonry Settlement Boehmer 1979, 34 pl XX, 70/129-J/19, #3446 Chisel, small Carpentry/masonry Settlement Boehmer 1979, 34 pl XX, #3448, 73/10-J/20 Chisel, iron Carpentry/masonry Settlement Boehmer 1979, 35, pl XXII, #3473, 73/15-K/20 Chisel, iron Carpentry/masonry Settlement Boehmer 1979, 35 pl XXI, #3474, 76/220-J/20 Chisel Buyukkale 4d Carpentry/masonry Settlement Boehmer 1972, 76, pl XIII, #212, 431/v-BK.y/16 Chisel Buyukkale 4b Carpentry/masonry Settlement Boehmer 1972, 76, pl XIII, #219, 208/a - BK. w/8 Chisel Buyukkale 4b Carpentry/masonry Settlement Boehmer 1972, 76 pl XIII, 272/h/2-Ust. K/20 Chisel Buyukkale 4b Carpentry/masonry Settlement 6.25 ce = 0.32 Boehmer 1972, 76 pl XIII; Müller-Karpe 1994, 237 pl 71.17, #222, 147/1-Ust.K/20 b2 Chisel Buyukkale 4b Carpentry/masonry Settlement 15.35 ce = 1.1 Boehmer 1972, 76, pl XIII, #224, 40/a-BK.u/7; Müller-Karpe 1994, 245 pl 74.13 Chisel Buyukkale 4b Carpentry/masonry Settlement 12.6 ce = 0.5 Boehmer 1972, 76, pl XIII, #225, 24/a-BK.t/7; Müller-Karpe 1994, 246, pl 75.15 Chisel Buyukkale 4a and 4 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 7.05 ce = 0.35 Müller-Karpe 1994, 235, pl 70.36, Boehmer 1972, 77, pl XIV, #228, 788/w-BK Chisel Buyukkale 3 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 3.55 ce = 0.85 Boehmer 1972, 77, pl XIV, #229, 259a-BK.v/7; Müller-Karpe 1994 242, pl 72.46 Chisel Unterstadt level 1 or 2 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 3.5 ce = 1.05 Boehmer 1972, 77, pl XIV, #230, 230/o-Ust. J/20; Müller-Karpe 1994, 228, pl 65.1 Chisel Buyukkale 3 Carpentry/masonry Settlement Boehmer 1972, 77, pl XIV, #232, 200/a - BK.w/9 Chisel Buyukkale 3 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 4.2 ce = 0.5 Boehmer 1972, 77 pl XIV, #233, 207/a-BK.w/9, Müller-Karpe 1994, 237 pl 71.27 Chisel Buyukkale 3 Carpentry/masonry Settlement Boehmer 1972, 77, pl XIV, #236A, 68/468-Ust., Chisel Buyukkale 3 Carpentry/masonry Settlement Boehmer 1972, 77 pl XIV, #239, 657/t-Ust. K/15 Chisel Buyukkale 3 Carpentry/masonry Settlement Boehmer 1972, 77, pl XIV, #244, 932f/-BK. p. 16, Chisel Temple 1 Carpentry/masonry Cultic site or sanctuary 3.1 ce = 0.35 Boehmer 1972, 77 pl XIV, #247A, 69/1008-Ust; Müller-Karpe 1994, 238 pl 71.31 Chisel Temple 1 Carpentry/masonry Cultic site or sanctuary 5.5 1.3 Boehmer 1972, 77, pl XIV; #248, 621/z-Ust., Müller-Karpe 1994, 243, pl 73.14 Chisel Hittite Carpentry/masonry Settlement 4.7 ce = 0.5 Boehmer 1972, 77 pl XIV, #249, 247/s-Ust. K/15; Müller-Karpe 1994, 240 pl 72.18; Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 5.1 ce = 0.49 Boehmer 1972, 77 pl XIV, #250, 171/k-Buyukkaya; Müller-Karpe 1994, 236 pl 71.4 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement Boehmer 1972, 77 pl XIV, #250A, 68/453-Ust. Chisel Temple 1 Carpentry/masonry Cultic site or sanctuary 8.3 ce = 0.25 Boehmer 1972, 77, pl XIV, #251, 154/m-BK. /12, Müller-Karpe 1994, 234, pl 70.7 Chisel Temple 1 Carpentry/masonry Cultic site or sanctuary 4 ce = 0.4 Boehmer 1972, 77, pl XIV; #251A, 68/325, Müller-Karpe 1994, 238, pl 71.29 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 9.5 ce = 0.5 Boehmer 1972, 77, pl XIV; #251B, 1358/v/a-BK; Müller-Karpe 1994, 240, pl 71.12? Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement Boehmer 1972, 77, pl XIV; #251C, 68/382 -Ust. Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement Boehmer 1972, 78, pl XIV; #252, 138/1 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 5.7 ce = 0.75 Boehmer 1972, 78, pl XIV; #253, 1098/v-Buyukkale; Müller-Karpe 1994, 243, pl 73.21 Chisel, socketed Unterstadt 2 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 16.9 tip = 0.7 Müller-Karpe 1994, 246, pl 75.9 Boehmer 1979, #2592A, 77/534-K/20 Chisel, socketed Unterstadt 2 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 7.5 ce = 0.56 Müller-Karpe 1994, 245, pl 75.8; Boehmer 1979, #2593, 73/461-J/20 Chisel, socketed Carpentry/masonry Settlement 8.45 tip = 0.65; Müller-Karpe 1994, 245 pl 75.7, Boehmer 1979, #2636, 71/369-J/19 Chisel, socketed Buyukkale 3 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 20 cm tip w=1.45 cm Müller-Karpe 1994, 245 pl 74.11; Boehmer 1972, 77 pl XIV, 97/o-Ust. I/2o i/1a, #245 Chisel, socketed Carpentry/masonry Settlement 16.4 ce = 0.9 Müller-Karpe 1994, 246, pl 75.18; Bittel 1937, 20 pl 13.10 Chisel, socketed Carpentry/masonry Settlement 20.4 ce = 1.6 Müller-Karpe 1994, 246 pl 75.25; Przeworski 1939, 43, 193, pl 11.6 Chisel, socketed, iron Carpentry/masonry Settlement Boehmer 1979, 35, pl XXII; #3475, 70/89-J/19 Chisel-like, small tool Buyukkale 4b Carpentry/masonry Settlement Boehmer 1972, 117, pl XLI; #1199, Ust. J/20 K/7d Chisel-like, small tool Buyukkale 3 Carpentry/masonry Settlement Boehmer 1972, 117, pl XLI; #1204, 268/z-Ust Chisel, cold Hittite level; 14th-13th century Carpentry/masonry Settlement Deshayes 1003; Bogazkoy, Kleinfunde, p. 20, pl. XIII, 10 Chisel Hittite level; 14th-13th centuryCarpentry/masonry Settlement Deshayes 911; Bogazkoy, Kleinfunde, p. 20, pl. 13.8 Chisel, tripled sided Temple 26 Carpentry/masonry Cultic site or sanctuary Neve 1996, 29 pl 69 Chisel bit Carpentry/masonry Settlement 2.9 ce= 0.3 Müller-Karpe 1994, 238, pl 71.32 ANATOLIA TOOLS 637
Page 1:
Middle and Late Bronze Age Metal To
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investigation of the carpentry/maso
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Volume 1 CHAPTER 1: TABLE OF CONTEN
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Sites from the Greek islands 202 Si
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LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1: Shaft-hol
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Figure 3.12: Distribution of metall
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Figure 4.28: Map showing MBA carpen
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Plate 4.33: Double adze from Enkomi
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Plate 5.29: Orchomenos tool kit, Ch
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Several fellowships provided financ
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administrative staff at the college
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MBA 2000- 1600 LBA 1600- 1050 CHRON
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in the Aegean. 2 Small copper imple
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een easier with metal tools than st
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extremely scarce and the dearth of
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extraordinary number of metal tools
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this observation is astonishing sin
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Danube (IVe au IIe millénaire). Wh
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Mycenaean tool repertoire, yet some
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Chapter 2: Avenues for metallurgica
