Middle and Late Bronze Age Metal Tools from the Aegean, Eastern ...

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Sites & Object types Specific object date Tool type category Context L W Bibliography Chisel 14th-12th century BC Carpentry/masonry Settlement 6.4 ce =0.6 Deshayes 991; Argive Heraium II, p. 300, pl. CXXVII no 2271 Chisel 14th-12th century BC Carpentry/masonry Unstratified or unknown 13.5 ce = 1 Deshayes 925 figure XI.8; Argive Heraium II, p. 300, pl. CXXVII no 2267 Chisel 14th-12th century BC Carpentry/masonry Settlement 7.8 ce = 0.8 Deshayes 922; Argive Heraium II, p. 300-301, pl. CXXVII no 2269 and 2288-92 Argive Herion - 2nd millennium Chisel Carpentry/masonry Unstratified or unknown 8.1 ce =0.95 Deshayes 873; Argive Heraium II, p. 300, pl. CXXVII no 2272 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Unstratified or unknown 7.2 ce = 1 Deshayes 799; Argive Heraium II, p. 300, pl. CXXVII no 2270 Sickle Agricultural Unstratified or unknown Deshayes 2793; Argive Heraium II, 299, CXXVII, no 2263 Spatula Argos - MBA Utilitarian Unstratified or unknown 15.05 ce=2.55 Argive Heraium II, 299, pl. CXXVi, no. 2264. Knife Argos - LBA MH IIB Utilitarian Settlement Branigan 1974, 167# 638, Deshayes 2364 pl XLI:5; Tripathi 1988, 261 #229. Knife LH IIIB Utilitarian Burial Deshayes 2553 Knife LH IIIB Utilitarian Burial Deshayes 2480 bis; BCH LXXXIII (1959), p. 774, fig. 4, right Knife LH IIIB-C2 Utilitarian Burial Deshayes 2469; Deshayes 1966, 202 Knife LH IIIC2 Utilitarian Burial Deshayes 2513; Deshayes 1966, 202 Knife LH Utilitarian Burial Papadimitriou 2001, 64 figure 14, pl 11e Tongs Argos - 2nd millennium LH III Metallurgical Burial 11.9 Deshayes 3056 bis; BCH LXXXIII (1959), p. 771, fig. 4, left Knife Utilitarian Burial Dietz 1991, 132 Knife Utilitarian Burial Dietz 1991, 139 Knife Utilitarian Burial Dietz 1991, 139 Arta (probably) or Terovo - LBA? Ax, shaft hole Asine - MBA Carpentry/masonry Unstratified or unknown See C. Kleitsas' forthcoming dissertation Knife Asine - LBA MH IIB Utilitarian Burial Deshayes 2420; Branigan 1974, inv 1485; Tripathi 1988, 262 # 240 Ax, trunnion/lugged LH III Carpentry/masonry Settlement? Iakovidis 1982, 224; Frodin-Persson (Asine)1938: 311, figure 214.2 Blade, flanged 14th-12th c Utilitarian Settlement Deshayes 1130; Asine, p. 311, fig. 214, 2… Knife Athens - LBA LH III Utilitarian Settlement Deshayes 2461; Asine, p. 311, fig. 214, 2 Spatula, shovel, scraper LH III Utilitarian Hoard? Deshayes 2984. Athens (environs) - 2nd millennium Double hammer Athens acropolis - LBA Metallurgical Unstratified or unknown 6.2 Deshayes 2310; Catling 1964,100 Ax-hammer LH IIIB/C Carpentry/masonry Hoard 5.2 cm ce=1.5-6 cm Spyropoulos 1972, 73 entry 8β; fig. 138 on pg 76, pl. 23β. Catling 1964, 296. Casting dagger LH IIIB/C Metallurgical Hoard 19.9 cm ce=1.25 cm Spyropoulos 1972, Catling 1964. Chisel, broad LH IIIB/C Carpentry/masonry Hoard 18.1 cm ce=4.2 cm Spyropoulos 1972, 69 entry 5α, fig. 128 on page 72, pl 20γ Chisel LH IIIB/C Carpentry/masonry Hoard 12.45 cm ce= 3.1 cm Spyropoulos 1972, 69 entry 5β, fig. 129 on pg 72, pl. 20δ; Catling 1964, 296. Chisel, broad LH IIIB/C Carpentry/masonry Hoard 19.8 cm ce= 4.3 cm, middle = Spyropoulos 3.5 cm; butt 1972, end = 69 2.2 entry cm 5γ, fig. 130 on pg 73, pl 20ε; Catling 1964, 296 Chisel, broad LH IIIB/C Carpentry/masonry Hoard 14.6 cm; ce= 3.45 cm Spyropoulos 1972, 69 entry 5δ, fig. 131 on pg 73, pl 21α; Catling 1964, 296 Chisel, broad LH IIIB/C Carpentry/masonry Hoard 12.75 cm ce=3.3 cm Spyropoulos 1972, 70 entry 5ε, fig. 132 on pg 74, pl 21β; Catling 1964, 296 Chisel, broad LH IIIB/C Carpentry/masonry Hoard 14.95 cm ce= 3.45 Spyropoulos 1972, 70 entry 5στ, fig. 133 on pg 74, pl 21γ Chisel, broad LH IIIB/C Carpentry/masonry Hoard 14.65 cm ce= 3.65 Spyropoulos 1972, 70 entry 5ζ, fig. 134 on pg 74, pl 21δ; Catling 1964, 296 Chisel, narrow LH IIIB/C