Middle and Late Bronze Age Metal Tools from the Aegean, Eastern ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Sites & Object types Specific object date Tool type category Context L W Bibliography Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 13.8 0.8 Müller-Karpe 1994, 229, pl 65.20; Koşay and Akok 1966, 191, pl 41, e7 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Burial, grave D 12.3 ce = 0.75 Müller-Karpe 1994, 230 pl 66.4; Koşay 1951, 67, 162, pl 149, D20 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Burial, grave H 14.8 0.7 Koşay 1951, pl 135, 1.99; Müller-Karpe 1994, 232, pl 68.3 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 8.3 ce = 0.27 Koşay and Akok 1966, 195, pl 128, 4 A1. H.206; Müller-Karpe 1994, 234 pl 70.8 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 8.95 ce = 0.7 Müller-Karpe 1994, 235 pl 70.27 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 11.5 ce = 0.4 Koşay and Akok 1966, 195, pl 42, g66, pl 128, A1; Müller-Karpe 1994, 236, pl 71.3 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement Koşay and Akok 1966, 195, pl 42, g.77, 128, A1, g77; Chisel MBA-LBA; 1900-1200 BC Carpentry/masonry Settlement Deshayes 975; Koşay 1944, 33, pl. XLIX, A1/a, 37 Alaçam-Pelit Büküköyü - 2nd millennium Casting, Ax, trunnion Alishar Höyük - MBA Carp/mason or metallurgicalUnstratified or unknown 20 ce = 6.9 Müller-Karpe 1994, 227, pl 64.1 Ax, single/flat Level II; early 2nd millennium Carpentry/masonry Settlement Deshayes 486; Alishar 1927, II, p. 91, fig 70, 2348 and 1844 Ax, shaft hole 2nd millennium BC Carpentry/masonry Settlement 8.3 cm 3.4 cm Erkanal 1977 13 entry 52, pl 5.52; Alishar II 441, fig 497 Chisel Level II; early 2nd millennium BC Carpentry/masonry Unstratified or unknown 7 socket = 0.7 Müller-Karpe 1994, 246, pl 75.20; Schmidt 1932, 153, fig 192, b 1628 Chisel level II, early 2nd millennium Carpentry/masonry Settlement Deshayes 973; Alishar 1930-32, II; p. 264, fig 292, c 1084 Chisel level II, early 2nd millennium Carpentry/masonry Settlement Deshayes 974; Alishar 1930-32, II; p. 264, fig 292, c 1106 Chisel level II, early 2nd millennium Carpentry/masonry Settlement Alishar 1930-32, II, p. 264, fig 292, c 213 Chisel Level II; early 2nd millennium BC Carpentry/masonry Settlement Deshayes 851; Alishar 1930-32, II, p. 24, fig 292, e1334 Chisel Level II; early 2nd millennium BC Carpentry/masonry Settlement Deshayes 704; Alishar 1930-32, II, p. 253, fig 287, e1, e 1026 and e2612 Chisel Level II; early 2nd millennium BC; Carpentry/masonry Settlement Deshayes 689; Alishar 1930-32, II, p. 253, fig 287, e2520 Chisel Level II Carpentry/masonry Settlement 3.3 ce = 0.3 Müller-Karpe 1994, 237, pl 71.20; Schmidt 1932, 152b 1170 Chisel Level II Carpentry/masonry Settlement 7.9 ce = 0.45 Müller-Karpe 1994, 72.2; Schmidt 1932, 152, fig 191, b 1880; Chisel, socketed Level 2 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 15 ce = 0.6 Müller-Karpe 1994, 234 pl 70.10; Schmidt 1932, 152, fig 191, b1170 Chisel, socketed level 2; early 2nd millennium Carpentry/masonry Settlement 9 ce = 0.65 Müller-Karpe 1994, 245, pl 75.6; Schmidt 1932, 156, fig 195, b2766; Esin 1969, 126, 170, nr. 17804, type 26a; Drill, socketed 1900-1600 BC Carpentry/masonry Settlement 10.3 ce = 0.5 Deshayes 196, Alishar 1928-29, I, p. 151, fig 192, b 165 Knife Level II; early 2nd millennium BC Utilitarian Settlement Deshayes 2405; Alishar 1930-32, II, p. 253, fig 289, e 1209 and e 1500 Knife Level II; early 2nd millennium BC Utilitarian Settlement Deshayes 2406; Alishar 1930-32, II, p. 253, fig 289, d 2796 Knife Level II; early 2nd millennium BC Utilitarian Settlement Deshayes 2409; Alishar 1930-32, II, p. 253, fig 289, c 322 Mold for lead figurines Level II Metallurgical Settlement 5.7 