Middle and Late Bronze Age Metal Tools from the Aegean, Eastern ...

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Sites & Object types Specific object date Tool type category Context L W Bibliography Plowshare LC IIC or LC IIIA Agricultural Hoard, Foundry Schaeffer 1952; Catling 1964, 278-281; Matthäus and Schumacher-Matthäus 1986, 173-174. Plowshare LC IIC or LC IIIA Agricultural Hoard, Foundry Schaeffer 1952; Catling 1964, 278-281; Matthäus and Schumacher-Matthäus 1986, 173-174. Plowshare LC IIC or LC IIIA Agricultural Hoard, Foundry Schaeffer 1952; Catling 1964, 278-281; Matthäus and Schumacher-Matthäus 1986, 173-174. Plowshare fragment LC IIC or LC IIIA Agricultural Hoard, Foundry Schaeffer 1952; Catling 1964, 278-281; Matthäus and Schumacher-Matthäus 1986, 173-174. Plowshare LC IIC or LC IIIA Agricultural Hoard, Foundry Schaeffer 1952; Catling 1964, 278-281; Matthäus and Schumacher-Matthäus 1986, 173-174. Plowshare LC IIC or LC IIIA Agricultural Hoard, Foundry Schaeffer 1952; Catling 1964, 278-281; Matthäus and Schumacher-Matthäus 1986, 173-174. Plowshare LC IIC or LC IIIA Agricultural Hoard, Foundry Schaeffer 1952; Catling 1964, 278-281; Matthäus and Schumacher-Matthäus 1986, 173-174. Plowshare LC IIC or LC IIIA Agricultural Hoard, Foundry Schaeffer 1952; Catling 1964, 278-281; Matthäus and Schumacher-Matthäus 1986, 173-174. Plowshare LC IIC or LC IIIA Agricultural Hoard - Gunnis Catling 1964, 281-82; Matthäus and Schumacher-Matthäus 1986, 174 Plowshare LC IIC or LC IIIA Agricultural Hoard - Gunnis Catling 1964, 281-82; Matthäus and Schumacher-Matthäus 1986, 174 Plowshare Agricultural Hoard? Maison des Bronzes? 18.8 blade = 7.05 Catling 1964, 90 Plowshare Agricultural Hoard - Stylianou Catling 1964, 285.; Karageorghis 1959, 338, figure 2 Plowshare Agricultural Hoard - Stylianou 23.5 blade tip = 7.7 Catling 1964, 285; Karageorghis 1959, 338, figure 2 Plowshare Agricultural Hoard - Stylianou Catling 1964, 285; Karageorghis 1959, 338, figure 2 Plowshare Late LC IIC or LC IIIA Agricultural Hoard, Brunnen 212 19.8 blade = 6.6 Lagarce 1971; Matthaus 1985, 363ff; Matthäus and Schumacher-Matthäus 1986, 175. Plowshare Agricultural Settlement 18.8 cm tip = 7.95 cm Catling 1964, plate 4b; Dikaios 1969, plate 126.19a; figure 153.13 Plowshare LC III Agricultural Settlement Courtois et al. 1984, 18, entry 134, figure 9.6 Plowshare, socketed LC III Agricultural Settlement 7.6 cm 3.2 cm Courtois et al. 1984, 18, entry 139, figure 6.8 Plowshare Agricultural Settlement Catling 1964 Plowshare 12th century BC Agricultural Settlement ca 20 cm Deshayes 1217, page 139; Enkomi, p. 29, pl. LXV, 8 Plowshare 12th century BC Agricultural Settlement ca 18.5 cm Deshayes 1218, page 139, plate XVII.5; Enkomi, p. 29, pl. LXV, 9 Pointed objects Small crafts Settlement 6.2&4.25 cm 0.4-0.7 Courtois et al. 1984, 24, entry 209, figure 5.16-18 Possible tool? LC IIIB or early LC IIIC Small crafts Hoard, miniature Catling 1964, 288; Dikaios 1969, 295-296, plates 36.4 and 146.21; Matthaus 1985, 48ff; Matthäus and Schumacher-Mat Pruning hook LC IIC or LC IIIA Agricultural Hoard, Foundry Schaeffer 1952; Catling 1964, 278-281; Matthäus and Schumacher-Matthäus 1986, 173-174. Saw with teeth LC IIC or LC IIIA Carpentry/masonry Hoard, Foundry 7.75 2.0-4.0 Schaeffer 1952; Catling 1964, 278-281; Matthäus and Schumacher-Matthäus 1986, 173-174. Saw with teeth LC IIC or LC IIIA Carpentry/masonry Hoard, Foundry 3.25 2.25 Schaeffer 1952; Catling 1964, 278-281; Matthäus and Schumacher-Matthäus 1986, 173-174. Scraper or knife 12th century Utilitarian Settlement Deshayes 3052, pg 376, plate XLIX.19; Enkomi, p. 43, fig. 3.22 Shepherd's crook, socketedLC IIIA Ritual or prestige item Hoard -Trésor de Bronzes 7.3 8.2 Schaeffer 1952, 37ff, figures 1-4, plates ii-iii; Shepherd's crook, socketed Ritual or prestige item Hoard - Stylianou 14.1 Catling 1964, 285; Karageorghis 1959, 338, figure 2 Shovel, charcoal LC IIC or LC IIIA Metallurgical Hoard, Foundry Schaeffer 1952; Catling 1964, 278-281; Matthäus and Schumacher-Matthäus 1986, 173-174. Shovel, charcoal LC IIC or LC IIIA Metallurgical Hoard, Foundry Schaeffer 1952; Catling 1964, 278-281; Matthäus and Schumacher-Matthäus 1986, 173-174. Shovel, charcoal LC IIC or LC IIIA Metallurgical Hoard, Foundry Schaeffer 1952; Catling 1964, 278-281; Matthäus