Middle and Late Bronze Age Metal Tools from the Aegean, Eastern ...

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Sites & Object types Specific object date Tool type category Context L W Bibliography Billet? LH Metallurgical Settlement 1.4 cm 0.55 cm Catling and Hughes-Brock 1992, 640; AE 1290, N 380, p1760 Billet? Metallurgical Settlement 2.8 cm 0.4 cm Catling and Hughes-Brock 1992, 643; AE 1872, N 968, p 1816 Billet? LH I-IIIA Metallurgical Settlement 3.8 cm 0.2 cm Catling and Hughes-Brock 1992, 643; AE 2844, N 1953, p 1807 Billet? Bronze rod? LH IIIB Metallurgical Settlement 5.1 cm 0.25 cm Catling and Hughes-Brock 1992, 643; AE 800g; N1062, p 1812 Chisel LH IIIA-B Carpentry/masonry Settlement 1.25 cm 1.95 cm Catling and Hughes-Brock 1992, 640… AE 1632, N 724, p. 1746 Chisel LH Carpentry/masonry Unstratified or unknown 5.8 cm tip = 0.5 cm Catling and Hughes-Brock 1992, 639; AE 1718, N 812, p 1742 Chisel fragment LH II-IIIA Carpentry/masonry Settlement 0.95 cm 1.55 cm Catling and Hughes-Brock 1992, 640… AE 2325; N1423/ p. 1745 Chisel fragment? LH IIIA2/B1 Carpentry/masonry? Settlement 2.3 cm 0.55 cm Catling and Hughes-Brock 1992, 643… AE 1659; N751/ p. 1811 Chisel tip LH IIIA2-B Carpentry/masonry Settlement 3.3 cm ce= 2 cm Catling and Hughes-Brock 1992, 639; AE ??, N 2099, p1744 Cleaver Utilitarian Burial 16.1 cm 4.3 cm McDonald and Wilkie 1992, 308; AE 777, TB 12 or TB 13; p. 1011; pit 3 Cleaver Utilitarian Burial 16.5 cm 4.3 cm McDonald and Wilkie 1992, 308; AE 778; TB 12 or TB 13, from pit 3 Double ax Carpentry/masonry Unstratified or unknown ? On display in Kalamata museum Drill LH I-II Carpentry/masonry Settlement 3.65 cm 0.2 - 0.4 Catling and Hughes-Brock 1992, 640; Tripathi 1988 348 entry 1167 Drill bit LH IIIA (early) Carpentry/masonry Settlement 3.4 cm; 0.35 cm Catling and Hughes-Brock 1992, 640; AE 2690, N 1792, p. 1749 Drill or chisel LH I – IIIA1 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 4.25 cm 0.35 cm Catling and Hughes-Brock 1992, 639; AE 2601, N 1702, p1743 Drill or chisel LH IIA-B Carpentry/masonry Settlement 3.6 cm, 0.35 cm Catling and Hughes-Brock 1992, 639; Tripathi 1988 348 entry 1168 Drill or chisel LH IIIA1 Carpentry/masonry Settlement 4.4 cm 0.35 cm Catling and Hughes-Brock 1992, 640; AE 2204, N 1301, p. 1753 Drill tip? LH I-IIA Carpentry/masonry? Settlement 1.9 cm 0.3 cm Catling and Hughes-Brock 1992, 640; Tripathi 1988, 348, entry 1169 Implement? LH IIA Small crafts Settlement 1.3 cm 0.3 cm Catling and Hughes-Brock 1992, 640; Tripathi 1988, 367, entry 1338 Implement? LH II Small crafts Settlement Tripathi 1988, 367 entry 1339 Knife LH IIIA2 (late) Utilitarian Settlement 5.05 cm 1.1 cm Catling and Hughes-Brock 1992, 639; AE 1306, N 396, p1738 Knife Later MH – LH I Utilitarian Settlement 2.15 cm 1.3 Catling and Hughes-Brock 1992, 639; Tripathi 1988, 345 entry 1138 Knife Utilitarian Burial McDonald and Wilkie 1992, 308; AE 792 and 795d, N 1070d, 1073e, 1070f, 1080, p. 1118 Knife Utilitarian Burial 5.2 cm 2.1 cm McDonald and Wilkie 1992, 308; AE 794b, 797a and 793a,N 1270b, 1201c, 1073f, p. 1121 Knife Utilitarian Burial 1.35 cm McDonald and Wilkie 1992, 308; AE 798g, 792, 793b and 794d Knife Utilitarian Burial 13 cm 1.2 cm McDonald and Wilkie 1992, 308; AE 802, N1383, p. 1117 Knife MH – LH IIA Utilitarian Settlement 4 cm 0.6 to 0.8 cm Catling and Hughes-Brock 1992, 639, Tripathi 1988, 344, 1129 Knife, single edged Utilitarian Settlement 5.6 cm 1.45 cm Catling and Hughes-Brock 1992, 639; AE 2625, N 1726, p1740 Knife LH II – IIIA1 Utilitarian Settlement 5.1 cm greatest w =1.15 cmCatling and Hughes-Brock 1992, 639; AE2842, N 1951, p1737 Knife LH II Utilitarian Settlement Tripathi 1988, 341 entry 1097; Catling and Hughes-Brock 1992, 639 Knife or blade Utilitarian Burial 3.9 cm 1.9 cm McDonald and Wilkie 1992, 308; AE 794b; N1270d, p. 1122 Knife tip LH I-III Utilitarian Settlement 3.2 cm 1.3 cm Catling and Hughes-Brock 1992, 639; AE 2453; N1505, p. 1739 Point tip LH IIA-B Small crafts Settlement 2.55 cm 0.5 cm Catling and Hughes-Brock 1992, 640; AE 1069, N 154, p1756 Pointed, implement LH