Carpentry/masonry Hoard 16 cm ce=1.15 cm Spyropoulos 1972, 70 entry 6; fig. 135 on pg 74, pl 21ε; Catling 1964, 296 Double ax LH IIIB/C Carpentry/masonry Hoard 22.3 cm, ce= 7 &6.5 cm Spyropoulos 1972, 66 entry 3α; fig. 118 on pg 68; pl 19α; Catling 1964, 296 Double ax LH IIIB/C Carpentry/masonry Hoard 20.9cm ce=5.65 Spyropoulos 1972, 66 entry 3β; fig. 119 on pg 68; pl. 19β Catling 1964, 296. Double ax LH IIIB/C Carpentry/masonry Hoard 20.8 cm ce= 6.15 Spyropoulos 1972, 67 entry 3γ, fig 120 on pg 68, pl 19γ; Catling 1964, 296 Double ax LH IIIB/C Carpentry/masonry Hoard 22.5 cm ce= 6.6 cm Spyropoulos 1972, 67 entry 3δ; fig 121 on pg 69, pl 19δ; Catling 1964, 296 MAINLAND TOOLS 572
Sites & Object types Specific object date Tool type category Context L W Bibliography Double ax LH IIIB/C Carpentry/masonry Hoard 22.1 cm, ce= 6.05 cm Spyropoulos 1972, 67 entry 3ε; fig 122 on pg 69, pl 19ε; Catling 1964, 296 Double ax LH IIIB/C Carpentry/masonry Hoard 20.2 cm ce=7.2-3 cm Spyropoulos 1972, 67 entry 3στ; fig 123 on pg 69, pl 19στ Double ax LH IIIB/C Carpentry/masonry Hoard 18.8 cm ce= 5.6-8 cm Spyropoulos 1972, 67 entry 3ζ, fig 124 on pg 69, pl 19ζ. Catling 1964, 296 Double ax LH IIIB/C Carpentry/masonry Hoard 15.5 cm ce= 6.3 cm Spyropoulos 1972, 67 entry 3η, fig 125 on pg 70, pl 19 η; Catling 1964, 296 Double ax LH IIIB/C Carpentry/masonry Hoard 16 cm ce= 5.8 cm Spyropoulos 1972, 67 entry 3θ, fig 126 on pg 71, left; Catling 1964, 296 Double ax LH IIIB/C Carpentry/masonry Hoard Spyropoulos 1972, 68, entry 4, fig 126 on pg 71, middle, pl 20 α,β first left Double ax LH IIIB/C Carpentry/masonry Hoard 10 cm ce=5.05 cm Spyropoulos 1972, 68 entry 4, fig 126 on pg 71, right, pl 20α, β; Catling 1964, 296 Double ax LH IIIB/C Carpentry/masonry Hoard 8.5 cm ce =5.25 cm Spyropoulos 1972 68 entry 4, fig 127 on pg 72, left, pl 20 α, β, third from the left. Catling 1964, 296. Double ax LH IIIB/C Carpentry/masonry Hoard Spyropoulos 1972 68 entry 4, fig 127on pg 72, right fig, pl 20 α, β right. Double hammer LH IIIB/C C/M or metallurgical Hoard 14.55 cm 4.3 cm Spyropoulos 1972, 73 entry 8α, fig 136 on pg 75, pl 23α. Catling 1964, 296. File LH IIIB/C Metallurgical or C/M Hoard 20.9 cm 1.2 cm Spyropoulos 1972, 74 entry 9; fig 139 on pg 76, pl 23γ. Catling 1964, 296. Knife, single edged LH III B/C Utilitarian Hoard 24.3 cm tang= 2.7 cm Spyropoulos 1972, 75 entry 10, fig 140 on pg 76, pl 23δ; Catling 1964, 296. Plowshare, fragmentary LH IIIB/C Agricultural Hoard 16.2 cm 4 cm Spyropoulos 1972; Catling 1964; Deshayes 1214, pl XVI.18 Plowshare LH IIIB/C Agricultural Hoard 16.1 cm 7.55 cm Spyropoulos 1972, Catling 1964, 296: Deshayes 1215 Sickle LH IIIB/C Agricultural Hoard Spyropoulos 1972, 76 entry 11; Deshayes 2797 Athens Agora - LBA Awl with long shaft LH IIIA Small crafts Burial 22.6 cm; 0.7 cm Camp 2003, 270, entry 44, figure 35 Ax, single/flat LH IIIA Carpentry/masonry Burial 10.2 cm 8.3 cm Camp 2003, 268, entry 40, figure 35 Bronze implement LH IIIA2 early Utilitarian Burial - tomb XV-4 18.5 cm tip= 2.35 cm Immerwahr 1971, Tomb XV-4; 205, pl 46 Bronze implement LH III Utilitarian Burial - tomb XXI-14 4.2 cm; 0.5 cm Immerwahr 1971,Tomb XXI-14, 209, pl 50 Knife, single edged LH IIIA late or IIIB early Utilitarian Burial - tomb XVII-3 13.5 cm; 1.4 cm Immerwahr 1971, Tomb XVII-3, 209, pl 48 Knife or razor frags LH III Utilitarian Burial - tomb XIV-9 12 2.5 Immerwahr 1971, Tomb XIV-9, Agora XIII, 203, pl 46 Knife? LH IIIA Utilitarian Burial 21.2 cm 3.7 Camp 2003, 270, entry 43, figure 35 Razor, cleaver-like LH IIIA1 Utilitarian Burial 19 cm 4.5 cm Immerwahr 1971, 176, pl 36; Deshayes 2686; Hesperia XVII (1948), p. 157, figure 4c Razor LH IIIA Utilitarian Burial - tomb VII-27 16 cm ce = 3.6 cm Immerwahr 1971, Tomb VII-27, 189, pl 40 Attica general - 2nd millennium Ax, single/flat Carpentry/masonry Unstratified or unknown 16.5 ce= 5.4 Deshayes 1989, pl XXXIII.8 and