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cited as evidence for metallurgical
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ecycled items. Final products like
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ich published dataset, only a few s
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Quantities of raw metal were widely
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Turkey. Upon touring these sites, i
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The method for interpreting data fr
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second millennium BC. Such cases ar
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study area (from Cyprus), and its i
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are sufficiently differentiated fro
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his reconsideration of third millen
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to Catling, a violent purpose for t
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Different tool names may imply diss
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chisels. Categories 2 and 4 occur f
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detail for the carpentry/masonry to
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Isthmia region throughout the histo
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Gender responsibilities are investi
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Chapter 3: Metal tools in the secon
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double adze from the Enkomi Gunnis
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The link between a craftsperson and
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specialized and intended for specif
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III: The relationship of stone, bon
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durability. Stone cutting objects b
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information together. In the Aegean
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In addition to greater amounts of t
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y region may reflect social and cra
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database entries whose contextual c
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accurately account for the internal
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given to stockpiled tools. Thirty-f
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the larger and stronger metal types
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hoes/plowshares were preferred in b
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ather than a shipwreck. 165 Yet, li
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ideograms. 173 The Linear B ideogra
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The relative absence of Aegean digg
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goods were redistributed in two dis
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Bronze Age Mediterranean climate is
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frequency of these tools, however,
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mandated a striking implement. Wood
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patterns occur despite the fact tha
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is even more striking when compared
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quantities, actual smiths are menti
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The presence of metallurgical tools
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metal smiths moved throughout the l
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Site size and contextual analysis s
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is significant, as both regions wer
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the prominent LBA object type (53.6
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cannot always aid functional interp
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due in large part to 1) palatial li
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punches, borers, undefined implemen
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include bandages, pack-saddles, rei
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egion. The proportions of carpentry
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instruments during the course of th
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Cretan patterns (Fig. 3.31a): The r
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Despite the greater tool diversity,
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Syria-Palestine. The status of the
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distribution, as the category is qu
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differences in the consumption of t
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comparable to modern rulers and tap
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probably influenced from the east,
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Palestine and Anatolia. There are n
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4.2). 316 Similar blades are known
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part of a metal hoard that was stas
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Whether the double ax was an implem
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few select palaces (e.g. Mycenae, A
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specimens (Evely’s Type 4 lists s
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conveys how chisels, single axes, s
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functional differences. An implemen
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The tool type is common in Anatolia
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their size alone (Fig. 4.4), and th
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mortuary contexts, thus confirming
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were incorporated into double-ended
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Phornou Korifi, Myrtos, and Ayia Ph
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Size 1 (0.5 cm or less) Size 2 (0.6
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carving out deep mortises in wooden
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Mycenaean and Cypriot contexts, whi
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the socket may be that a wooden sha
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worn and battered from use; this da
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the early 12 th century: “It may
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Syria-Palestine 2 - 2 - Shipwrecks
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of shafted double hammers is also f
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in the Brunnen 212 hoard was conver
