BRIBERY IN CLASSICAL ATHENS Kellam ... - Historia Antigua
BRIBERY IN CLASSICAL ATHENS Kellam ... - Historia Antigua BRIBERY IN CLASSICAL ATHENS Kellam ... - Historia Antigua
Conover Bribery in Classical Athens Chapter One democracy, a figure aligned with a number of distinct social types at specific periods within Athens’ history. Through most of the fifth century, the dōrodokos was like a disobedient citizen (Chapter Two). A different type emerged in the last quarter of the fifth century and especially in the decades after the rule of the Thirty Tyrants, as the dōrodokos became a thief of sorts, someone who was plundering the polity for his own gain (Chapter Three). And finally, in the middle half of the fourth century, amid the constant threat of civil conflict throughout the Greek world, the dōrodokos was a traitor (Chapter Four). On a relational view of bribery, there are a number of factors that contributed to the dōrodokos’ transformation from a disobedient citizen to a thief and traitor, and our focus in these chapters will be on understanding precisely why this diachronic development occurred. Changing social configurations, both inside and outside politics, created different patterns in which the frame of bribery might arise. This, in turn, created changing patterns of how social relations were leveraged within politics—for what kinds of duties, how often or how thoroughly they were leveraged—and, consequently, shifted the frames through which Athenians conceptualized the civic obligations of public official and citizen, alike. Of course, these factors shifted the ways in which the regular, legitimate monies used to negotiate social relationships in politics were conceptualized, as well. One of the most striking stories we will trace, then, is how the monies of dōrodokia were constantly counterpoised with the monies of democracy. There are two components to this argument, each of which will be fleshed out in the chapters to come. First, the dōrodokos was consistently thought to weigh illegitimate bribe monies against legitimate political 79
Conover Bribery in Classical Athens Chapter One payments (honors, gifts, tribute, etc.). What is more, each set of monies, whether legitimate or not, was used as a conceptual metaphor for the relationship between official (and often citizen) and community. The monies of dōrodokia and democracy, alike, were thus used as conceptual proxies for the relationships they signified. By tracing the changing ways in which dōrodokia was configured, we will thus throw into relief how the Athenians used political monies—and above all their dark twin, dōra—to think through relationships within their polity. For each period of the democracy we will ask who the dōrodokos was and what role he was thought to play amid these shifting social, political, and economic circumstances. By no means was ‘the’ Athenian perspective on the dōrodokos monolithic; again, for each distinct notion of polity, there was a distinct view of bribery, as well. However, within each period the views of a range of Athenians tended to converge on who the dōrodokos was; in turn, these narratives were used to think through broader political commitments about what the democracy should be. Accordingly, in Chapters Five, Six, and Seven we will examine how such narratives factored into public policy, helped shape public discourse, and thereby constituted a vital part of politics in practice. 80
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Conover Bribery in Classical Athens Chapter One<br />
payments (honors, gifts, tribute, etc.). What is more, each set of monies, whether<br />
legitimate or not, was used as a conceptual metaphor for the relationship between official<br />
(and often citizen) and community. The monies of dōrodokia and democracy, alike, were<br />
thus used as conceptual proxies for the relationships they signified. By tracing the<br />
changing ways in which dōrodokia was configured, we will thus throw into relief how<br />
the Athenians used political monies—and above all their dark twin, dōra—to think<br />
through relationships within their polity.<br />
For each period of the democracy we will ask who the dōrodokos was and what<br />
role he was thought to play amid these shifting social, political, and economic<br />
circumstances. By no means was ‘the’ Athenian perspective on the dōrodokos<br />
monolithic; again, for each distinct notion of polity, there was a distinct view of bribery,<br />
as well. However, within each period the views of a range of Athenians tended to<br />
converge on who the dōrodokos was; in turn, these narratives were used to think through<br />
broader political commitments about what the democracy should be. Accordingly, in<br />
Chapters Five, Six, and Seven we will examine how such narratives factored into public<br />
policy, helped shape public discourse, and thereby constituted a vital part of politics in<br />
practice.<br />
80
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