Middle and Late Bronze Age Metal Tools from the Aegean, Eastern ...

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Sites & Object types Specific object date Tool type category Context L W Bibliography Awl Small crafts Settlement Boehmer 1972, 117, pl XXXIII; #990, 88/o-Ust. I/20 g/1b Awl Small crafts Settlement Boehmer 1972, 117, pl XXXIII; #991, 68/442-Ust. Awl Small crafts Settlement Boehmer 1972, 117, pl XXXIII; #992, 68/501-Ust. Awl Small crafts Settlement Boehmer 1972, 117, pl XXXIII; #993, 243/o-Ust. J/20 Awl Small crafts Settlement Boehmer 1972, 117, pl XXXIII; #994, 297/o-Ust. J/21 Awl Small crafts Settlement Boehmer 1972, 117, pl XXXIII; #995, 140/1 - Buyukkaya Awl Small crafts Settlement Boehmer 1972, 117, pl XXXIII; #995A, 69, 1253, -Ust Awl Small crafts Settlement Boehmer 1972, 117, pl XXXIII; #996, 62/o34-Ust Awl Small crafts Settlement Boehmer 1972, 117, pl XXXIII; #997, 337/s-Ust. L/18f-g/6-7 Awl Small crafts Settlement Boehmer 1972, 117, pl XXXIII; #998, 661/t-Ust. K/18 Awl Small crafts Settlement Boehmer 1972, 117, pl XXXIII; #999-1000, 1358/v/b.c Awl Small crafts Settlement Boehmer 1972, 117, pl XXXIII; #1001, 534/z - Ust. Awl Small crafts Settlement Boehmer 1972, 117, pl XXXIII; #1002, 338/s- Ust. L/18 f-g/6-7 Awl Small crafts Settlement Boehmer 1972, 117, pl XXXIII; #1003, 68/384-Ust. Awl Small crafts Settlement Boehmer 1972, 117, pl XXXIII; #1003A, 69/1035 - ust. Awl Small crafts Settlement Boehmer 1972, 117, pl XXXIII; #1003B, 69/1120-Ust. Awl Small crafts Settlement Boehmer 1972, 117, pl XXXIII; #1003C, 69/1169-Ust. Awl Small crafts Settlement Boehmer 1972, 117, pl XXXIII; #1003D, 69/1127-Ust. Awl Small crafts Settlement Boehmer 1972, 117, pl XXXIII; #1003E, 69/1113-Ust. Awl Small crafts Settlement Boehmer 1972, 117, pl XXXIII; #1004, 341/q-Ust. J/20 h/6 Awl Small crafts Settlement Boehmer 1972, 117, pl XXXIII; #1005, 240/z- Ust. Awl Small crafts Settlement Neve 1984, 371 Awl Unterstadt 3 Small crafts Settlement Boehmer 1979, 24 pl XVI, #3191, 73/277-J/19 Awl Unterstadt 2 Small crafts Settlement Boehmer 1979, 25 pl XVI, #3208, 76/385-J/20 Awl Unterstadt 2 Small crafts Settlement Boehmer 1979, 25 pl XVI, 77/411-J/20, #3209A Awl Unterstadt 2 Small crafts Settlement Boehmer 1979, 25 pl XVI, 77/412-J/20, #3209B Awl Small crafts Settlement, house 9 Neve 1984, 371 Awl Small crafts Settlement, house 9 Neve 1984, 371 Awl Small crafts Settlement, house 9 Neve 1984, 371 Awl Small crafts Settlement, house 9 Neve 1984, 371 Awl Small crafts Settlement, house 9 Neve 1984, 371 Awl Small crafts Settlement, house 9 Neve 1984, 371 Awl Small crafts Settlement, house 9 Neve 1984, 371 Awl Small crafts Settlement, house 9 Neve 1984, 371 Awl Small crafts Settlement, house 9 Neve 1984, 371 Awl? Buyukkale 3 Small crafts Settlement 6.45 tang = 0.3 Müller-Karpe 1994, 238 pl 71.36, Boehmer 1972, 77 pl XIV, 211/o -Ust. J/20 i/1b, chisel #239A Ax, miniature lugged Level 1 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 4.7 ce = 1.85 Müller-Karpe 1994, 242, pl 73.7; Boehmer 1972, 38, pl 2.23, Deshayes 1050, MDOG 77, 1939, p. 18, fig 19.c Ax, trunnion/lugged 14th or 13th century Carpentry/masonry Settlement 15 cm ce = 5.2 Boehmer 1972, 38, 170/h-Ust.K/20, Deshayes 1094, Erkanal 1977, 5 entry 21, pl 2.21; Ax, shaft hole Carpentry/masonry Settlement 14 cm 6 cm Erkanal 1977, 13 entry 54, pl 5.54; Bittel, Bogazkoy 21, pl 13.2 Ax, trunnion/lugged Unterstadt 3 Carpentry/masonry Settlement Boehmer 1979, 2 pl I (76/361-J/20), catolog #2486 Ax, trunnion/lugged Unterstadt 2 Carpentry/masonry Settlement Boehmer 1979, 2 pl I (76/264-J/20) Ax, trunnion/lugged Unterstadt 2 Carpentry/masonry Settlement Boehmer 1979, 2 pl I (77/199-K/20) Ax, trunnion/lugged 13th century BC Carpentry/masonry Settlement 12.1 cm 6.1 cm Boehmer 1972, 1255, pl 44; Erkanal 6 entry 27 pl 3.27 Ax, shaft hole Shuppiluliuma on seal Carpentry/masonry Settlement Boehmer 1972, 36, pl II, catalog #17, pl 2.17, 477/d-BD.s/.15; MDOG 73,23, fig 12; Iraq 11, 1949, 144, pl 35, 22; Desha Ax, shaft hole Büyükkaya, level 3 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 13 cm ce =5.4 cm Boehmer 1972, 36, pl 2.18; Erkanal 1977, 15 entry 62a, pl 6.62a, catalog #18, 254/k Ax, shaft hole Carpentry/masonry Settlement 14.15 edge = 5.4 Boehmer 1972, 36, nr. 19, catalog #19, 51/1; Erkanal 1977, 15, 62b, pl 6.62b Ax, single/flat frag Carpentry/masonry Settlement 8.3 cm 8.2 cm Boehmer 1972, 38, Erkanal 1977, 12 entry 49c, pl 4.49c; catalog #25, 171/h-Ust.K/20 Ax, single/flat Carpentry/masonry Settlement 20.4 cm 8.65 cm Boehmer 1972, 38, catalog #29, 62/069-Ust.H/21; Erkanal 1977, 12 entry 49a, pl 4.49a Ax, trunnion/lugged Carpentry/masonry Settlement 9.2 Boehmer 1972, 38, pl II, catalog #23, 93/h-Ust.K/20; Deshayes 1050 ANATOLIA TOOLS 634