LVI.10 Chisel Carpentry/masonry Unstratified or unknown 13.7 ce = 1.3 Branigan 1974,170 entry 916; Deshayes 748, pl IX.17 and LV.6? Ayia Marina - MBA Chisel EH/MH? Carpentry/masonry Unstratified or unknown 9.5 0.5 Tripathi 1988, 264 entry 264 Ayios Stephanos - LBA Borer MH III/ LH I Small crafts Settlement 1.85 cm diam= 0.1 cm Taylour and Janko 2008, 419, 6011, pl 45. Chisel, miniature LH I Carpentry/masonry Burial 3 0.2 Taylour 1972, 225-28, no. HS 226.60-615; Tripathi 1988 346 entry 1149 Knife LH IIIC Early Utilitarian Settlement 7.5 cm 2.5 cm Taylour and Janko 2008, 447, 7017; pl 52, Excavation # 74-821 Knife LH I Utilitarian Burial Taylour 1972, 222, no. HS 225, 60-612, Pl. 43b; Tripathi 1988 339 en. 1087. Knife blade? LH IIIC Early Utilitarian Settlement 3 cm 1.3 cm Taylour and Janko 2008, 447, 7016; not illustrated, Excavation # 74-80 Punch LH I Early Small crafts Settlement 6.9 cm 0.35 cm Taylour and Janko 2008, 419,# 6010, pl 45, fig 9.1, Excavation #: 74-215 Tool, small or pin LH IIIC early context Small crafts Settlement 3.5 cm Taylour and Janko 2008, 447, 7014; pl 52, Excavation # 73-103 Tool? Pin, needle, awl? LH IIIC Early Small crafts Settlement 7 cm Diam= 0.2 cm Taylour and Janko 2008, 447, 7015; pl 52, Excavation # 74-016 Chalandritsa (A. Vasilios) - LBA Knife Utilitarian Burial? Papadopoulos 1978; PAE 1929, 88, figure 2 Ax, single/flat LH III Carpentry/masonry Burial 16.5 Papadopoulos 1978, 226 entry 136 Double ax LH III Carpentry/masonry Burial 16.5 Papadopoulos 1978, 154,; PAE 1929, 88 figure 2; Buchholz 1959, 50 number 23 Razor Utilitarian Burial 20.5 cm 5.25 cm Papadopoulos 1978, 225, figure 294b, 326a Knife Utilitarian Burial 23.6 cm 3.3 cm Papadopoulos 1978; Sandars 1955, 183, figure 4:3 Chalkis - LBA Awl 13th c Small crafts Burial Deshayes 97; Euboia, p. 23, fig 17, right Cleaver LH IIIB Utilitarian Burial Deshayes 2693; Euboia, p. 23, fig 17, center Knife LH II –III; 15th-12th c; Utilitarian Burial Deshayes 2448; BSA XLVII (1952), p. 94, fig. 9, No. 516, B’ MAINLAND TOOLS 573
Page 1:
Middle and Late Bronze Age Metal To
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investigation of the carpentry/maso
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Volume 1 CHAPTER 1: TABLE OF CONTEN
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Sites from the Greek islands 202 Si
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LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1: Shaft-hol
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Figure 3.12: Distribution of metall
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Figure 4.28: Map showing MBA carpen
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Plate 4.33: Double adze from Enkomi
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Plate 5.29: Orchomenos tool kit, Ch
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Several fellowships provided financ
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administrative staff at the college
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MBA 2000- 1600 LBA 1600- 1050 CHRON
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in the Aegean. 2 Small copper imple
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een easier with metal tools than st
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extremely scarce and the dearth of
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extraordinary number of metal tools
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this observation is astonishing sin
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Danube (IVe au IIe millénaire). Wh
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Mycenaean tool repertoire, yet some
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Chapter 2: Avenues for metallurgica
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cited as evidence for metallurgical