and Schumacher-Matthäus 1986, 173-174. Shovel, charcoal LC IIC or LC IIIA Metallurgical Hoard - Gunnis 13.5 9.5 Catling 1964, 101 entry 4, Fig. 11:6, Plate 10:f. ; Matthäus and Schumacher-Matthäus 1986, 174 Shovel, socketed LC IIC or LC IIIA Agricultural Hoard - Gunnis Catling 1964, 281-82; Matthäus and Schumacher-Matthäus 1986, 174 Shovel, socketed LC IIC or LC IIIA Agricultural Hoard - Gunnis Catling 1964, 281-82; Matthäus and Schumacher-Matthäus 1986, 174 Shovel, socketed Agricultural Hoard - Stylianou Karageorghis 1959, 338, figure 2; Catling 1964, 285. Shovel, socketed LC II - Knapp Agricultural Hoard - point 438 29.8 shovel tip= 17 Courtois 1982, 166; Matthäus and Schumacher-Matthäus 1986, 175. Courtois et al. 1984, 38, entry 323, figure 9.4 and p Shovel 12th century Agricultural Settlement 23.5 cm Deshayes 3036, page 375, plate XLIX,7; Enkomi, p. 29, pl. LXV, 2 Sickle, socketed LC IIC or LC IIIA Agricultural Hoard, Foundry Schaeffer 1952; Catling 1964, 278-281; Matthäus and Schumacher-Matthäus 1986, 173-174. Sickle LC IIC or LC IIIA Agricultural Hoard, Foundry Schaeffer 1952; Catling 1964, 278-281; Matthäus and Schumacher-Matthäus 1986, 173-174. Sickle, tanged Agricultural Hoard -Stylianou Catling 1964, 285; Karageorghis 1959, 338, figure 2 Sickle, tanged Agricultural Hoard -Stylianou 18.3 tip = 1.4 Catling 1964, 285; Karageorghis 1959, 338, figure 2 Sickle, tanged Agricultural Hoard -Stylianou Catling 1964, 285; Karageorghis 1959, 338, figure 2 Sickle Agricultural Hoard -Stylianou Catling 1964, 285; Karageorghis 1959, 338, figure 2 Sickle, socketed Agricultural Hoard -Stylianou Catling 1964, 285; Karageorghis 1959, 338, figure 2 Sickle Agricultural Hoard -Stylianou Catling 1964, 285; Karageorghis 1959, 338, figure 2 Sickle, tanged LC IIIA Agricultural Hoard -Weapon 16.2 tip = 1.4 Catling 1964, 287ff, plate 5e; Dikaios 1969, 99, 109, plate 132.54 Sickle Agricultural Hoard -Weapon 10.4 blade tip = 2.45 Dikaios 1969, 99, 109, plate 132.45, figure 163.35; Catling 1964, 287ff... Sickle LC IIIA Agricultural Hoard, Point 1458 4.35 cm 2.2 cm Matthäus and Schumacher-Matthäus. 1986, 175 entry 11.Courtois 1982, 167; Alasia III… Courtois, J. et al. 1984, 40 no. 3 CYPRUS TOOLS 608
Sites & Object types Specific object date Tool type category Context L W Bibliography Sickle Agricultural Settlement 15.8 cm tip = 1 to 1.1 cm Dikaios 1969, figure 157.26 Sickle Agricultural Settlement 5.7 cm tip = 1.6 cm Dikaios 1969, figure 163.31 Sickle Agricultural Settlement Dikaios 1969, figure 171.41, Sickle LC II Agricultural Settlement 24.5 cm tang= 2.65-3 cm Courtois et al. 1984, figure 8.18 Sickle LC III Agricultural Settlement 11.85 cm tip =1.15 Courtois et al. 1984, figure 8.16 Sickle LC II - Knapp Agricultural Hoard - point 438 15.7 middle = 2.3 Courtois et al. 1984, 38, figure 8.14; Courtois 1982, 166; Matthäus and Schumacher-Matthäus 1986, 175. Sickle LC II - Knapp Agricultural Hoard - point 438 17 greatest = 3.05 Courtois et al. 1984, 38, entry 325 figure 8.17 Sickle 12th century BC Agricultural Settlement ca 12 cm Deshayes 2846, pg 348, 351, plate XLVII.7; Enkomi, p. 29, pl. LXV, 3 Sickle or razor Agricultural or utilitarian Settlement 12.9 cm middle = 1.6 -7 Dikaios 1969, plate 130.3, figure 157.11 Sickle, miniature Agricultural or Ritual or prestige Settlement item 7 cm 4.4 cm Dikaios 1969, plate 147.45a, figure 176.47 Small implement LC IIIB or early LC IIIC Small crafts Hoard - minature Catling 1964, 288; Dikaios 1969, 295-296, plates 36.4 and 146.21; Matthaus 1985, 48ff; Matthäus and Schumacher-Mat Small implement Utilitarian Settlement Dikaios 1969, figure 162.24 Small implement or punch Small crafts Settlement 4.3 1.1-1.25 Courtois et al. 1984, 41 entry 363, figure 14.14a Socketed chisel LC IIC or III Carpentry/masonry Settlement 11.55 cm 1.3-2.1 Courtois et al. 1984, 25 entry 216; figure 7.12 Socketed chisel LC IIC or LC IIIA Carpentry/masonry Hoard, Foundry 6.2 blade =1.7 Schaeffer 1952; Catling 1964, 278-281; Matthäus and Schumacher-Matthäus 1986, 173-174. Socketed chisel LC III Carpentry/masonry Settlement 5.6 cm 0.4-0.85 Courtois et al. 1984, 21 entry 155, figure 4.38 Socketed chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 17 tip = 1.25 Courtois et al. 1984, 24, entry 211, figure 7.11 Spatula LC IIC or LC IIIA Metallurgical Hoard, Foundry