Sites & Object types Specific object date Tool type category Context L W Bibliography Ax, trunnion/lugged Carpentry/masonry Settlement 25.3 cm 11.2 cm Boehmer 1972, 38, catalog #28, fig 20b; Erkanal 1977, 4 entry 14, pl 2.14; Deshayes 1095 Ax, half oval, single/flat Carpentry/masonry Settlement AA 2003, 11, fig 15 Ax, shaft hole Carpentry/masonry Settlement Deshayes 1530; AA 1934, col. 350 Ax, shaft hole Hittite level; 14th-13th centuryCarpentry/masonry Settlement Deshayes 1531; Bogazkoy Kleinfunde, p. 21, pl. 13, 32 Ax, shaft hole 1st half of <strong>the</strong> 14th century (date Carpentry/masonry may need to be revised) Settlement Deshayes 1520; Neue Unters, p. 28-29, pl. 10.1 Ax, single/flat Hittite level; 14th-12th centuryCarpentry/masonry Settlement Deshayes 656; Bogazkoy Hattusa, p. 99, fig 24; MDOG 77 (1939), p. 18, fig 18e Ax, trunnion/lugged Carpentry/masonry Settlement 17.4 3.9 Erkanal 1977, 5 entry 16 pl 2.16; S. Przeworski, Archiv Orient, 7,1935,409 (7) abb.1, a Ax, trunnion/lugged Templ 7 Carpentry/masonry Cultic site or sanctuary Neve 1996, 37 pl 92a; Bo 82/138 Blade, flanged Utilitarian Settlement Deshayes 1072; Siatowit XIII (193 (1929), p. 58, fig 20; Archiv Orientalni, VII (1935), p. 409, fig 1,a Chisel-like bit Carpentry/masonry Settlement 6.1 1.3 Müller-Karpe 1994 pg. 225, pl 63.9 Chisel Buyukkale 4d Carpentry/masonry Settlement 3.4 ce = 0.9 Müller-Karpe 1994, 242 pl 72.45; Boehmer 1972, 76 pl XIII, #209, 539/o - Ust.J/20 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 9.6 0.7 Müller-Karpe 1994, 231, pl 67.10 Chisel Outside Temple VI Carpentry/masonry Settlement 9.71 1.42 Müller-Karpe 1994, 231, pl 67.17 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 5.4 ce = 0.42 Müller-Karpe 1994, 236, pl 70.43; Etutluk 1957 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 3.8 ce = 0.3 Müller-Karpe 1994, 238 pl 71.28 Chisel Level 3 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 9.3 ce = 0.27 Müller-Karpe 1994, 238-9, pl 71.43; Etutluk 1957 Chisel temple 1 Carpentry/masonry Cultic site or sanctuary 10.05 ce = 0.4 Müller-Karpe 1994, 239, pl 71.45 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 4.85 ce = 0.35 Müller-Karpe 1994, 240, pl 72.26; Eututluk 1959 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 2.85 0.85 Müller-Karpe 1994, 241, pl 72.42 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 1.6 1.15 Müller-Karpe 1994, 242, pl 72.47 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 3.7 ce = 1.5 Müller-Karpe 1994, 242, pl 73.11 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 5.85 ce = 0.25 Müller-Karpe 1994, 234, pl 70.15; Boehmer 1979, #2576 (73/412 - J/19) Chisel Unterstadt 3 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 5.1 ce = 0.12 Müller-Karpe 1994, 234, pl 70.14; Boehmer 1979, #2578 Chisel Unterstadt 2 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 4.3 ce = 0.2 Müller-Karpe 1994, 238 pl 71.33; Boehmer 1979, #2580, 75/561 -I/20 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 7.2 ce = 0.25 Müller-Karpe 1994, 234, pl 70.11; Boehmer 1979, #2582A, 77/87 - K20 Chisel Unterstadt 2 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 8.75 ce = 0.8 Müller-Karpe 1994, 243, pl 73.29; Boehmer 1979, #2583, 73/357 - J/19 Chisel Unterstadt 2 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 4.71 ce = 0.2 Müller-Karpe 1994, 82, 234, pl 70.13; Boehmer 1979, #2584, 76/395 - J/20 Chisel Unterstadt 2 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 7.65 ce =0.4 Müller-Karpe 1994, 237 pl 71.24; Boehmer 1979, #2587A, 77/413 - J/20 Chisel Unterstadt 2 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 9.35 ce = 0.5 Müller-Karpe 1994, 235 pl 70.28, Boehmer 1979, #2587B, 77/430-J/20 Chisel Unterstadt 2; Carpentry/masonry Workshop, House 19 3.2 ce = 0.65 Müller-Karpe 1994, 343, pl 73.26; Boehmer 1979, #2588, 75/300-I/20 Chisel Unterstadt 2 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 4.5 ce = 0.6 Müller-Karpe 1994, 241, pl 72.41; Boehmer 1979, #2589, 73/236 - J/20 Chisel Unterstadt 2 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 5.05 ce = 0.5 Müller-Karpe 1994, 237, pl 71.14; Boehmer 1979, #2590, 73/233 -J/20 Chisel Unterstadt 2 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 9.3 ce = 0.75 Müller-Karpe 1994, 231, pl 67.9; Boehmer 1979, 2591, 76/149 - J/20 Chisel Unterstadt 2 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 5.42 ce = 0.21 Müller-Karpe 1994, 234 pl 70.17; Boehmer 1979, #2591A, 77/373-K/20 Chisel Unterstadt 1 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 6.1 ce =0.4 Müller-Karpe 1994, 235 pl 70.37; Boehmer 1979, #2593C, 77/296-K/20 Chisel Unterstadt 1 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 5.6 ce =0.4 Müller-Karpe 1994, 237 pl 71.16; Boehmer 1979, #2593D, 77/115-K/20 Chisel Unterstadt 1 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 4.75 ce =0.4 Müller-Karpe 1994, 237 pl 71.26, Boehmer 1979, #2593E, 77/114 Chisel Unterstadt 1 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 5.1 ce= 0.3 Müller-Karpe 1994, 240, pl 72.17; Boehmer 1979, #2593F, 77/151 - K/20 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 3.95 ce = 0.6 Müller-Karpe 1994, 242 pl 73.12; Boehmer 1979, #2595, 75/311-I/20 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 4.9 ce = 0.45 Müller-Karpe 1994, 237 pl 71.15; Boehmer 1979, #2605, 73/71-J/20 