IIIA1-2 Small crafts Settlement 3.9 cm 0.3 cm Catling and Hughes-Brock 1992, 643; AE 1304, N 394, p. 1809 Punch LH IIIA-B Small crafts Settlement 2.55 cm 0.75 cm Catling and Hughes-Brock 1992, 640; AE 1283, N 373, p1752 Razor, leaf shaped Utilitarian Burial 23.5 cm 5.8 cm McDonald and Wilkie 1992, 308; AE 775 -TB 11 or 10; p. 1010 or 1009 Razor, leaf shaped Utilitarian Burial 22.5 cm 6.3 cm McDonald and Wilkie 1992, 308; AE 776, TB 11 or 10; p. 1010 or 1009; Knife, single edged Utilitarian Burial 15 cm 1.1 cm McDonald and Wilkie 1992, 308; AE 803, N1375, p. 1116 Small implement LH IIIA2 Small crafts Settlement 2.8 cm 0.3 cm Catling and Hughes-Brock 1992, 640; AE 1877, N 973, p 1754 Tool tip (chisel or drill?) Found with LH III scraps Small crafts Settlement 4.8 cm 0.7 cm Catling and Hughes-Brock 1992, 640; AE 1360, N 450, p1761 Nichoria - 2nd millennium Chisel fragment Carpentry/masonry Settlement 2.1 0.5 Tripathi 1988, 347 entry 1152 Orchomenos - LBA Adze, single/flat LH IIIB or IIIC Carpentry/masonry Hoard 6.8 ce = 5.45 Spyropoulos 1970, 264 Chisel, broad LH IIIB or IIIC Carpentry/masonry Hoard 10.9 3.4 Spyropoulos 1970, 264 entry A2, pic 2 on pg 263 and picture 3 on pg 264. Chisel, broad LH IIIB or IIIC Carpentry/masonry Hoard 5.6 2.25 Spyropoulos 1970, 264 entry A2, pic 2 on pg 263 and picture 3 on pg 264. Chisel, narrow LH IIIB or IIIC Carpentry/masonry Hoard 3.8 ce = 1.9 Spyropoulos 1970, 264 entry A2, pic 2 on pg 263 and picture 3 on pg 264. Chisel, cold LH IIIB or IIIC Carpentry/masonry Hoard 5.3 ce = 1.8 Spyropoulos 1970, 264 entry A2, pic 2 on pg 263 and picture 3 on pg 264. Chisel, narrow LH IIIB or IIIC Carpentry/masonry Hoard 16.8 tip = 1.3 Spyropoulos 1970, 264 entry A2, pic 2 on pg 263 and picture 3 on pg 264. MAINLAND TOOLS 586
Sites & Object types Specific object date Tool type category Context L W Bibliography Chisel, narrow LH IIIB or IIIC Carpentry/masonry Hoard 3.7 ce = 1.65 Spyropoulos 1970, 264 entry A2, pic 2 on pg 263 and picture 3 on pg 264. Chisel, broad LH IIIB or IIIC Carpentry/masonry Hoard 23.9 5.05 Spyropoulos 1970, 264 entry A2, pic 2 on pg 263 and picture 3 on pg 264 Chisel, broad LH IIIB or IIIC Carpentry/masonry Hoard 7.15 butt end = 1.25 Spyropoulos 1970, 264 entry A2, pic 2 on pg 263 and picture 3 on pg 264. Chisel, broad LH IIIB or IIIC Carpentry/masonry Hoard 5 2 Spyropoulos 1970, 264 entry A2, pic 2 on pg 263 and picture 3 on pg 264. Double ax LH IIIB or IIIC Carpentry/masonry Hoard 13.8 ce= 5.75 Spyropoulos 1970, 264 entry Α1, picture 1 on pg 263. Double ax fragment LH IIIB or IIIC Carpentry/masonry Hoard 9.6 ce= 6.25 Spyropoulos 1970, 264 entry Α1, picture 1 on pg 263. Double ax fragment LH IIIB or IIIC Carpentry/masonry Hoard 7.45 ce = 6.15 Spyropoulos 1970, 264 entry Α1, picture 1 on pg 263. Double ax fragment LH IIIB or IIIC Carpentry/masonry Hoard 7.3 ce = 5.6 Spyropoulos 1970, 264 entry Α1, picture 1 on pg 263. Double ax fragment LH IIIB or IIIC Carpentry/masonry Hoard 8.4 ce = 7.6 Spyropoulos 1970, 264 entry Α1, picture 1 on pg 263. Double ax fragment LH IIIB or IIIC Carpentry/masonry Hoard 4.5 3.65 Spyropoulos 1970, on display in Chaironeia Museum Double ax fragment LH IIIB or IIIC Carpentry/masonry Hoard 3.4 ce= 6.1 Spyropoulos 1970, 264 entry Α1, picture 1 on pg 263. Drill LH IIIB or IIIC Carpentry/masonry Hoard 18.2 tip = 0.8 Spyropoulos 1970, 264 A3, picture 3 on pg 264. Knife LH IIIB or IIIC Utilitarian Hoard Spyropoulos 1970, on display in Chaironeia Museum Knife LH IIIB or IIIC Utilitarian Hoard Spyropoulos 1970, on display in Chaironeia Museum Knife LH IIIB or IIIC Utilitarian Hoard Spyropoulos 1970, on display in Chaironeia Museum Knife LH IIIB or IIIC Utilitarian Hoard Spyropoulos 1970, on display in Chaironeia Museum Knife LH IIIB or IIIC Utilitarian Hoard 5.4 2.45 - 3 Spyropoulos 1970, 264 Knife LH IIIB or IIIC Utilitarian Hoard 13.9 1.9-2.3 Spyropoulos 1970, 264 entry A2, pic 2 on pg 263 and pic 3 on pg 264. Knife LH IIIB or IIIC Utilitarian Hoard 4.8 ce = 1.55 Spyropoulos 1970, 264 Knife LH IIIB or IIIC Utilitarian Hoard 7.15 middle = 2.2 Spyropoulos 1970, 264 Knife