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ecycled items. Final products like
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ich published dataset, only a few s
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Quantities of raw metal were widely
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Turkey. Upon touring these sites, i
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The method for interpreting data fr
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second millennium BC. Such cases ar
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study area (from Cyprus), and its i
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are sufficiently differentiated fro
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his reconsideration of third millen
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to Catling, a violent purpose for t
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Different tool names may imply diss
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chisels. Categories 2 and 4 occur f
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detail for the carpentry/masonry to
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Isthmia region throughout the histo
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Gender responsibilities are investi
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Chapter 3: Metal tools in the secon
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double adze from the Enkomi Gunnis
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The link between a craftsperson and
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specialized and intended for specif
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III: The relationship of stone, bon
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durability. Stone cutting objects b
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information together. In the Aegean
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In addition to greater amounts of t
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y region may reflect social and cra
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database entries whose contextual c
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accurately account for the internal
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given to stockpiled tools. Thirty-f
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the larger and stronger metal types
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hoes/plowshares were preferred in b
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ather than a shipwreck. 165 Yet, li
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ideograms. 173 The Linear B ideogra
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The relative absence of Aegean digg
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goods were redistributed in two dis
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Bronze Age Mediterranean climate is
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frequency of these tools, however,
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mandated a striking implement. Wood
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patterns occur despite the fact tha
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is even more striking when compared
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quantities, actual smiths are menti
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The presence of metallurgical tools
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metal smiths moved throughout the l
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Site size and contextual analysis s
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is significant, as both regions wer
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the prominent LBA object type (53.6