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 3.3 ce = 0.7 Müller-Karpe 1994, 243 pl 73.24, Boehmer 1979, #2606, 73/90-J/20 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 5.85 ce= 0.3 Müller-Karpe 1994, 240, pl 72.16; Boehmer 1979, #2610, 73/267-J/20 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 7.38 ce = 0.3 Müller-Karpe 1994, 240 pl 72.14; Boehmer 1979, #2613, 75/57-J/20 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 3.3 ce = 0.28 Müller-Karpe 1994, 247 pl 76.8; Boehmer 1979, #2614, 75/102 - J/20 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 4.9 ce = 0.38 Müller-Karpe 1994, 247 pl 76.17; Boehmer 1979, #2615, 75/159-I/20 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 3.95 ce =0.3 Müller-Karpe 1994, 237, pl 71.19; Boehmer 1979, #2618, 75/316-I/20 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 5.2 ce = 0.31 Müller-Karpe 1994, 238 pl 71.35; Boehmer 1979, #2619, 75/359-J/19 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 5.45 ce = 0.2 Müller-Karpe 1994, 248 pl 76.18; Boehmer 1979, #2620, 75/466-I/20 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 3.15 ce = 0.15 Müller-Karpe 1994, 247 pl 76.12; Boehmer 1979, #2622, 76/144-J/21 ANATOLIA TOOLS 635
Page 1:
Middle and Late Bronze Age Metal To
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investigation of the carpentry/maso
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Volume 1 CHAPTER 1: TABLE OF CONTEN
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Sites from the Greek islands 202 Si
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LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1: Shaft-hol
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Figure 3.12: Distribution of metall
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Figure 4.28: Map showing MBA carpen
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Plate 4.33: Double adze from Enkomi
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Plate 5.29: Orchomenos tool kit, Ch
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Several fellowships provided financ
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administrative staff at the college
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MBA 2000- 1600 LBA 1600- 1050 CHRON
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in the Aegean. 2 Small copper imple
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een easier with metal tools than st
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extremely scarce and the dearth of
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extraordinary number of metal tools
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this observation is astonishing sin
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Danube (IVe au IIe millénaire). Wh
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Mycenaean tool repertoire, yet some
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Chapter 2: Avenues for metallurgica
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cited as evidence for metallurgical
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ecycled items. Final products like
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ich published dataset, only a few s
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Quantities of raw metal were widely
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Turkey. Upon touring these sites, i
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The method for interpreting data fr
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second millennium BC. Such cases ar
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study area (from Cyprus), and its i
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are sufficiently differentiated fro
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his reconsideration of third millen
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to Catling, a violent purpose for t
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Different tool names may imply diss
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chisels. Categories 2 and 4 occur f
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detail for the carpentry/masonry to
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Isthmia region throughout the histo
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Gender responsibilities are investi
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Chapter 3: Metal tools in the secon
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double adze from the Enkomi Gunnis
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The link between a craftsperson and
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specialized and intended for specif
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III: The relationship of stone, bon
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durability. Stone cutting objects b
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information together. In the Aegean
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In addition to greater amounts of t