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mainland and may have aided drillin
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The tubular drill was first devised
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siderópetra (hard limestone known
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egularly considered to be absent fr
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together two sides of a handle, a f
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implement, it was employed from tim
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70 percent of the catalogue (79 out
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3. Saws with a straight blade top a
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ounded tip end with teeth (Plate 4.
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consumer. Cretan carpentry/masonry
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and Knossos, seemingly reflecting t
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Ayia Marina 1 1 chisel Gona (Macedo
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Ithaka-Polis 3 - 3 - 1 single/flat
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are reported from Ayia Irini, altho
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the island in the MBA. The distribu
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MBA site Total carpentry - masonry
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eported here. Despite this caveat,
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MBA site Total carpentry - masonry
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4.21). Minoan double axes and saws
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diameters are 5 cm and greater) mus
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(like Minoan types) as opposed to t
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Although traces of Anatolian or Ana
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common to Crete and Cyprus. The sin
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double ax forms, implies that the c
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carpentry/masonry tools contribute
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organized.” 530 My assertion rega
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type of diversity that may mark a t
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of fragmentation practices restrict
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final stage of the metal working: t
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shaped razor. 545 A similar collect
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workshops were easier to identify i
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definition of a hoard as “a group
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some hoards contained thousands of
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Discerning founders’ hoards from
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most assemblages were destined for
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often selected according to certain
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economic approach to hoarding must
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lacks contextual information or chr
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of objects from Mochlos also produc
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unrelated objects; and 3) the tradi
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as rare. Only two Cretan hoards con
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of comparison, there are 87 double
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data coded in this manner, it becam
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The similarity of the Tiryns hoard
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axes, and drills. Awls/engravers an
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functional interpretation of that a
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e-casting metal, which required hot
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524) has shaft-hole sidewalls of di
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were consciously formed and likely
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saws, ax-adzes, a broad chisel, dou
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oxhide ingot fragments and metallur
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metallurgical and agricultural tool
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Tsountas (Mycenae), Kalydon-Psoroli
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Carpentry or masonry utensils repre
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stone-working tools included sixtee
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tools. One has a wide, deformed ham
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tool kit). Diversity is a hallmark
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V. The metal objects from shipwreck
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Tool or object Uluburun (total 65+)
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occurrence is a definite sign of a
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implements in one context comes fro
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Foundry and Sinda hoards, but other
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tool distribution patterns in hoard
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only sporadically in burials and wo
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combination adze forms (double adze
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produced a monograph specifically o
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are currently in progress and will
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thriving metallurgical and craft in
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of Middle Cypriot tools, however, i
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number of utilitarian and small cra
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extremely limited in comparison to
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metallurgical operations are plenti
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absent. 758 The Linear B tablets at
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The Cypriot copper industry reached
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implements comprise 45% of the regi
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the preferences commonly found with
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possible that merchants, metal smit
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Syria-Palestine is not accidental,
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specifically adze variations (e.g.