Schaeffer 1952; Catling 1964, 278-281; Matthäus and Schumacher-Matthäus 1986, 173-174. Spatula LC IIC or LC IIIA Metallurgical Hoard, Foundry Schaeffer 1952; Catling 1964, 278-281; Matthäus and Schumacher-Matthäus 1986, 173-174. Spatula LC IIIA Metallurgical? Hoard -Trésor de Bronzes 22.5 tip = 5.3 Schaeffer 1952, 37ff, figures 1-4, plates ii-iii; Courtois 1982; Matthaus and Schmacher-Matthaus 1986, 174; Catling pl. 10 Spatula Utilitarian Hoard - Stylianou Karageorghis 1959, 338, figure 2; Catling 1964, 285. Spatula LC IIIB or early LC IIIC Utilitarian Hoard - minature Catling 1964, 288; Dikaios 1969, 295-296, plates 36.4 and 146.21; Matthaus 1985, 48ff; Matthäus and Schumacher-Mat Spatula LC III Utilitarian Settlement 19.9 cm; 2.8 Courtois et al. 1984, 22 entry 172, figure 6.1 Spatula Utilitarian Settlement Spatula or chisel LC III Carpentry/masonry Settlement 6.8 cm tip = 1.15 Courtois et al. 1984, 24 entry 193, figure 4.12 Spatula or chisel Carpentry/masonry Settlement 7.9 cm tip = 1.9 Courtois et al. 1984, 28 entry 229, figure 7.1 Spatula or stylus Utilitarian Settlement 8.55 cm tip = 0.4 cm Courtois et al. 1984, 22 entry 173, figure 4.19 Stylus LC III Small crafts Settlement 15.05 cm 0.2 to 0.25 cm Courtois et al. 1984, 20 entry 150, figure 4.14 Stylus Small crafts Settlement 3.75 cm 0.8 cm Courtois et al. 1984, 21, entry 157, figure 5.12 Stylus Small crafts Settlement 9.3 0.1-0.25 Courtois et al. 1984, 22 entry 176, no picture Stylus Small crafts Settlement 14.5 0.75 Courtois et al. 1984, 21, entry 158, figure 5.15 Stylus or awl LC III Small crafts Settlement 16.5 cm 0.7 cm Courtois et al. 1984, 21, entry 156, figure 4.56 Stylus or spatula LC III Utilitarian Settlement 5.85 cm 0.5 cm Courtois et al. 1984, 24 entry 196; no picture published (or see 22 entry 174, figure 4.29-30) Stylus or spatula LC III Utilitarian Settlement 4.1 cm 0.5 cm Courtois et al. 1984, 24 entry 196; no picture published (or see 22 entry 174, figure 4.29-30) Stylus? Small crafts Settlement 10.4 tip = 0.15 Courtois et al. 1984, 25 entry 214; figure 5.28 Stylus? Small crafts Settlement 8 0.1-0.3 Courtois et al. 1984, 41, entry 369, figure 5.10 Swage block late 12th century Metallurgical Settlement Catling 1964, 275 entry 1, plate 51 d and e Tongs Enkomi - EIA? LC IIC or LC IIIA Metallurgical Hoard, Foundry Schaeffer 1952; Catling 1964, 278-281; Matthäus and Schumacher-Matthäus 1986, 173-174. Sickle Ephtagonia - MBA Iron age Agricultural Settlement Courtois et al. 1984, figure 8.15 and 8.19 Knife MC III or MC II-LC I Utilitarian Burial 8 cm 2 cm Swiny 1986, 72-3 figure 65 Knife MC II to MC III Utilitarian Burial, 1.4 7.1 cm 1.5 cm Swiny 1986, 72 figure 65; Balthazar 1990, 334, table 85 Knife MC Utilitarian Burial, 1.3 8.0+ cm Swiny 1986, 72, figure 65; Balthazar 1990, 336, table 88 Episkopi Phaneromeni - LBA Awl MC III-LC I Small crafts Settlement, room 3 6.2 cm 0.3 cm Swiny 1986, 83, figure 63; Balthazar 1990, 374 Awl MC III - LC I Small crafts Settlement 5 cm 0.3 cm Swiny 1986, 83; Balthazar 1990, 374 Knife MC III-LC I Utilitarian Settlement, room 9 9.8 cm 2 cm Swiny 1986, 69, entry M16, fgirue 63; Balthazar 1990, 339, table 91 Knife MC III - LC I Utilitarian Settlement, Area 20 9.9 cm 2.4 cm Swiny 1986, 70, entry M34, figure 63; Balthazar 1990, 339, table 91 CYPRUS TOOLS 609
Page 1:
Middle and Late Bronze Age Metal To
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investigation of the carpentry/maso
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Volume 1 CHAPTER 1: TABLE OF CONTEN
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Sites from the Greek islands 202 Si
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LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1: Shaft-hol
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Figure 3.12: Distribution of metall
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Figure 4.28: Map showing MBA carpen
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Plate 4.33: Double adze from Enkomi
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Plate 5.29: Orchomenos tool kit, Ch
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Several fellowships provided financ
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administrative staff at the college
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MBA 2000- 1600 LBA 1600- 1050 CHRON