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y region may reflect social and cra
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database entries whose contextual c
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accurately account for the internal
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given to stockpiled tools. Thirty-f
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the larger and stronger metal types
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hoes/plowshares were preferred in b
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ather than a shipwreck. 165 Yet, li
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ideograms. 173 The Linear B ideogra
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The relative absence of Aegean digg
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goods were redistributed in two dis
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Bronze Age Mediterranean climate is
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frequency of these tools, however,
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mandated a striking implement. Wood
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patterns occur despite the fact tha
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is even more striking when compared
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quantities, actual smiths are menti
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The presence of metallurgical tools
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metal smiths moved throughout the l
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Site size and contextual analysis s
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is significant, as both regions wer
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the prominent LBA object type (53.6
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cannot always aid functional interp
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due in large part to 1) palatial li
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punches, borers, undefined implemen
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include bandages, pack-saddles, rei
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egion. The proportions of carpentry
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instruments during the course of th
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Cretan patterns (Fig. 3.31a): The r
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Despite the greater tool diversity,
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Syria-Palestine. The status of the
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distribution, as the category is qu
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differences in the consumption of t
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comparable to modern rulers and tap
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probably influenced from the east,
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Palestine and Anatolia. There are n
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4.2). 316 Similar blades are known
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part of a metal hoard that was stas
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Whether the double ax was an implem
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few select palaces (e.g. Mycenae, A
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specimens (Evely’s Type 4 lists s
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conveys how chisels, single axes, s
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functional differences. An implemen
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The tool type is common in Anatolia
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their size alone (Fig. 4.4), and th
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mortuary contexts, thus confirming
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were incorporated into double-ended
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Phornou Korifi, Myrtos, and Ayia Ph
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Size 1 (0.5 cm or less) Size 2 (0.6
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carving out deep mortises in wooden
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Mycenaean and Cypriot contexts, whi
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the socket may be that a wooden sha
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worn and battered from use; this da
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the early 12 th century: “It may
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Syria-Palestine 2 - 2 - Shipwrecks
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of shafted double hammers is also f
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in the Brunnen 212 hoard was conver
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mainland and may have aided drillin