Page 360 and 361:
likelihood, these implements were u
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Two elongated chisels from Mycenae
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cutting edges wider than the object
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are collectively known from Crete a
Page 368 and 369:
The distribution of shaft-hole axes
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this form are unknown in the Aegean
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artisans trained in a Minoan style?
Page 374 and 375:
transfer of painted plaster moved f
Page 376 and 377:
producing and consuming metal tools
Page 378 and 379:
the Argolid acquired specialized Hi
Page 380 and 381:
traveled from region to region prac
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A complete study of metal tools req
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Dissertation Bibliography Agouridis
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BC, edited by A. B. Knapp. Altamont
Page 388 and 389:
Austin: Université de Liège; Univ
Page 390 and 391:
Calder, W. M., and D. A. Traill, ed
Page 392 and 393:
Cline, E., and A. Yasur-Landau. 200
Page 394 and 395:
des maisons et quartiers d'habitati
Page 396 and 397:
Ellis, R. S. 1968. Foundation Depos
Page 398 and 399:
Gale, N. H., and Z. A. Stos-Gale. 1
Page 400 and 401:
Laffineur and P. P. Betancourt. Li
Page 402 and 403:
Homerica, edited by H.-G. Buchholz
Page 404 and 405:
Marinatos. Stockholm: Svenska Insti
Page 406 and 407:
———. 2004. Wheat, Barley, Flo
Page 408 and 409:
London, G. A. 2002. Women Potters a
Page 410 and 411:
33: 61-87. Moran, W. L., ed. 1992.
Page 412 and 413:
Nebelsick, L. 2000. Rent Asunder: R
Page 414 and 415:
Oldest Capital City of the Hittites
Page 416 and 417:
Poursat, J.-C. 1978. Travaux de L'
Page 418 and 419:
Ruscillo, D. 2006. Catalogue of Mis
Page 420 and 421:
———. 2006a. Catalogue of Misc
Page 422 and 423:
Stewart, J. 1961. The Early Bronze
Page 424 and 425:
Metallurgy in the Bronze Age. Proce
Page 426 and 427:
Walberg, G. 1998. Excavations on th
Page 428 and 429:
Seventh International Symposium at
Page 430 and 431:
Volume 2 APPENDIX 1: Figures (diagr
Page 432 and 433:
Total quantity 2000 1500 1000 500 0
Page 434 and 435:
Carpentry/ masonry 2253 (42.4%) Fig
Page 436 and 437:
Figure 3.5b - Agricultural tools: q
Page 438 and 439:
Figure 3.9d - Cyprus LBA quantities
Page 440 and 441:
Medium, 67 Figure 3.11 - Distributi
Page 442 and 443:
Billet = 1 Mold = 1 Wedge, socketed
Page 444 and 445:
Percentage 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
Page 446 and 447:
Quantity Quantity 1400 1200 1000 80
Page 448 and 449:
2 nd mill. (n=17) Spatula/scraper =
Page 450 and 451:
General 2 nd millennium (n=20) Knif
Page 452 and 453:
Total quantity 400 300 200 100 0 17
Page 454 and 455:
Figure 3.26b: Carpentry/Masonry too
Page 456 and 457:
Single/flat ax (n=370) 185 (40.7%)
Page 458 and 459:
General 2 nd millennium (n=21) Sing
Page 460 and 461:
General 2 nd millennium (n=89) Shaf
Page 462 and 463:
Figure 4.1: Shaft-hole axes: region
Page 464 and 465:
Figure 4.2: Doubles axes: regional
Page 466 and 467:
Cutting edge width (cm) 12 10 8 6 4
Page 468 and 469:
Tool series N Mean of ratio Standar