LH IIIB or IIIC Utilitarian Hoard 10.8 1.45 Spyropoulos 1970, 264 Knife LH IIIB or IIIC Utilitarian Hoard 13.55 0.3 - 1.6 Spyropoulos 1970, 264 Knife LH IIIB or IIIC Utilitarian Hoard 11.95 tang = 2.1 Spyropoulos 1970, 264 Knife LH IIIB or IIIC Utilitarian Hoard 2.85 2.4 Spyropoulos 1970, 264 Knife LH IIIB or IIIC Utilitarian Hoard 15.9 0.9 - 1.7 Spyropoulos 1970, 264 Knife LH IIIB or IIIC Utilitarian Hoard Spyropoulos 1970, on display in Chaironeia Museum Knife LH IIIB or IIIC Utilitarian Hoard 11.7 tip = 0.95 Spyropoulos 1970, 264 Knife or blade LH IIIB or IIIC Utilitarian Hoard Spyropoulos 1970, on display in Chaironeia Museum Knife or sickle LH IIIB or IIIC Utilitarian Hoard Spyropoulos 1970, on display in Chaironeia Museum Knife or sickle LH IIIB or IIIC Utilitarian Hoard Spyropoulos 1970, on display in Chaironeia Museum Knife or sickle LH IIIB or IIIC Utilitarian Hoard Spyropoulos 1970, on display in Chaironeia Museum Knife or sickle LH IIIB or IIIC Utilitarian Hoard Spyropoulos 1970, on display in Chaironeia Museum Knife or sickle tip LH IIIB or IIIC Utilitarian Hoard Spyropoulos 1970, on display in Chaironeia Museum Saw? LH IIIB or IIIC Carpentry/masonry Hoard 11.45 1.8-1.9 Spyropoulos 1970, 264 Saw? LH IIIB or IIIC Carpentry/masonry Hoard 12.8 1.7-1.9 Spyropoulos 1970, 264 Sickle LH IIIB or IIIC Agricultural Hoard Spyropoulos 1970, on display in Chaironeia Museum Sickle LH IIIB or IIIC Agricultural Hoard Spyropoulos 1970, on display in Chaironeia Museum Manipulated vessel frag - notes LH IIIB or IIIC Utilitarian or weapon? Hoard 7.4 2.3 Spyropoulos 1970, 264 Blade tip LH IIIB or IIIC Utilitarian Hoard Spyropoulos 1970, on display in Chaironeia Museum Sickle LH IIIB or IIIC Agricultural Hoard? Spyropoulos 1970, on display in Chaironeia Museum Sickle or knife LH IIIB or IIIC Utilitarian Hoard? Spyropoulos 1970, on display in Chaironeia Museum Papoulia - LBA Spyropoulos 1970, on display in Chaironeia Museum Knife MH - LH I Utilitarian Burial 15.6 1.5 Tripathi 1988 344 entry 1128; Marinatos 1954 316 Drill MH III - LH I Carpentry/masonry Burial 6.7 0.34 to 0.6 Tripathi 1988 348 entry 1164; Marinatos 1954, 316 Paralimni Teichos Dymaion - LBA Ax, single/flat or chisel LH IIIC Carpentry/masonry Burial 17.2 ce = 3.9 Papadopoulos 1978, 226 entry 137; PAE 1965, 135, pl 177e Ax, single/flat Carpentry/masonry Burial 15.5 ce = 3.97 Papadopoulos 1978; PAE 1965, 135 pl. 177c Ax, trunnion/lugged LH III Carpentry/masonry Burial 13.8 ce = 4.03 Papadopoulos 1978, 154, 226 entry 139, figures 306c, 339b; Iakovidis 1982, 224 Knife Utilitarian Burial Papadopoulos 1978; PAE 1965, 135, pl. 177b MAINLAND TOOLS 587
Page 1:
Middle and Late Bronze Age Metal To
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investigation of the carpentry/maso
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Volume 1 CHAPTER 1: TABLE OF CONTEN
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Sites from the Greek islands 202 Si
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LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1: Shaft-hol
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Figure 3.12: Distribution of metall
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Figure 4.28: Map showing MBA carpen
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Plate 4.33: Double adze from Enkomi
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Plate 5.29: Orchomenos tool kit, Ch
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Several fellowships provided financ
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administrative staff at the college
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MBA 2000- 1600 LBA 1600- 1050 CHRON
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in the Aegean. 2 Small copper imple
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een easier with metal tools than st
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extremely scarce and the dearth of
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extraordinary number of metal tools
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this observation is astonishing sin