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The tubular drill was first devised
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siderópetra (hard limestone known
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egularly considered to be absent fr
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together two sides of a handle, a f
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implement, it was employed from tim
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70 percent of the catalogue (79 out
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3. Saws with a straight blade top a
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ounded tip end with teeth (Plate 4.
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consumer. Cretan carpentry/masonry
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and Knossos, seemingly reflecting t
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Ayia Marina 1 1 chisel Gona (Macedo
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Ithaka-Polis 3 - 3 - 1 single/flat
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are reported from Ayia Irini, altho
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the island in the MBA. The distribu
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MBA site Total carpentry - masonry
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eported here. Despite this caveat,
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MBA site Total carpentry - masonry
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4.21). Minoan double axes and saws
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diameters are 5 cm and greater) mus
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(like Minoan types) as opposed to t
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Although traces of Anatolian or Ana
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common to Crete and Cyprus. The sin
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double ax forms, implies that the c
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carpentry/masonry tools contribute
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organized.” 530 My assertion rega
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type of diversity that may mark a t
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of fragmentation practices restrict
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final stage of the metal working: t
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shaped razor. 545 A similar collect
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workshops were easier to identify i
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definition of a hoard as “a group
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some hoards contained thousands of
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Discerning founders’ hoards from
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most assemblages were destined for
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often selected according to certain
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economic approach to hoarding must
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lacks contextual information or chr
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of objects from Mochlos also produc
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unrelated objects; and 3) the tradi
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as rare. Only two Cretan hoards con
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of comparison, there are 87 double
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data coded in this manner, it becam
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The similarity of the Tiryns hoard
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axes, and drills. Awls/engravers an
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functional interpretation of that a
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e-casting metal, which required hot
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524) has shaft-hole sidewalls of di
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were consciously formed and likely
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saws, ax-adzes, a broad chisel, dou
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oxhide ingot fragments and metallur
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metallurgical and agricultural tool
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Tsountas (Mycenae), Kalydon-Psoroli
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Carpentry or masonry utensils repre
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stone-working tools included sixtee
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tools. One has a wide, deformed ham
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tool kit). Diversity is a hallmark
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V. The metal objects from shipwreck