Page 470 and 471:
Figure 4.7: Single/flat axes: regio
Page 472 and 473:
Cutting edge width (cm) 8 7 6 5 4 3
Page 474 and 475:
Figure 4.10: Chisels: Scatter plots
Page 476 and 477:
Cutting edge width (cm) 7 6 5 4 3 2
Page 478 and 479:
Chisels by size Number Ratio Mean S
Page 480 and 481:
Cutting edge width (cm) 3 2.5 2 1.5
Page 482 and 483:
Figure 4.17: Ax-adzes: regions meas
Page 484 and 485:
Figure 4.19: Hollow cylindrical met
Page 486 and 487:
Figure 4.20 continued: Saw measurem
Page 488 and 489:
G,1 (30) F3, (2) F2, (2) E2, (2) E1
Page 490 and 491:
F3, (7) F2, (9) F1, (11) G1, (37) E
Page 492 and 493:
F2, (2) F3, (1) G1, (4) E1, (27) E2
Page 494 and 495:
1-5 6-15 16-30 31-50 51-100 100 + S
Page 496 and 497:
Figure 5.1: Tool frequencies and di
Page 498 and 499:
Figure 5.2 continued - Hoards from
Page 500 and 501:
Figure 5.3 continued - Hoards from
Page 502 and 503:
Hoards: 1 - 13 are from Crete 1: Sa
Page 509 and 510:
40 51 19 38 34 45 48 33 36 46 28 29
Page 511 and 512:
Proximity Matrix for the tool types
Page 513 and 514:
Narrow chisel Flat/single ax Shaft-
Page 515 and 516:
Plate 4.3: Shaft-hole ax from Cypru
Page 517 and 518:
Plate 4.9: Andronianoi (Euboea) dou
Page 519 and 520:
Plate 4.15 Single/flat ax from Kata
Page 521 and 522:
Plate 4.22: Chisel of size 3; Enkom
Page 523 and 524:
Plate 4.33: Double adze: from the G
Page 525 and 526:
Plate 4.39: Trésor de Bronzes adze
Page 527 and 528:
Plate 4.47: Saw type 3: Boğazköy-
Page 529 and 530:
Plate 5.1: Katamachi hoard - Ioanni
Page 531 and 532:
Plate 5.7: MX 541 - Double or singl
Page 533 and 534:
Plate 5.13: Chisel fragment; MX 519
Page 535 and 536:
Tsountas hoard, double axes 9 doubl
Page 537 and 538:
Plate 5.23: Double ax fragment-Anth
Page 539 and 540:
Plate 5.27: Enkomi Gunnis Hoard - (
Page 541 and 542:
L: hammer-adze R: double adze fragm
Page 543 and 544:
Appendix 3: Second Millennium BC Me
Page 545 and 546:
Carpentry/masonry tools 1 total: 1
Page 547 and 548:
Tool count and frequency 4 (14.3%)
Page 549 and 550:
Other objects 2 awls, 1 large scrap
Page 551 and 552:
Tool count and frequency 4 (44.4%)
Page 553 and 554:
15 th -14 th century: LH II - IIIA1
Page 555 and 556:
Other objects 1 bronze weight with
Page 557 and 558:
Likelihood of hoard Definite 46. Gr
Page 559 and 560:
Nicosia, Cyprus Museum (inv. Enkomi
Page 561 and 562:
Bibliography Taylor 1957, 20, 86-90
Page 563 and 564:
(…/1520.12,13,14,15); 18 castings
Page 565 and 566:
cauldron fragments), 1 ingot fragme
Page 567 and 568:
Other objects 45 sickles, 3 swords,
Page 569 and 570:
Context and date of 46.3, 47.1-4 Pi
Page 571 and 572:
Sites & Object types Specific date
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Sites & Object types Specific objec
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Page 603 and 604:
Sites & Object types Lefkas: genera
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Page 609 and 610: Sites & Object types Specific objec
Page 621 and 622: Sites & Object types Specific perio
Page 659: Sites & Object types Specific objec
Page 691: Sites & Object types Specific perio
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Middle and Late Bronze Age Metal Tools from the Aegean, Eastern ...

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