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Danube (IVe au IIe millénaire). Wh
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Mycenaean tool repertoire, yet some
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Chapter 2: Avenues for metallurgica
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cited as evidence for metallurgical
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ecycled items. Final products like
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ich published dataset, only a few s
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Quantities of raw metal were widely
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Turkey. Upon touring these sites, i
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The method for interpreting data fr
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second millennium BC. Such cases ar
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study area (from Cyprus), and its i
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are sufficiently differentiated fro
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his reconsideration of third millen
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to Catling, a violent purpose for t
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Different tool names may imply diss
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chisels. Categories 2 and 4 occur f
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detail for the carpentry/masonry to
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Isthmia region throughout the histo
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Gender responsibilities are investi
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Chapter 3: Metal tools in the secon
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double adze from the Enkomi Gunnis
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The link between a craftsperson and
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specialized and intended for specif
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III: The relationship of stone, bon
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durability. Stone cutting objects b
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information together. In the Aegean
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In addition to greater amounts of t
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y region may reflect social and cra
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database entries whose contextual c
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accurately account for the internal
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given to stockpiled tools. Thirty-f
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the larger and stronger metal types
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hoes/plowshares were preferred in b
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ather than a shipwreck. 165 Yet, li
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ideograms. 173 The Linear B ideogra
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The relative absence of Aegean digg
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goods were redistributed in two dis
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Bronze Age Mediterranean climate is
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frequency of these tools, however,
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mandated a striking implement. Wood
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patterns occur despite the fact tha
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is even more striking when compared
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quantities, actual smiths are menti
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The presence of metallurgical tools
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metal smiths moved throughout the l
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Site size and contextual analysis s