3.9 Müller-Karpe 1994, 222 pl 60.8; Emre 1971, 22 pl 6.1 Mold for trunnion Ax Metallurgical Settlement Erkanal 1977 6 entry 35, pl 3.35; Osten, Alishar II 96, fig 91 Plowshare Alishar II Agricultural Settlement Catling 1964, 81.; Stratigraphie, fig 195:6 Pointed implement Alishar Höyük - LBA Level II; 1900-1600 BC Small crafts Unstratified or unknown Deshayes 1173; Alishar 1930-32, II, p. 264, fig 292, e 2070 and 2136 Ax, trunnion/lugged Hittite period Carpentry/masonry Settlement 8.5 cm 1.9 cm Erkanal 1977, 7 entry 36, pl 3.36; Deshayes 1047, Alishar 1930-32, II, p. 253, fig 286, c. 1648 Ax, trunnion/lugged Hittite empire period Carpentry/masonry Settlement 8.2 cm 1.6 cm Erkanal 1977, 7 entry 37, pl 3.37; Deshayes 1047, Alishar 1930-32, II, p. 253, fig 286, c 1093 Ax, trunnion/lugged Hittite period Carpentry/masonry Settlement 6.7 cm 1.45 cm Erkanal 1977, 7 entry 38, pl 3.38; Deshayes 1071; Alishar 1930-32, II, p. 253, fig 287, e1898 Ax, trunnion/lugged Hittite empire period Carpentry/masonry Settlement 12.2 ce = 3.3 Erkanal 1977, 6 entry 34, pl 3.34; Deshayes 1085; Alishar 1930-32, II, p. 253, fig 286, c 1741 Ax, trunnion/lugged Late Hittite period, but found in Carpentry/masonry a Phryigan level Settlement 8.6 cm 4.1 cm Erkanal 1977, 7 etnry 47, pl 4.47; Deshayes 1165; Alishar 1930-32, II, p. 441, fig 497, d 2135 Ax, trunnion/lugged Late Hittite empire, but may belong Carpentry/masonry to Phrygian period Settlement 17.8 cm 5.8 cm Erkanal 1977, 6 entry 26; Osten, H.H. v.d. Osten, Alishar Huyuk III, 110, fig 107 Chisel, fragment Hittite level Carpentry/masonry Settlement 9.75 ce =1.7 Müller-Karpe 1994, 231, pl 67.18; Von der Osten 1937b, 253, 262, fig 287 Chisel Hittite level Carpentry/masonry Settlement 7 ce = 0.4 Müller-Karpe 1994, 235, pl 70.35; Von der Osten 1937b, 267, fig 293, c213 Chisel Hittite level Carpentry/masonry Settlement 5.5 ce = 0.6 Müller-Karpe 1994, 236, pl 70.39; Von der Osten 1937b, 267, fig 292, e1334 Chisel Hittite level Carpentry/masonry Settlement 5.3 ce = 0.4 Müller-Karpe 1994, 236 pl 70.41; Von der Osten 1937b, 267, fig 292, c1084; Esin 1969, 127, #17843 type 2c4 Chisel Hittite level Carpentry/masonry Settlement 6.35 ce =0.45 Müller-Karpe 1994, 238, pl 71.38; Von der Osten 1937b, 267, fig 292, c 468 Chisel fragment Hittite level Carpentry/masonry Settlement 3.95 ce =1.9 Müller-Karpe 1994, 241, pl 72.33; Von der Osten 1937b, 253, 262, fig. 287, e 909 Chisel fragment Hittite level Carpentry/masonry Settlement 2.1 ce = 0.85 Müller-Karpe 1994, 241, pl 72.37; Von der Osten 1937b, 253, 262, fig 287, d2612 Chisel fragment Hittite level Carpentry/masonry Settlement 3.1 ce = 0.9 Müller-Karpe 1994, 241, pl 72.39; Von der Osten 1937b, 253, 262, fig 287, e 1026 Chisel Hittite level Carpentry/masonry Settlement 8.5 ce = 1.9 Müller-Karpe 1994, 242, pl 73.3; Erkanal 1977, 7, nr. 35, pl 3.36; Von der Osten 1937b, 253, 261, fig 286, c 1648 Chisel Hittite level Carpentry/masonry Settlement 8.2 ce = 1.6 Müller-Karpe 1994, 242, pl 73.4; Erkanal 1977, 7 nr. 37, pl 3.37; Von der Osten 1937b, 261, fig 286, c 1093 ANATOLIA TOOLS 630
Sites & Object types Specific object date Tool type category Context L W Bibliography Chisel Hittite level Carpentry/masonry Settlement 6.8 ce =1 Müller-Karpe 1994, 242, pl 73.5; Deshayes 418; Erkanal 1977, 12 entry 49b, pl 4.49b; Chisel Hittite level Carpentry/masonry Settlement 6.7 ce = 1.45 Erkanal 1977, 7 nr. 38 pl 3, 38; Müller-Karpe 1994, 242 pl 73.6; Von der Osten 1937b, 253, 262, fig 287, e1898 Chisel Hittite level Carpentry/masonry Settlement 5.4 ce = 1.2 Müller-Karpe 1994, 243 pl 73.16; Von der Osten 1937b, 253, 262, fig 287, d 2520 Chisel Hittite level Carpentry/masonry Settlement 11.4 ce = 0.6 Müller-Karpe 1994, 243 pl 73.28; Von der Osten 1937b, 267, fig 