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in the Aegean. 2 Small copper imple
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een easier with metal tools than st
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extremely scarce and the dearth of
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extraordinary number of metal tools
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this observation is astonishing sin
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Danube (IVe au IIe millénaire). Wh
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Mycenaean tool repertoire, yet some
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Chapter 2: Avenues for metallurgica
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cited as evidence for metallurgical
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ecycled items. Final products like
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ich published dataset, only a few s
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Quantities of raw metal were widely
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Turkey. Upon touring these sites, i
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The method for interpreting data fr
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second millennium BC. Such cases ar
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study area (from Cyprus), and its i
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are sufficiently differentiated fro
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his reconsideration of third millen
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to Catling, a violent purpose for t
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Different tool names may imply diss
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chisels. Categories 2 and 4 occur f
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detail for the carpentry/masonry to
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Isthmia region throughout the histo
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Gender responsibilities are investi
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Chapter 3: Metal tools in the secon
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double adze from the Enkomi Gunnis
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The link between a craftsperson and
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specialized and intended for specif
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III: The relationship of stone, bon
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durability. Stone cutting objects b
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information together. In the Aegean
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In addition to greater amounts of t
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y region may reflect social and cra
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database entries whose contextual c
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accurately account for the internal
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given to stockpiled tools. Thirty-f
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the larger and stronger metal types
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hoes/plowshares were preferred in b
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ather than a shipwreck. 165 Yet, li
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ideograms. 173 The Linear B ideogra
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The relative absence of Aegean digg
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goods were redistributed in two dis
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Bronze Age Mediterranean climate is
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frequency of these tools, however,
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mandated a striking implement. Wood
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patterns occur despite the fact tha
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is even more striking when compared
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quantities, actual smiths are menti