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is significant, as both regions wer
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the prominent LBA object type (53.6
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cannot always aid functional interp
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due in large part to 1) palatial li
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punches, borers, undefined implemen
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include bandages, pack-saddles, rei
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egion. The proportions of carpentry
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instruments during the course of th
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Cretan patterns (Fig. 3.31a): The r
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Despite the greater tool diversity,
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Syria-Palestine. The status of the
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distribution, as the category is qu
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differences in the consumption of t
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comparable to modern rulers and tap
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probably influenced from the east,
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Palestine and Anatolia. There are n
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4.2). 316 Similar blades are known
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part of a metal hoard that was stas
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Whether the double ax was an implem
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few select palaces (e.g. Mycenae, A
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specimens (Evely’s Type 4 lists s
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conveys how chisels, single axes, s
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functional differences. An implemen
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The tool type is common in Anatolia
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their size alone (Fig. 4.4), and th
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mortuary contexts, thus confirming
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were incorporated into double-ended
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Phornou Korifi, Myrtos, and Ayia Ph
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Size 1 (0.5 cm or less) Size 2 (0.6
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carving out deep mortises in wooden
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Mycenaean and Cypriot contexts, whi
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the socket may be that a wooden sha
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worn and battered from use; this da
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the early 12 th century: “It may
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Syria-Palestine 2 - 2 - Shipwrecks
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of shafted double hammers is also f
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in the Brunnen 212 hoard was conver
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mainland and may have aided drillin
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The tubular drill was first devised
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siderópetra (hard limestone known
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egularly considered to be absent fr
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together two sides of a handle, a f
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implement, it was employed from tim
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70 percent of the catalogue (79 out
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3. Saws with a straight blade top a
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ounded tip end with teeth (Plate 4.