293, d2149, Esin 1969, 125, 154, nr. 17785, type 2c; Chisel Hittite level Carpentry/masonry Settlement 8.25 ce = 0.84 Müller-Karpe 1994, 243 pl 73.30; Von der Osten 1937b, 267, fig 292, e1106 Chisel Hittite level Carpentry/masonry Settlement 6.7 ce =0.4 Müller-Karpe 1994, 244, pl 73.38; Von der Osten 1937b, 267, fig 293, d1958 Chisel Hittite level Carpentry/masonry Settlement Von der Osten 1937b, 267, fig 292, e 2136 Chisel Hittite level Carpentry/masonry Settlement 14.1 ce = 1.2 Müller-Karpe 1994, 245, pl 74.14; Von der Osten 1937b, 267, fig 292, e 2070 Chisel, socketed Hittite Carpentry/masonry Settlement 12.4 ce = 0.7 Müller-Karpe 1994, 246, pl 75.19; Von der Osten 1937b, 266, fig 291, e2323 Implement, engraver Hittite level Small crafts Settlement 9.1 socket = 0.95; Müller-Karpe 1994, 246, pl 75.21;Esin 1969, 126, 170, type 25a, nr. 17805; Von der Osten 1937b 266, fig 291, d, 2964 Mold for bar ingots Period of Hittite empires Metallurgical Settlement 13.7 12.4 Müller-Karpe 1994, 197 pl 15.4; Von der Osten 1937b, 273, 281 fig. 306, #e674; Przeworski 1939, 109, 111. Mold for Ax? Period of Hittite empires Metallurgical Settlement 8 Müller-Karpe 1994, 198 pl 17.6; Von der Osten 1937, 230; 235, fig 263, e 2155 Mold, stone Hittite level Metallurgical Settlement 8.2 5.5 Müller-Karpe 1994, 199 pl 20.5; Von der Osten 1937, 230, 234 fig 262, c 2408 Mold for Axs Hittite level Metallurgical Settlement 9 8.7 Müller-Karpe 1994, 204, pl 34.1; Von der Osten 1937: 234, 236, fig 262, d2852 Mold for Ax Hittite level Metallurgical Settlement 9.7 9 Müller-Karpe 1994, 210 pl 44.4; Von der Osten 1937, 230, 235, fig 262, d 2776 Mold for bar Hittite level Metallurgical Settlement 7.3 Müller-Karpe 1994, 212 pl 49.6; Von der Osten 1937b, 235, fig 263, d 294 Mold for ornament Hittite level Metallurgical Settlement 11.33 7.45 Müller-Karpe 1994, 216 pl 54.7; Von der Osten 1937, 235, fig 263, e 2316 Mold for ornament Period of the Hittite empire Metallurgical Settlement 7.5 6.3 Müller-Karpe 1994, 217 pl 55.6; Von der Osten 1937: 230, 235 fig 263, d 2016 Mold cover Alishar Höyük - EIA? Hittite empire period Metallurgical Settlement 6 4.2 Müller-Karpe 1994, 223 pl 61.1; Von der Osten 1937, 235 fig. 262, d 233 Knife End of the 2nd to the start of the Utilitarian 1st millennium BC; level Settlement IV Deshayes 2415; Alishar 1930-32, II, p. 442, fig 495, c400 Amasya area - 2nd millennium Chisel Beycesultan - MBA Carpentry/masonry Burial 8.1 ce = 0.75 Müller-Karpe 1994, 232 pl 68.4 Awl level 4b Small crafts Settlement 11.55 cm tip = 0.2 cm Mellaart and Murray 1995, 130, c28, fig O3 Awl level 5 Small crafts Settlement 12.3 cm tip = 0.4 cm Mellaart and Murray 1995, 129, c16 Awl Level 4b Small crafts Settlement 4.4 cm middle = 0.4 cm Mellaart and Murray 1995, 130, c29, fig O3 Awl or drill Level 5 Small crafts Settlement 10.9 cm tip = 0.15 cm Mellaart and Murray 1995, 129, c.15 Ax, trunnion/lugged Level 5 Carpentry/masonry Settlement Mellaart and Murray 1995, 129, d.17, fig O.2 Ax, trunnion/lugged Level 4a Carpentry/masonry Settlement Mellaart and Murray 1995, 130, b35, fig O4 Ax, trunnion/lugged Level 4 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 16.3 cm ce = 4.3 cm Mellaart and Murray 1995, 131, c46; Erkanal 1977, 7 entry 43, pl 4.43 Ax, trunnion/lugged Level 4; Carpentry/masonry Settlement 18.1 cm ce = 4.85 cm Mellaart and Murray 1995, 131, c45,Deshayes 1046; Erkanal 1977, 7 entry 42, pl 4.42 Ax, single/flat or razor Level 4a Carpentry/masonry and utilitarian Settlement 11 cm ce =3.35 cm Mellaart and Murray 1995, 130, B36, fig O4 Chisel level 5 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 9.7 cm ce = 0.8 cm Mellaart and Murray 1995, 128, c.9, fig O.1, Chisel, tanged level 5 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 