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Tool or object Uluburun (total 65+)
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occurrence is a definite sign of a
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implements in one context comes fro
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Foundry and Sinda hoards, but other
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tool distribution patterns in hoard
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only sporadically in burials and wo
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combination adze forms (double adze
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produced a monograph specifically o
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are currently in progress and will
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thriving metallurgical and craft in
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of Middle Cypriot tools, however, i
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number of utilitarian and small cra
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extremely limited in comparison to
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metallurgical operations are plenti
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absent. 758 The Linear B tablets at
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The Cypriot copper industry reached
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implements comprise 45% of the regi
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the preferences commonly found with
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possible that merchants, metal smit
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Syria-Palestine is not accidental,
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specifically adze variations (e.g.
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likelihood, these implements were u
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Two elongated chisels from Mycenae
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cutting edges wider than the object
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are collectively known from Crete a
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The distribution of shaft-hole axes
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this form are unknown in the Aegean
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artisans trained in a Minoan style?
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transfer of painted plaster moved f
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producing and consuming metal tools
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the Argolid acquired specialized Hi
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traveled from region to region prac
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A complete study of metal tools req
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Dissertation Bibliography Agouridis
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BC, edited by A. B. Knapp. Altamont
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Austin: Université de Liège; Univ
Page 390 and 391:
Calder, W. M., and D. A. Traill, ed
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Cline, E., and A. Yasur-Landau. 200
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des maisons et quartiers d'habitati
Page 396 and 397:
Ellis, R. S. 1968. Foundation Depos
Page 398 and 399:
Gale, N. H., and Z. A. Stos-Gale. 1
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Laffineur and P. P. Betancourt. Li
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Homerica, edited by H.-G. Buchholz
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Marinatos. Stockholm: Svenska Insti
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———. 2004. Wheat, Barley, Flo
Page 408 and 409:
London, G. A. 2002. Women Potters a
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33: 61-87. Moran, W. L., ed. 1992.
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Nebelsick, L. 2000. Rent Asunder: R
Page 414 and 415:
Oldest Capital City of the Hittites
Page 416 and 417:
Poursat, J.-C. 1978. Travaux de L'
Page 418 and 419:
Ruscillo, D. 2006. Catalogue of Mis
Page 420 and 421:
———. 2006a. Catalogue of Misc
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Stewart, J. 1961. The Early Bronze
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Metallurgy in the Bronze Age. Proce
Page 426 and 427:
Walberg, G. 1998. Excavations on th
Page 428 and 429:
Seventh International Symposium at
Page 430 and 431:
Volume 2 APPENDIX 1: Figures (diagr
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Total quantity 2000 1500 1000 500 0
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Carpentry/ masonry 2253 (42.4%) Fig
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Figure 3.5b - Agricultural tools: q
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Figure 3.9d - Cyprus LBA quantities
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Medium, 67 Figure 3.11 - Distributi