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consumer. Cretan carpentry/masonry
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and Knossos, seemingly reflecting t
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Ayia Marina 1 1 chisel Gona (Macedo
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Ithaka-Polis 3 - 3 - 1 single/flat
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are reported from Ayia Irini, altho
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the island in the MBA. The distribu
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MBA site Total carpentry - masonry
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eported here. Despite this caveat,
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MBA site Total carpentry - masonry
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4.21). Minoan double axes and saws
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diameters are 5 cm and greater) mus
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(like Minoan types) as opposed to t
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Although traces of Anatolian or Ana
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common to Crete and Cyprus. The sin
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double ax forms, implies that the c
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carpentry/masonry tools contribute
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organized.” 530 My assertion rega
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type of diversity that may mark a t
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of fragmentation practices restrict
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final stage of the metal working: t
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shaped razor. 545 A similar collect
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workshops were easier to identify i
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definition of a hoard as “a group
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some hoards contained thousands of
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Discerning founders’ hoards from
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most assemblages were destined for
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often selected according to certain
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economic approach to hoarding must
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lacks contextual information or chr
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of objects from Mochlos also produc
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unrelated objects; and 3) the tradi
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as rare. Only two Cretan hoards con
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of comparison, there are 87 double
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data coded in this manner, it becam
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The similarity of the Tiryns hoard
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axes, and drills. Awls/engravers an
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functional interpretation of that a
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e-casting metal, which required hot
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524) has shaft-hole sidewalls of di
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were consciously formed and likely
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saws, ax-adzes, a broad chisel, dou
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oxhide ingot fragments and metallur
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metallurgical and agricultural tool
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Tsountas (Mycenae), Kalydon-Psoroli
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Carpentry or masonry utensils repre
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stone-working tools included sixtee
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tools. One has a wide, deformed ham
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tool kit). Diversity is a hallmark
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V. The metal objects from shipwreck
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Tool or object Uluburun (total 65+)
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occurrence is a definite sign of a
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implements in one context comes fro
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Foundry and Sinda hoards, but other
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tool distribution patterns in hoard
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only sporadically in burials and wo
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combination adze forms (double adze
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produced a monograph specifically o
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are currently in progress and will
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thriving metallurgical and craft in
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of Middle Cypriot tools, however, i
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number of utilitarian and small cra
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extremely limited in comparison to
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metallurgical operations are plenti
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absent. 758 The Linear B tablets at
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The Cypriot copper industry reached
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implements comprise 45% of the regi
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the preferences commonly found with
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possible that merchants, metal smit
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Syria-Palestine is not accidental,
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specifically adze variations (e.g.
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likelihood, these implements were u
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Two elongated chisels from Mycenae
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cutting edges wider than the object
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are collectively known from Crete a
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The distribution of shaft-hole axes
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this form are unknown in the Aegean
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artisans trained in a Minoan style?
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transfer of painted plaster moved f
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producing and consuming metal tools
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the Argolid acquired specialized Hi
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traveled from region to region prac
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A complete study of metal tools req
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Dissertation Bibliography Agouridis
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BC, edited by A. B. Knapp. Altamont