4.7 cm ce = 0.45 cm Mellaart and Murray 1995, 129, c.10, fig O.1 Chisel Level 5 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 11.5 cm ce = 0.8 cm Mellaart and Murray 1995, 129, c.11, fig O.1 Chisel Level 5 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 11.95 cm ce = 0.55 cm Mellaart and Murray 1995, 129, c.12; fig O.1 Chisel Level 4b Carpentry/masonry Settlement 9 cm ce =0.3 Mellaart and Murray 1995,130, c30, fig O3, level 4b Chisel, socketed level 5 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 8.05 cm ce = 0.6 cm Mellaart and Murray 1995, 128, c.8, fig O.1 (?) Chisel-like implement Level 5 Small crafts Settlement 14.9 cm ce = 0.6 cm Mellaart and Murray 1995, 128, c. 7, fig O.1; Deshayes 29; AS, V (1955), p. 91, fig. 21, 15 and 16 Implement Level 5 Small crafts Settlement 6.2 cm ce = 0.25 cm Mellaart and Murray 1995, 129, c. 13 Pointed tool Beycesultan - LBA Level 5 Small crafts Settlement 11.7 cm 0.9 cm Mellaart and Murray 1995, 129, c.14, fig O.1 Awl Level 2 Small crafts Settlement 6.75 cm greatest = 0.45 cm Mellaart and Murray 1995, 134, c96, fig. O7 Awl or chisel bit Level 3 Small crafts Settlement 7.2 cm middle = 0.35 cm Mellaart and Murray 1995, 132, c73 Ax, trunnion/lugged Level 3 Carpentry/masonry Settlement Mellaart and Murray 1995, 132, c76, fig. O6, Ax, trunnion/lugged Level 2; 13th century Carpentry/masonry Settlement 21 cm ce =5.7 cm Mellaart and Murray 1995, 135, c 112, fig O10, Deshayes 1101; Erkanal 1977, 6 entry 33, pl 3.33 Chisel Level I Carpentry/masonry Settlement 7.6 cm ce = 0.5 cm Mellaart and Murray 1995, 136, c140, fig. O.11 Chisel Level 3 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 10.8 cm ce = 2.2 cm Mellaart and Murray 1995, 132, c. 70, fig O6 ANATOLIA TOOLS 631
Page 1:
Middle and Late Bronze Age Metal To
Page 4 and 5:
investigation of the carpentry/maso
Page 6 and 7:
Volume 1 CHAPTER 1: TABLE OF CONTEN
Page 8 and 9:
Sites from the Greek islands 202 Si
Page 10 and 11:
LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1: Shaft-hol
Page 12 and 13:
Figure 3.12: Distribution of metall
Page 14 and 15:
Figure 4.28: Map showing MBA carpen
Page 16 and 17:
Plate 4.33: Double adze from Enkomi
Page 18 and 19:
Plate 5.29: Orchomenos tool kit, Ch
Page 20 and 21:
Several fellowships provided financ
Page 22 and 23:
administrative staff at the college
Page 24 and 25:
MBA 2000- 1600 LBA 1600- 1050 CHRON
Page 26 and 27:
in the Aegean. 2 Small copper imple
Page 28 and 29:
een easier with metal tools than st
Page 30 and 31:
extremely scarce and the dearth of
Page 32 and 33:
extraordinary number of metal tools
Page 34 and 35:
this observation is astonishing sin
Page 36 and 37:
Danube (IVe au IIe millénaire). Wh
Page 38 and 39:
Mycenaean tool repertoire, yet some
Page 40 and 41:
Chapter 2: Avenues for metallurgica
Page 42 and 43:
cited as evidence for metallurgical
Page 44 and 45:
ecycled items. Final products like
Page 46 and 47:
ich published dataset, only a few s
Page 48 and 49:
Quantities of raw metal were widely
Page 50 and 51:
Turkey. Upon touring these sites, i
Page 52 and 53:
The method for interpreting data fr
Page 54 and 55:
second millennium BC. Such cases ar
Page 56 and 57:
study area (from Cyprus), and its i
Page 58 and 59:
are sufficiently differentiated fro
Page 60 and 61:
his reconsideration of third millen
Page 62 and 63:
to Catling, a violent purpose for t
Page 64 and 65:
Different tool names may imply diss
Page 66 and 67:
chisels. Categories 2 and 4 occur f
Page 68 and 69:
detail for the carpentry/masonry to
Page 70 and 71:
Isthmia region throughout the histo
Page 72 and 73:
Gender responsibilities are investi
Page 74 and 75:
Chapter 3: Metal tools in the secon
Page 76 and 77:
double adze from the Enkomi Gunnis
Page 78 and 79:
The link between a craftsperson and
Page 80 and 81:
specialized and intended for specif
Page 82 and 83:
III: The relationship of stone, bon
Page 84 and 85:
durability. Stone cutting objects b
Page 86 and 87:
information together. In the Aegean
Page 88 and 89:
In addition to greater amounts of t
Page 90 and 91:
y region may reflect social and cra
Page 92 and 93:
database entries whose contextual c
Page 94 and 95:
accurately account for the internal
Page 96 and 97:
given to stockpiled tools. Thirty-f
Page 98 and 99:
the larger and stronger metal types
Page 100 and 101:
hoes/plowshares were preferred in b
Page 102 and 103:
ather than a shipwreck. 165 Yet, li
Page 104 and 105:
ideograms. 173 The Linear B ideogra
Page 106 and 107:
The relative absence of Aegean digg
Page 108 and 109:
goods were redistributed in two dis
Page 110 and 111:
Bronze Age Mediterranean climate is
Page 112 and 113:
frequency of these tools, however,
Page 114 and 115:
mandated a striking implement. Wood
Page 116 and 117:
patterns occur despite the fact tha
Page 118 and 119:
is even more striking when compared
Page 120 and 121:
quantities, actual smiths are menti
Page 122 and 123:
The presence of metallurgical tools
Page 124 and 125:
metal smiths moved throughout the l
Page 126 and 127:
Site size and contextual analysis s
Page 128 and 129:
is significant, as both regions wer
Page 130 and 131:
the prominent LBA object type (53.6
Page 132 and 133:
cannot always aid functional interp
Page 134 and 135:
due in large part to 1) palatial li
Page 136 and 137:
punches, borers, undefined implemen
Page 138 and 139:
include bandages, pack-saddles, rei
Page 140 and 141:
egion. The proportions of carpentry
Page 142 and 143:
instruments during the course of th
Page 144 and 145:
Cretan patterns (Fig. 3.31a): The r
Page 146 and 147:
Despite the greater tool diversity,
Page 148 and 149:
Syria-Palestine. The status of the
Page 150 and 151:
distribution, as the category is qu
Page 152 and 153:
differences in the consumption of t
Page 154 and 155:
comparable to modern rulers and tap
Page 156 and 157:
probably influenced from the east,
Page 158 and 159:
Palestine and Anatolia. There are n
Page 160 and 161:
4.2). 316 Similar blades are known
Page 162 and 163:
part of a metal hoard that was stas
Page 164 and 165:
Whether the double ax was an implem
Page 166 and 167:
few select palaces (e.g. Mycenae, A
Page 168 and 169:
specimens (Evely’s Type 4 lists s
Page 170 and 171:
conveys how chisels, single axes, s
Page 172 and 173:
functional differences. An implemen
Page 174 and 175:
The tool type is common in Anatolia
Page 176 and 177:
their size alone (Fig. 4.4), and th
Page 178 and 179:
mortuary contexts, thus confirming
Page 180 and 181:
were incorporated into double-ended
Page 182 and 183:
Phornou Korifi, Myrtos, and Ayia Ph
Page 184 and 185:
Size 1 (0.5 cm or less) Size 2 (0.6
Page 186 and 187:
carving out deep mortises in wooden
Page 188 and 189:
Mycenaean and Cypriot contexts, whi
Page 190 and 191:
the socket may be that a wooden sha
Page 192 and 193:
worn and battered from use; this da
Page 194 and 195:
the early 12 th century: “It may
Page 196 and 197:
Syria-Palestine 2 - 2 - Shipwrecks
Page 198 and 199:
of shafted double hammers is also f
Page 200 and 201:
in the Brunnen 212 hoard was conver
Page 202 and 203:
mainland and may have aided drillin
Page 204 and 205:
The tubular drill was first devised
Page 206 and 207:
siderópetra (hard limestone known
Page 208 and 209:
egularly considered to be absent fr
Page 210 and 211:
together two sides of a handle, a f
Page 212 and 213:
implement, it was employed from tim
Page 214 and 215:
70 percent of the catalogue (79 out
Page 216 and 217:
3. Saws with a straight blade top a
Page 218 and 219:
ounded tip end with teeth (Plate 4.