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Billet = 1 Mold = 1 Wedge, socketed
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Percentage 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
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Quantity Quantity 1400 1200 1000 80
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2 nd mill. (n=17) Spatula/scraper =
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General 2 nd millennium (n=20) Knif
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Total quantity 400 300 200 100 0 17
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Figure 3.26b: Carpentry/Masonry too
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Single/flat ax (n=370) 185 (40.7%)
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General 2 nd millennium (n=21) Sing
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General 2 nd millennium (n=89) Shaf
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Figure 4.1: Shaft-hole axes: region
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Figure 4.2: Doubles axes: regional
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Cutting edge width (cm) 12 10 8 6 4
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Tool series N Mean of ratio Standar
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Figure 4.7: Single/flat axes: regio
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Cutting edge width (cm) 8 7 6 5 4 3
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Figure 4.10: Chisels: Scatter plots
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Cutting edge width (cm) 7 6 5 4 3 2
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Chisels by size Number Ratio Mean S
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Cutting edge width (cm) 3 2.5 2 1.5
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Figure 4.17: Ax-adzes: regions meas
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Figure 4.19: Hollow cylindrical met
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Figure 4.20 continued: Saw measurem
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G,1 (30) F3, (2) F2, (2) E2, (2) E1
Page 490 and 491:
F3, (7) F2, (9) F1, (11) G1, (37) E
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F2, (2) F3, (1) G1, (4) E1, (27) E2
Page 494 and 495:
1-5 6-15 16-30 31-50 51-100 100 + S
Page 496 and 497:
Figure 5.1: Tool frequencies and di
Page 498 and 499:
Figure 5.2 continued - Hoards from
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Figure 5.3 continued - Hoards from
Page 502 and 503:
Hoards: 1 - 13 are from Crete 1: Sa
Page 509 and 510:
40 51 19 38 34 45 48 33 36 46 28 29
Page 511 and 512:
Proximity Matrix for the tool types
Page 513 and 514:
Narrow chisel Flat/single ax Shaft-
Page 515 and 516:
Plate 4.3: Shaft-hole ax from Cypru
Page 517 and 518:
Plate 4.9: Andronianoi (Euboea) dou
Page 519 and 520:
Plate 4.15 Single/flat ax from Kata
Page 521 and 522:
Plate 4.22: Chisel of size 3; Enkom
Page 523 and 524:
Plate 4.33: Double adze: from the G
Page 525 and 526:
Plate 4.39: Trésor de Bronzes adze
Page 527 and 528:
Plate 4.47: Saw type 3: Boğazköy-
Page 529 and 530:
Plate 5.1: Katamachi hoard - Ioanni
Page 531 and 532:
Plate 5.7: MX 541 - Double or singl
Page 533 and 534:
Plate 5.13: Chisel fragment; MX 519
Page 535 and 536:
Tsountas hoard, double axes 9 doubl
Page 537 and 538:
Plate 5.23: Double ax fragment-Anth
Page 539 and 540:
Plate 5.27: Enkomi Gunnis Hoard - (
Page 541 and 542:
L: hammer-adze R: double adze fragm
Page 543 and 544:
Appendix 3: Second Millennium BC Me
Page 545 and 546:
Carpentry/masonry tools 1 total: 1
Page 547 and 548:
Tool count and frequency 4 (14.3%)
Page 549 and 550:
Other objects 2 awls, 1 large scrap
Page 551 and 552:
Tool count and frequency 4 (44.4%)
Page 553 and 554:
15 th -14 th century: LH II - IIIA1
Page 555 and 556:
Other objects 1 bronze weight with
Page 557 and 558:
Likelihood of hoard Definite 46. Gr
Page 559 and 560:
Nicosia, Cyprus Museum (inv. Enkomi
Page 561 and 562:
Bibliography Taylor 1957, 20, 86-90
Page 563 and 564:
(…/1520.12,13,14,15); 18 castings
Page 565 and 566:
cauldron fragments), 1 ingot fragme
Page 567 and 568:
Other objects 45 sickles, 3 swords,
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Context and date of 46.3, 47.1-4 Pi
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Sites & Object types Specific date
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Page 595 and 596:
Sites & Object types Specific objec
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Page 599 and 600:
Page 601 and 602:
Page 603 and 604:
Sites & Object types Lefkas: genera
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Page 607 and 608: Sites & Object types Specific objec
Page 621 and 622: Sites & Object types Specific perio
Page 657: Sites & Object types Specific objec
Page 691: Sites & Object types Specific perio
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Middle and Late Bronze Age Metal Tools from the Aegean, Eastern ...

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