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The presence of metallurgical tools
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metal smiths moved throughout the l
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Site size and contextual analysis s
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is significant, as both regions wer
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the prominent LBA object type (53.6
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cannot always aid functional interp
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due in large part to 1) palatial li
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punches, borers, undefined implemen
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include bandages, pack-saddles, rei
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egion. The proportions of carpentry
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instruments during the course of th
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Cretan patterns (Fig. 3.31a): The r
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Despite the greater tool diversity,
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Syria-Palestine. The status of the
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distribution, as the category is qu
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differences in the consumption of t
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comparable to modern rulers and tap
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probably influenced from the east,
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Palestine and Anatolia. There are n
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4.2). 316 Similar blades are known
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part of a metal hoard that was stas
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Whether the double ax was an implem
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few select palaces (e.g. Mycenae, A
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specimens (Evely’s Type 4 lists s
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conveys how chisels, single axes, s
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functional differences. An implemen
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The tool type is common in Anatolia
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their size alone (Fig. 4.4), and th
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mortuary contexts, thus confirming
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were incorporated into double-ended
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Phornou Korifi, Myrtos, and Ayia Ph
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Size 1 (0.5 cm or less) Size 2 (0.6
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carving out deep mortises in wooden
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Mycenaean and Cypriot contexts, whi
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the socket may be that a wooden sha
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worn and battered from use; this da
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the early 12 th century: “It may
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Syria-Palestine 2 - 2 - Shipwrecks
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of shafted double hammers is also f
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in the Brunnen 212 hoard was conver
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mainland and may have aided drillin
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The tubular drill was first devised
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siderópetra (hard limestone known
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egularly considered to be absent fr
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together two sides of a handle, a f
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implement, it was employed from tim
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70 percent of the catalogue (79 out
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3. Saws with a straight blade top a
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ounded tip end with teeth (Plate 4.