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cannot always aid functional interp
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due in large part to 1) palatial li
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punches, borers, undefined implemen
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include bandages, pack-saddles, rei
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egion. The proportions of carpentry
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instruments during the course of th
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Cretan patterns (Fig. 3.31a): The r
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Despite the greater tool diversity,
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Syria-Palestine. The status of the
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distribution, as the category is qu
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differences in the consumption of t
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comparable to modern rulers and tap
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probably influenced from the east,
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Palestine and Anatolia. There are n
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4.2). 316 Similar blades are known
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part of a metal hoard that was stas
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Whether the double ax was an implem
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few select palaces (e.g. Mycenae, A
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specimens (Evely’s Type 4 lists s
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conveys how chisels, single axes, s
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functional differences. An implemen
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The tool type is common in Anatolia
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their size alone (Fig. 4.4), and th
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mortuary contexts, thus confirming
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were incorporated into double-ended
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Phornou Korifi, Myrtos, and Ayia Ph
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Size 1 (0.5 cm or less) Size 2 (0.6
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carving out deep mortises in wooden
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Mycenaean and Cypriot contexts, whi
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the socket may be that a wooden sha
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worn and battered from use; this da
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the early 12 th century: “It may
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Syria-Palestine 2 - 2 - Shipwrecks
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of shafted double hammers is also f
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in the Brunnen 212 hoard was conver
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mainland and may have aided drillin
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The tubular drill was first devised
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siderópetra (hard limestone known
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egularly considered to be absent fr
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together two sides of a handle, a f
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implement, it was employed from tim
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70 percent of the catalogue (79 out
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3. Saws with a straight blade top a
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ounded tip end with teeth (Plate 4.