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Austin: Université de Liège; Univ
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Calder, W. M., and D. A. Traill, ed
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Cline, E., and A. Yasur-Landau. 200
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des maisons et quartiers d'habitati
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Ellis, R. S. 1968. Foundation Depos
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Gale, N. H., and Z. A. Stos-Gale. 1
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Laffineur and P. P. Betancourt. Li
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Homerica, edited by H.-G. Buchholz
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Marinatos. Stockholm: Svenska Insti
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———. 2004. Wheat, Barley, Flo
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London, G. A. 2002. Women Potters a
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33: 61-87. Moran, W. L., ed. 1992.
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Nebelsick, L. 2000. Rent Asunder: R
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Oldest Capital City of the Hittites
Page 416 and 417:
Poursat, J.-C. 1978. Travaux de L'
Page 418 and 419:
Ruscillo, D. 2006. Catalogue of Mis
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———. 2006a. Catalogue of Misc
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Stewart, J. 1961. The Early Bronze
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Metallurgy in the Bronze Age. Proce
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Walberg, G. 1998. Excavations on th
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Seventh International Symposium at
Page 430 and 431:
Volume 2 APPENDIX 1: Figures (diagr
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Total quantity 2000 1500 1000 500 0
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Carpentry/ masonry 2253 (42.4%) Fig
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Figure 3.5b - Agricultural tools: q
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Figure 3.9d - Cyprus LBA quantities
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Medium, 67 Figure 3.11 - Distributi
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Billet = 1 Mold = 1 Wedge, socketed
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Percentage 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
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Quantity Quantity 1400 1200 1000 80
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2 nd mill. (n=17) Spatula/scraper =
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General 2 nd millennium (n=20) Knif
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Total quantity 400 300 200 100 0 17
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Figure 3.26b: Carpentry/Masonry too
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Single/flat ax (n=370) 185 (40.7%)
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General 2 nd millennium (n=21) Sing
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General 2 nd millennium (n=89) Shaf
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Figure 4.1: Shaft-hole axes: region
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Figure 4.2: Doubles axes: regional
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Cutting edge width (cm) 12 10 8 6 4
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Tool series N Mean of ratio Standar
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Figure 4.7: Single/flat axes: regio
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Cutting edge width (cm) 8 7 6 5 4 3
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Figure 4.10: Chisels: Scatter plots
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Cutting edge width (cm) 7 6 5 4 3 2
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Chisels by size Number Ratio Mean S
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Cutting edge width (cm) 3 2.5 2 1.5
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Figure 4.17: Ax-adzes: regions meas
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Figure 4.19: Hollow cylindrical met
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Figure 4.20 continued: Saw measurem
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G,1 (30) F3, (2) F2, (2) E2, (2) E1
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F3, (7) F2, (9) F1, (11) G1, (37) E
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F2, (2) F3, (1) G1, (4) E1, (27) E2
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1-5 6-15 16-30 31-50 51-100 100 + S
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Figure 5.1: Tool frequencies and di
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Figure 5.2 continued - Hoards from
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Figure 5.3 continued - Hoards from
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Hoards: 1 - 13 are from Crete 1: Sa
Page 509 and 510:
40 51 19 38 34 45 48 33 36 46 28 29
Page 511 and 512:
Proximity Matrix for the tool types
Page 513 and 514:
Narrow chisel Flat/single ax Shaft-
Page 515 and 516:
Plate 4.3: Shaft-hole ax from Cypru
Page 517 and 518:
Plate 4.9: Andronianoi (Euboea) dou
Page 519 and 520:
Plate 4.15 Single/flat ax from Kata
Page 521 and 522:
Plate 4.22: Chisel of size 3; Enkom
Page 523 and 524:
Plate 4.33: Double adze: from the G
Page 525 and 526:
Plate 4.39: Trésor de Bronzes adze
Page 527 and 528:
Plate 4.47: Saw type 3: Boğazköy-
Page 529 and 530:
Plate 5.1: Katamachi hoard - Ioanni
Page 531 and 532:
Plate 5.7: MX 541 - Double or singl
Page 533 and 534:
Plate 5.13: Chisel fragment; MX 519
Page 535 and 536:
Tsountas hoard, double axes 9 doubl
Page 537 and 538:
Plate 5.23: Double ax fragment-Anth
Page 539 and 540:
Plate 5.27: Enkomi Gunnis Hoard - (
Page 541 and 542:
L: hammer-adze R: double adze fragm
Page 543 and 544:
Appendix 3: Second Millennium BC Me
Page 545 and 546:
Carpentry/masonry tools 1 total: 1
Page 547 and 548:
Tool count and frequency 4 (14.3%)
Page 549 and 550:
Other objects 2 awls, 1 large scrap
Page 551 and 552:
Tool count and frequency 4 (44.4%)
Page 553 and 554:
15 th -14 th century: LH II - IIIA1
Page 555 and 556:
Other objects 1 bronze weight with
Page 557 and 558:
Likelihood of hoard Definite 46. Gr
Page 559 and 560: Nicosia, Cyprus Museum (inv. Enkomi
Page 561 and 562: Bibliography Taylor 1957, 20, 86-90
Page 563 and 564: (…/1520.12,13,14,15); 18 castings
Page 565 and 566: cauldron fragments), 1 ingot fragme
Page 567 and 568: Other objects 45 sickles, 3 swords,
Page 569 and 570: Context and date of 46.3, 47.1-4 Pi
Page 571 and 572: Sites & Object types Specific date
Page 595 and 596: Sites & Object types Specific objec
Page 603 and 604: Sites & Object types Lefkas: genera
Page 609: Sites & Object types Specific objec
Page 621 and 622: Sites & Object types Specific perio
Page 661 and 662:
Sites & Object types Specific objec
Page 663 and 664:
Page 665 and 666:
Page 667 and 668:
Page 669 and 670:
Page 671 and 672:
Page 673 and 674:
Page 675 and 676:
Page 677 and 678:
Page 679 and 680:
Page 681 and 682:
Page 683 and 684:
Page 685 and 686:
Page 687 and 688:
Sites & Object types Specific perio
Page 689 and 690:
Page 691:
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Middle and Late Bronze Age Metal Tools from the Aegean, Eastern ...

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