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consumer. Cretan carpentry/masonry
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and Knossos, seemingly reflecting t
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Ayia Marina 1 1 chisel Gona (Macedo
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Ithaka-Polis 3 - 3 - 1 single/flat
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are reported from Ayia Irini, altho
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the island in the MBA. The distribu
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MBA site Total carpentry - masonry
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eported here. Despite this caveat,
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MBA site Total carpentry - masonry
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4.21). Minoan double axes and saws
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diameters are 5 cm and greater) mus
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(like Minoan types) as opposed to t
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Although traces of Anatolian or Ana
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common to Crete and Cyprus. The sin
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double ax forms, implies that the c
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carpentry/masonry tools contribute
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organized.” 530 My assertion rega
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type of diversity that may mark a t
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of fragmentation practices restrict
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final stage of the metal working: t
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shaped razor. 545 A similar collect
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workshops were easier to identify i
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definition of a hoard as “a group
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some hoards contained thousands of
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Discerning founders’ hoards from
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most assemblages were destined for
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often selected according to certain
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economic approach to hoarding must
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lacks contextual information or chr
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of objects from Mochlos also produc
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unrelated objects; and 3) the tradi
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as rare. Only two Cretan hoards con
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of comparison, there are 87 double
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data coded in this manner, it becam
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The similarity of the Tiryns hoard
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axes, and drills. Awls/engravers an
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functional interpretation of that a
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e-casting metal, which required hot
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524) has shaft-hole sidewalls of di
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were consciously formed and likely
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saws, ax-adzes, a broad chisel, dou
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oxhide ingot fragments and metallur
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metallurgical and agricultural tool
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Tsountas (Mycenae), Kalydon-Psoroli
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Carpentry or masonry utensils repre
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stone-working tools included sixtee
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tools. One has a wide, deformed ham
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tool kit). Diversity is a hallmark
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V. The metal objects from shipwreck
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Tool or object Uluburun (total 65+)
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occurrence is a definite sign of a
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implements in one context comes fro
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Foundry and Sinda hoards, but other
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tool distribution patterns in hoard
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only sporadically in burials and wo
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combination adze forms (double adze
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produced a monograph specifically o
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are currently in progress and will
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thriving metallurgical and craft in
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of Middle Cypriot tools, however, i
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number of utilitarian and small cra
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extremely limited in comparison to
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metallurgical operations are plenti
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absent. 758 The Linear B tablets at
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The Cypriot copper industry reached
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implements comprise 45% of the regi
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the preferences commonly found with
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possible that merchants, metal smit
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Syria-Palestine is not accidental,
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specifically adze variations (e.g.
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likelihood, these implements were u
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Two elongated chisels from Mycenae
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cutting edges wider than the object
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are collectively known from Crete a
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The distribution of shaft-hole axes
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this form are unknown in the Aegean
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artisans trained in a Minoan style?
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transfer of painted plaster moved f
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producing and consuming metal tools
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the Argolid acquired specialized Hi
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traveled from region to region prac