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consumer. Cretan carpentry/masonry
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and Knossos, seemingly reflecting t
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Ayia Marina 1 1 chisel Gona (Macedo
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Ithaka-Polis 3 - 3 - 1 single/flat
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are reported from Ayia Irini, altho
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the island in the MBA. The distribu
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MBA site Total carpentry - masonry
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eported here. Despite this caveat,
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MBA site Total carpentry - masonry
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4.21). Minoan double axes and saws
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diameters are 5 cm and greater) mus
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(like Minoan types) as opposed to t
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Although traces of Anatolian or Ana
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common to Crete and Cyprus. The sin
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double ax forms, implies that the c
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carpentry/masonry tools contribute
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organized.” 530 My assertion rega
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type of diversity that may mark a t
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of fragmentation practices restrict
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final stage of the metal working: t
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shaped razor. 545 A similar collect
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workshops were easier to identify i
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definition of a hoard as “a group
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some hoards contained thousands of
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Discerning founders’ hoards from
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most assemblages were destined for
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often selected according to certain
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economic approach to hoarding must
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lacks contextual information or chr
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of objects from Mochlos also produc
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unrelated objects; and 3) the tradi
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as rare. Only two Cretan hoards con
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of comparison, there are 87 double
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data coded in this manner, it becam
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The similarity of the Tiryns hoard
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axes, and drills. Awls/engravers an
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functional interpretation of that a
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e-casting metal, which required hot
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524) has shaft-hole sidewalls of di
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were consciously formed and likely
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saws, ax-adzes, a broad chisel, dou
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oxhide ingot fragments and metallur
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metallurgical and agricultural tool
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Tsountas (Mycenae), Kalydon-Psoroli
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Carpentry or masonry utensils repre
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stone-working tools included sixtee
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tools. One has a wide, deformed ham
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tool kit). Diversity is a hallmark
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V. The metal objects from shipwreck
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Tool or object Uluburun (total 65+)
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occurrence is a definite sign of a
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implements in one context comes fro
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Foundry and Sinda hoards, but other
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tool distribution patterns in hoard
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only sporadically in burials and wo
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combination adze forms (double adze
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produced a monograph specifically o
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are currently in progress and will
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thriving metallurgical and craft in
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of Middle Cypriot tools, however, i
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number of utilitarian and small cra
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extremely limited in comparison to
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metallurgical operations are plenti
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absent. 758 The Linear B tablets at
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The Cypriot copper industry reached
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implements comprise 45% of the regi
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the preferences commonly found with
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possible that merchants, metal smit
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Syria-Palestine is not accidental,
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specifically adze variations (e.g.
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likelihood, these implements were u
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Two elongated chisels from Mycenae
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cutting edges wider than the object
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are collectively known from Crete a
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The distribution of shaft-hole axes
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this form are unknown in the Aegean
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artisans trained in a Minoan style?
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transfer of painted plaster moved f
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producing and consuming metal tools
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the Argolid acquired specialized Hi
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traveled from region to region prac
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A complete study of metal tools req
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Dissertation Bibliography Agouridis
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BC, edited by A. B. Knapp. Altamont
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Austin: Université de Liège; Univ