Page 220 and 221:
consumer. Cretan carpentry/masonry
Page 222 and 223:
and Knossos, seemingly reflecting t
Page 224 and 225:
Ayia Marina 1 1 chisel Gona (Macedo
Page 226 and 227:
Ithaka-Polis 3 - 3 - 1 single/flat
Page 228 and 229:
are reported from Ayia Irini, altho
Page 230 and 231:
the island in the MBA. The distribu
Page 232 and 233:
MBA site Total carpentry - masonry
Page 234 and 235:
eported here. Despite this caveat,
Page 236 and 237:
MBA site Total carpentry - masonry
Page 238 and 239:
4.21). Minoan double axes and saws
Page 240 and 241:
diameters are 5 cm and greater) mus
Page 242 and 243:
(like Minoan types) as opposed to t
Page 244 and 245:
Although traces of Anatolian or Ana
Page 246 and 247:
common to Crete and Cyprus. The sin
Page 248 and 249:
double ax forms, implies that the c
Page 250 and 251:
carpentry/masonry tools contribute
Page 252 and 253:
organized.” 530 My assertion rega
Page 254 and 255:
type of diversity that may mark a t
Page 256 and 257:
of fragmentation practices restrict
Page 258 and 259:
final stage of the metal working: t
Page 260 and 261:
shaped razor. 545 A similar collect
Page 262 and 263:
workshops were easier to identify i
Page 264 and 265:
definition of a hoard as “a group
Page 266 and 267:
some hoards contained thousands of
Page 268 and 269:
Discerning founders’ hoards from
Page 270 and 271:
most assemblages were destined for
Page 272 and 273:
often selected according to certain
Page 274 and 275:
economic approach to hoarding must
Page 276 and 277:
lacks contextual information or chr
Page 278 and 279:
of objects from Mochlos also produc
Page 280 and 281:
unrelated objects; and 3) the tradi
Page 282 and 283:
as rare. Only two Cretan hoards con
Page 284 and 285:
of comparison, there are 87 double
Page 286 and 287:
data coded in this manner, it becam
Page 288 and 289:
The similarity of the Tiryns hoard
Page 290 and 291:
axes, and drills. Awls/engravers an
Page 292 and 293:
functional interpretation of that a
Page 294 and 295:
e-casting metal, which required hot
Page 296 and 297:
524) has shaft-hole sidewalls of di
Page 298 and 299:
were consciously formed and likely
Page 300 and 301:
saws, ax-adzes, a broad chisel, dou
Page 302 and 303:
oxhide ingot fragments and metallur
Page 304 and 305:
metallurgical and agricultural tool
Page 306 and 307:
Tsountas (Mycenae), Kalydon-Psoroli
Page 308 and 309:
Carpentry or masonry utensils repre
Page 310 and 311:
stone-working tools included sixtee
Page 312 and 313:
tools. One has a wide, deformed ham
Page 314 and 315:
tool kit). Diversity is a hallmark
Page 316 and 317:
V. The metal objects from shipwreck
Page 318 and 319:
Tool or object Uluburun (total 65+)
Page 320 and 321:
occurrence is a definite sign of a
Page 322 and 323:
implements in one context comes fro
Page 324 and 325:
Foundry and Sinda hoards, but other
Page 326 and 327:
tool distribution patterns in hoard
Page 328 and 329:
only sporadically in burials and wo
Page 330 and 331:
combination adze forms (double adze
Page 332 and 333:
produced a monograph specifically o
Page 334 and 335:
are currently in progress and will
Page 336 and 337:
thriving metallurgical and craft in
Page 338 and 339:
of Middle Cypriot tools, however, i
Page 340 and 341:
number of utilitarian and small cra
Page 342 and 343:
extremely limited in comparison to
Page 344 and 345:
metallurgical operations are plenti
Page 346 and 347:
absent. 758 The Linear B tablets at
Page 348 and 349:
The Cypriot copper industry reached
Page 350 and 351:
implements comprise 45% of the regi
Page 352 and 353:
the preferences commonly found with
Page 354 and 355:
possible that merchants, metal smit
Page 356 and 357:
Syria-Palestine is not accidental,
Page 358 and 359:
specifically adze variations (e.g.