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A complete study of metal tools req
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Dissertation Bibliography Agouridis
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BC, edited by A. B. Knapp. Altamont
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Austin: Université de Liège; Univ
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Calder, W. M., and D. A. Traill, ed
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Cline, E., and A. Yasur-Landau. 200
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des maisons et quartiers d'habitati
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Ellis, R. S. 1968. Foundation Depos
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Gale, N. H., and Z. A. Stos-Gale. 1
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Laffineur and P. P. Betancourt. Li
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Homerica, edited by H.-G. Buchholz
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Marinatos. Stockholm: Svenska Insti
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———. 2004. Wheat, Barley, Flo
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London, G. A. 2002. Women Potters a
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33: 61-87. Moran, W. L., ed. 1992.
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Nebelsick, L. 2000. Rent Asunder: R
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Oldest Capital City of the Hittites
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Poursat, J.-C. 1978. Travaux de L'
Page 418 and 419:
Ruscillo, D. 2006. Catalogue of Mis
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———. 2006a. Catalogue of Misc
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Stewart, J. 1961. The Early Bronze
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Metallurgy in the Bronze Age. Proce
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Walberg, G. 1998. Excavations on th
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Seventh International Symposium at
Page 430 and 431:
Volume 2 APPENDIX 1: Figures (diagr
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Total quantity 2000 1500 1000 500 0
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Carpentry/ masonry 2253 (42.4%) Fig
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Figure 3.5b - Agricultural tools: q
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Figure 3.9d - Cyprus LBA quantities
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Medium, 67 Figure 3.11 - Distributi
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Billet = 1 Mold = 1 Wedge, socketed
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Percentage 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
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Quantity Quantity 1400 1200 1000 80
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2 nd mill. (n=17) Spatula/scraper =
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General 2 nd millennium (n=20) Knif
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Total quantity 400 300 200 100 0 17
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Figure 3.26b: Carpentry/Masonry too
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Single/flat ax (n=370) 185 (40.7%)
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General 2 nd millennium (n=21) Sing
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General 2 nd millennium (n=89) Shaf
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Figure 4.1: Shaft-hole axes: region
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Figure 4.2: Doubles axes: regional
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Cutting edge width (cm) 12 10 8 6 4
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Tool series N Mean of ratio Standar
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Figure 4.7: Single/flat axes: regio
Page 472 and 473:
Cutting edge width (cm) 8 7 6 5 4 3
Page 474 and 475:
Figure 4.10: Chisels: Scatter plots
Page 476 and 477:
Cutting edge width (cm) 7 6 5 4 3 2
Page 478 and 479:
Chisels by size Number Ratio Mean S
Page 480 and 481:
Cutting edge width (cm) 3 2.5 2 1.5
Page 482 and 483:
Figure 4.17: Ax-adzes: regions meas
Page 484 and 485:
Figure 4.19: Hollow cylindrical met
Page 486 and 487:
Figure 4.20 continued: Saw measurem
Page 488 and 489:
G,1 (30) F3, (2) F2, (2) E2, (2) E1
Page 490 and 491:
F3, (7) F2, (9) F1, (11) G1, (37) E
Page 492 and 493:
F2, (2) F3, (1) G1, (4) E1, (27) E2
Page 494 and 495:
1-5 6-15 16-30 31-50 51-100 100 + S
Page 496 and 497:
Figure 5.1: Tool frequencies and di
Page 498 and 499:
Figure 5.2 continued - Hoards from
Page 500 and 501:
Figure 5.3 continued - Hoards from
Page 502 and 503:
Hoards: 1 - 13 are from Crete 1: Sa
Page 509 and 510:
40 51 19 38 34 45 48 33 36 46 28 29
Page 511 and 512:
Proximity Matrix for the tool types
Page 513 and 514:
Narrow chisel Flat/single ax Shaft-
Page 515 and 516:
Plate 4.3: Shaft-hole ax from Cypru
Page 517 and 518:
Plate 4.9: Andronianoi (Euboea) dou
Page 519 and 520:
Plate 4.15 Single/flat ax from Kata
Page 521 and 522:
Plate 4.22: Chisel of size 3; Enkom
Page 523 and 524:
Plate 4.33: Double adze: from the G
Page 525 and 526:
Plate 4.39: Trésor de Bronzes adze
Page 527 and 528:
Plate 4.47: Saw type 3: Boğazköy-
Page 529 and 530:
Plate 5.1: Katamachi hoard - Ioanni
Page 531 and 532:
Plate 5.7: MX 541 - Double or singl
Page 533 and 534:
Plate 5.13: Chisel fragment; MX 519
Page 535 and 536:
Tsountas hoard, double axes 9 doubl
Page 537 and 538:
Plate 5.23: Double ax fragment-Anth
Page 539 and 540:
Plate 5.27: Enkomi Gunnis Hoard - (
Page 541 and 542:
L: hammer-adze R: double adze fragm
Page 543 and 544:
Appendix 3: Second Millennium BC Me
Page 545 and 546:
Carpentry/masonry tools 1 total: 1
Page 547 and 548:
Tool count and frequency 4 (14.3%)
Page 549 and 550:
Other objects 2 awls, 1 large scrap
Page 551 and 552:
Tool count and frequency 4 (44.4%)
Page 553 and 554:
15 th -14 th century: LH II - IIIA1
Page 555 and 556:
Other objects 1 bronze weight with
Page 557 and 558:
Likelihood of hoard Definite 46. Gr
Page 559 and 560:
Nicosia, Cyprus Museum (inv. Enkomi
Page 561 and 562:
Bibliography Taylor 1957, 20, 86-90
Page 563 and 564:
(…/1520.12,13,14,15); 18 castings
Page 565 and 566:
cauldron fragments), 1 ingot fragme
Page 567 and 568:
Other objects 45 sickles, 3 swords,
Page 569 and 570:
Context and date of 46.3, 47.1-4 Pi
Page 571 and 572:
Sites & Object types Specific date
Page 573 and 574:
Page 575 and 576:
Page 577 and 578:
Page 579 and 580:
Page 581 and 582: Sites & Object types Specific date
Page 595 and 596: Sites & Object types Specific objec
Page 603 and 604: Sites & Object types Lefkas: genera
Page 621 and 622: Sites & Object types Specific perio
Page 631: Sites & Object types Specific objec
Page 683 and 684:
Sites & Object types Specific objec
Page 685 and 686:
Sites & Object types Specific objec
Page 687 and 688:
Sites & Object types Specific perio
Page 689 and 690:
Page 691:
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Middle and Late Bronze Age Metal Tools from the Aegean, Eastern ...

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