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Calder, W. M., and D. A. Traill, ed
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Cline, E., and A. Yasur-Landau. 200
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des maisons et quartiers d'habitati
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Ellis, R. S. 1968. Foundation Depos
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Gale, N. H., and Z. A. Stos-Gale. 1
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Laffineur and P. P. Betancourt. Li
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Homerica, edited by H.-G. Buchholz
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Marinatos. Stockholm: Svenska Insti
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———. 2004. Wheat, Barley, Flo
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London, G. A. 2002. Women Potters a
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33: 61-87. Moran, W. L., ed. 1992.
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Nebelsick, L. 2000. Rent Asunder: R
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Oldest Capital City of the Hittites
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Poursat, J.-C. 1978. Travaux de L'
Page 418 and 419:
Ruscillo, D. 2006. Catalogue of Mis
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———. 2006a. Catalogue of Misc
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Stewart, J. 1961. The Early Bronze
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Metallurgy in the Bronze Age. Proce
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Walberg, G. 1998. Excavations on th
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Seventh International Symposium at
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Volume 2 APPENDIX 1: Figures (diagr
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Total quantity 2000 1500 1000 500 0
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Carpentry/ masonry 2253 (42.4%) Fig
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Figure 3.5b - Agricultural tools: q
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Figure 3.9d - Cyprus LBA quantities
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Medium, 67 Figure 3.11 - Distributi
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Billet = 1 Mold = 1 Wedge, socketed
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Percentage 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
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Quantity Quantity 1400 1200 1000 80
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2 nd mill. (n=17) Spatula/scraper =
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General 2 nd millennium (n=20) Knif
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Total quantity 400 300 200 100 0 17
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Figure 3.26b: Carpentry/Masonry too
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Single/flat ax (n=370) 185 (40.7%)
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General 2 nd millennium (n=21) Sing
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General 2 nd millennium (n=89) Shaf
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Figure 4.1: Shaft-hole axes: region
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Figure 4.2: Doubles axes: regional
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Cutting edge width (cm) 12 10 8 6 4
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Tool series N Mean of ratio Standar
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Figure 4.7: Single/flat axes: regio
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Cutting edge width (cm) 8 7 6 5 4 3
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Figure 4.10: Chisels: Scatter plots
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Cutting edge width (cm) 7 6 5 4 3 2
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Chisels by size Number Ratio Mean S
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Cutting edge width (cm) 3 2.5 2 1.5
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Figure 4.17: Ax-adzes: regions meas
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Figure 4.19: Hollow cylindrical met
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Figure 4.20 continued: Saw measurem
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G,1 (30) F3, (2) F2, (2) E2, (2) E1
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F3, (7) F2, (9) F1, (11) G1, (37) E
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F2, (2) F3, (1) G1, (4) E1, (27) E2
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1-5 6-15 16-30 31-50 51-100 100 + S
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Figure 5.1: Tool frequencies and di
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Figure 5.2 continued - Hoards from
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Figure 5.3 continued - Hoards from
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Hoards: 1 - 13 are from Crete 1: Sa
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40 51 19 38 34 45 48 33 36 46 28 29
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Proximity Matrix for the tool types
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Narrow chisel Flat/single ax Shaft-
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Plate 4.3: Shaft-hole ax from Cypru
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Plate 4.9: Andronianoi (Euboea) dou
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Plate 4.15 Single/flat ax from Kata
Page 521 and 522:
Plate 4.22: Chisel of size 3; Enkom
Page 523 and 524:
Plate 4.33: Double adze: from the G
Page 525 and 526:
Plate 4.39: Trésor de Bronzes adze
Page 527 and 528:
Plate 4.47: Saw type 3: Boğazköy-
Page 529 and 530:
Plate 5.1: Katamachi hoard - Ioanni
Page 531 and 532:
Plate 5.7: MX 541 - Double or singl
Page 533 and 534:
Plate 5.13: Chisel fragment; MX 519
Page 535 and 536:
Tsountas hoard, double axes 9 doubl
Page 537 and 538:
Plate 5.23: Double ax fragment-Anth
Page 539 and 540:
Plate 5.27: Enkomi Gunnis Hoard - (
Page 541 and 542:
L: hammer-adze R: double adze fragm
Page 543 and 544:
Appendix 3: Second Millennium BC Me
Page 545 and 546: Carpentry/masonry tools 1 total: 1
Page 547 and 548: Tool count and frequency 4 (14.3%)
Page 549 and 550: Other objects 2 awls, 1 large scrap
Page 551 and 552: Tool count and frequency 4 (44.4%)
Page 553 and 554: 15 th -14 th century: LH II - IIIA1
Page 555 and 556: Other objects 1 bronze weight with
Page 557 and 558: Likelihood of hoard Definite 46. Gr
Page 559 and 560: Nicosia, Cyprus Museum (inv. Enkomi
Page 561 and 562: Bibliography Taylor 1957, 20, 86-90
Page 563 and 564: (…/1520.12,13,14,15); 18 castings
Page 565 and 566: cauldron fragments), 1 ingot fragme
Page 567 and 568: Other objects 45 sickles, 3 swords,
Page 569 and 570: Context and date of 46.3, 47.1-4 Pi
Page 571 and 572: Sites & Object types Specific date
Page 595: Sites & Object types Specific objec
Page 599 and 600: Sites & Object types Specific objec
Page 603 and 604: Sites & Object types Lefkas: genera
Page 621 and 622: Sites & Object types Specific perio
Page 647 and 648:
Sites & Object types Specific objec
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Page 687 and 688:
Sites & Object types Specific perio
Page 689 and 690:
Page 691:
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Middle and Late Bronze Age Metal Tools from the Aegean, Eastern ...

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