Page 360 and 361:
likelihood, these implements were u
Page 362 and 363:
Two elongated chisels from Mycenae
Page 364 and 365:
cutting edges wider than the object
Page 366 and 367:
are collectively known from Crete a
Page 368 and 369:
The distribution of shaft-hole axes
Page 370 and 371:
this form are unknown in the Aegean
Page 372 and 373:
artisans trained in a Minoan style?
Page 374 and 375:
transfer of painted plaster moved f
Page 376 and 377:
producing and consuming metal tools
Page 378 and 379:
the Argolid acquired specialized Hi
Page 380 and 381:
traveled from region to region prac
Page 382 and 383:
A complete study of metal tools req
Page 384 and 385:
Dissertation Bibliography Agouridis
Page 386 and 387:
BC, edited by A. B. Knapp. Altamont
Page 388 and 389:
Austin: Université de Liège; Univ
Page 390 and 391:
Calder, W. M., and D. A. Traill, ed
Page 392 and 393:
Cline, E., and A. Yasur-Landau. 200
Page 394 and 395:
des maisons et quartiers d'habitati
Page 396 and 397:
Ellis, R. S. 1968. Foundation Depos
Page 398 and 399:
Gale, N. H., and Z. A. Stos-Gale. 1
Page 400 and 401:
Laffineur and P. P. Betancourt. Li
Page 402 and 403:
Homerica, edited by H.-G. Buchholz
Page 404 and 405:
Marinatos. Stockholm: Svenska Insti
Page 406 and 407:
———. 2004. Wheat, Barley, Flo
Page 408 and 409:
London, G. A. 2002. Women Potters a
Page 410 and 411:
33: 61-87. Moran, W. L., ed. 1992.
Page 412 and 413:
Nebelsick, L. 2000. Rent Asunder: R
Page 414 and 415:
Oldest Capital City of the Hittites
Page 416 and 417:
Poursat, J.-C. 1978. Travaux de L'
Page 418 and 419:
Ruscillo, D. 2006. Catalogue of Mis
Page 420 and 421:
———. 2006a. Catalogue of Misc
Page 422 and 423:
Stewart, J. 1961. The Early Bronze
Page 424 and 425:
Metallurgy in the Bronze Age. Proce
Page 426 and 427:
Walberg, G. 1998. Excavations on th
Page 428 and 429:
Seventh International Symposium at
Page 430 and 431:
Volume 2 APPENDIX 1: Figures (diagr
Page 432 and 433:
Total quantity 2000 1500 1000 500 0
Page 434 and 435:
Carpentry/ masonry 2253 (42.4%) Fig
Page 436 and 437:
Figure 3.5b - Agricultural tools: q
Page 438 and 439:
Figure 3.9d - Cyprus LBA quantities
Page 440 and 441:
Medium, 67 Figure 3.11 - Distributi
Page 442 and 443:
Billet = 1 Mold = 1 Wedge, socketed
Page 444 and 445:
Percentage 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
Page 446 and 447:
Quantity Quantity 1400 1200 1000 80
Page 448 and 449:
2 nd mill. (n=17) Spatula/scraper =
Page 450 and 451:
General 2 nd millennium (n=20) Knif
Page 452 and 453:
Total quantity 400 300 200 100 0 17
Page 454 and 455:
Figure 3.26b: Carpentry/Masonry too
Page 456 and 457:
Single/flat ax (n=370) 185 (40.7%)
Page 458 and 459:
General 2 nd millennium (n=21) Sing
Page 460 and 461:
General 2 nd millennium (n=89) Shaf
Page 462 and 463:
Figure 4.1: Shaft-hole axes: region
Page 464 and 465:
Figure 4.2: Doubles axes: regional
Page 466 and 467:
Cutting edge width (cm) 12 10 8 6 4
Page 468 and 469:
Tool series N Mean of ratio Standar
Page 470 and 471:
Figure 4.7: Single/flat axes: regio
Page 472 and 473:
Cutting edge width (cm) 8 7 6 5 4 3
Page 474 and 475:
Figure 4.10: Chisels: Scatter plots
Page 476 and 477:
