BRITISH LICHENS

ARTHOPYRENIA PYRENULACElE 357
is doubtfully identical with Verrucaria microspora. There is no record
of a specific name" littoralis" in Taylor's FL Hib. 91-92, as quoted by
Arnold; the species there recorded V. muralis is, however, quoted by
Leighton under V. litoralis.
Hab. On shells or on rocks by the sea.-Dislr. Rare in S. England,
Wales and S.E. and N. Ireland.-B. ]Jl. Penzance, Cornwall; between
Seaton and Beer and Mudstone Bay, Brixham, Devon; Goodwick
Bay, Fishguard, 1\'Ianorbeer and Tenby, Pembrokeshire; Robin Hood's
Bay, Yorkshire; Ballinahassig, Cork; Glenarm, Antrim.
23. A. foveolata A. L. Sm. in Journ. Bot. xlix. 43 (1911).­
Thallus thin, faintly yellOWIsh-green or evanescent. Perithecia
minute, black, almost completely immersed, leaving distinct
small pits in the substratum; pcrithecial wall subentire, black
above, brown below; paraphyses very scanty or wanting, not
mucilaginous; asci cylindrical-clavate, 70-80 f1. long, 17 f1. thick,
8-spored; spores I-septate, colourless, oblong-ovate, thinner at
the ends, 15-18 mm. long, 6-7 f1. thick.
Very near the preceding species in habitat and form of spores, but
differing in size and degree of immersion of perithecia and in the less
distinct paraphyses.
Hab. On shells by the sea-shore.-B. ill. Plymouth, Devon; Robin
Hood's Bay, Yorkshire (collected by 1\'Ir. E. 1\1. Holmes).
24. A. leptotera Arn. in Flora liii. 485 (1870).-Thallus darkolivaceous-grecn,
somewhat gelatinous, smooth or cracked in
drying, subdcterminate. Perithecia black, minute, subinnate;
perithecial wall dimidlate; paraphyses breaking up or obsolete;
asci oblong, ovate; spores oblong-clavate, I-septate, the upper
cell rather thicker, colourless, 16-18 !1.long, 5 !1. thick.-Verrucaria
leptotera Nyl. in Flora xlviii. 212 (1865).
Distinguished from A. litoralis by the sub gelatinous thallus and
immersed apothecia. M. C. Knowles in Sci. Proc. Roy. Dublin Soc.
XIV. 140 (1913) notes the minute dimidiatc perithecia thickly scattered
on the surface, and the narrow spores of an almost uniform width,
in the species found by her associated with Verrucaria aquatilis on rocks
over which fresh water frequently flows; she records it also on rocks
associated with Lichina pygmrea and Verrucarta striatula.
Hab. On maritime rocks with a fairly wide range.-Distr. Rare in
the Channel Islands, S. England and E. Ireland.-B. ]Jl. Greve-au­
Lalll;,on, Jersey; Mudstone Bay, Devon; Clevedon, Somerset;
Talsarnau, Menoneth; Lough Gill, Sligo.
25. A. balodytes Am. Lichenenflora :Munchen in Ber. Bayr.
Bot. Gcs. i. Anhang 1891, 121; Olivo Exp. Syst. Lich. France ii.
2, 261 (1901).-Thallus olivaceous-brown or blackish, thin,
continuous or sparsely cracked, somewhat gelatinous. Perithecia
very small, black, slightly prominent, becoming impressed above,
numerous and somewhat congregate, intermixed with spcrmo·
gones; perithecial wall dimldiate; paraphyses few, slonder,