Cutting edge width (cm) 7 6 5 4 3 2
Page 478 and 479:
Chisels by size Number Ratio Mean S
Page 480 and 481:
Cutting edge width (cm) 3 2.5 2 1.5
Page 482 and 483:
Figure 4.17: Ax-adzes: regions meas
Page 484 and 485:
Figure 4.19: Hollow cylindrical met
Page 486 and 487:
Figure 4.20 continued: Saw measurem
Page 488 and 489:
G,1 (30) F3, (2) F2, (2) E2, (2) E1
Page 490 and 491:
F3, (7) F2, (9) F1, (11) G1, (37) E
Page 492 and 493:
F2, (2) F3, (1) G1, (4) E1, (27) E2
Page 494 and 495:
1-5 6-15 16-30 31-50 51-100 100 + S
Page 496 and 497:
Figure 5.1: Tool frequencies and di
Page 498 and 499:
Figure 5.2 continued - Hoards from
Page 500 and 501:
Figure 5.3 continued - Hoards from
Page 502 and 503:
Hoards: 1 - 13 are from Crete 1: Sa
Page 509 and 510:
40 51 19 38 34 45 48 33 36 46 28 29
Page 511 and 512:
Proximity Matrix for the tool types
Page 513 and 514:
Narrow chisel Flat/single ax Shaft-
Page 515 and 516:
Plate 4.3: Shaft-hole ax from Cypru
Page 517 and 518:
Plate 4.9: Andronianoi (Euboea) dou
Page 519 and 520:
Plate 4.15 Single/flat ax from Kata
Page 521 and 522:
Plate 4.22: Chisel of size 3; Enkom
Page 523 and 524:
Plate 4.33: Double adze: from the G
Page 525 and 526:
Plate 4.39: Trésor de Bronzes adze
Page 527 and 528:
Plate 4.47: Saw type 3: Boğazköy-
Page 529 and 530:
Plate 5.1: Katamachi hoard - Ioanni
Page 531 and 532:
Plate 5.7: MX 541 - Double or singl
Page 533 and 534:
Plate 5.13: Chisel fragment; MX 519
Page 535 and 536:
Tsountas hoard, double axes 9 doubl
Page 537 and 538:
Plate 5.23: Double ax fragment-Anth
Page 539 and 540:
Plate 5.27: Enkomi Gunnis Hoard - (
Page 541 and 542:
L: hammer-adze R: double adze fragm
Page 543 and 544:
Appendix 3: Second Millennium BC Me
Page 545 and 546:
Carpentry/masonry tools 1 total: 1
Page 547 and 548:
Tool count and frequency 4 (14.3%)
Page 549 and 550:
Other objects 2 awls, 1 large scrap
Page 551 and 552:
Tool count and frequency 4 (44.4%)
Page 553 and 554:
15 th -14 th century: LH II - IIIA1
Page 555 and 556:
Other objects 1 bronze weight with
Page 557 and 558:
Likelihood of hoard Definite 46. Gr
Page 559 and 560:
Nicosia, Cyprus Museum (inv. Enkomi
Page 561 and 562:
Bibliography Taylor 1957, 20, 86-90
Page 563 and 564:
(…/1520.12,13,14,15); 18 castings
Page 565 and 566:
cauldron fragments), 1 ingot fragme
Page 567 and 568:
Other objects 45 sickles, 3 swords,
Page 569 and 570:
Context and date of 46.3, 47.1-4 Pi
Page 571 and 572:
Sites & Object types Specific date
Page 573 and 574:
Page 575 and 576:
Page 577 and 578:
Page 579 and 580:
Page 581 and 582:
Page 583 and 584:
Page 585 and 586:
Page 587 and 588:
Page 589 and 590:
Page 591 and 592:
Page 593 and 594:
Page 595 and 596:
Sites & Object types Specific objec
Page 597 and 598:
Page 599 and 600:
Page 601 and 602:
Page 603 and 604: Sites & Object types Lefkas: genera
Page 605 and 606: Sites & Object types Specific objec
Page 621 and 622: Sites & Object types Specific perio
Page 653: Sites & Object types Specific objec
Page 691: Sites & Object types Specific perio
show all

Middle and Late Bronze Age Metal Tools from the Aegean, Eastern ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?