BRITISH LICHENS

20 CYCLOCARPINEllE Ll!lClDEA
age, may be broken up and warted-granular in the centre_ The
apothecia, usually somewhat scattered, are occasionally confluent
and difform.
Hab. On peaty and gravelly soil, very rarely on naked schIstose
boulders in mountainous regions.-Distr. Only in N. England, Wales
and on tho Grampians, Scotland; not certainly found in Ireland,
though roported from Wicklow.-B. JJf. Cader Jdns and Hhinog Fach,
Merioneth ; Snowdon, CarnarvonshIrc; Farndale Moor , Yorkshire;
Staveley Head, Westmorland; Teesdale, Durham; Ben Cruachan,
Argyll; Ben Lawers, near Loch ErICht and CraIg Calliach, Perthshire;
Lochnagar, Ben-naboord and Bcn Macdhui, Braemar, Aberdeenshire;
Ben Nevis, Invernessshire.
§ ii. BIATORA Fr. in Vet. Ak. Handl. ] 822, 263; NyI. in
Mem. Soc. Sci. Cherb. ii. 182 (1855). (PI. 5.)
Thallus very variable, at times almost obsolete. Apothecia
plane or convex, brightly coloured, biatorine, partly or very
rarely entirely black; asci usually 8-spored; spores simple,
colourless. Spermogoncs with simple rarely septate sterigmata
and straight very rarely arcuate spermatia.
As distinguished from the following Sect. Eulecidea, the apothecia
in Sect. Biatora are lighter in colour, especially in the early stages;
in many of the species they become dark with age. The colour of the
epithecium, rarely dark-brown, is never quite black. The species have
been grouped as far as possible in related series, but a final arrangement
except on artificial hnes IS, as yet, impracticable.
17. L. clnnabarina Sommed. in Vet. Ak. Handl. 115 (1823).
-Thallus eHuse, thIll, smooth or leprose-granulose, whitish
(K + yellowish, CaCI-). Apothecia adnate or appressed, somewhat
plane and obtusely margined, then convex and immargin
ate, cinnabarine-reddish; paraphyses coherent; epithecium
reddish (K + rose-coloured) ; hypothecium colourless; spores
oblong or fusiform, small, 8-12 (.J. long, 2-3 (.J. thick; hymenial
gelatine, especially the asci, bluish with iodine.-Cromb. in
Grevillea xxii. 9.
A very distmot species. readily distinguished by the oolour of the
apothccia. The thallus, whICh may spread extensively, is sprinkled
with whItish, pulvinate'soreilla. It is one of our rarest lichens, only
two fertile British specimens havmg been gathered, though the sterile
thallus may not be uncommon in the distrICt cited.
flab. On the smooth bark of old stunted birches in a wooded
mountainous region.-B. M. Mar Forest, Braemar, Aberdeenshire
(tho only British locality).
18. L .. lucida 'Ach. Meth. 74 (1803).-ThalluB eHuse, thin,
leprose, rarely granulose, yellow, citrine-yellow or yellowish-green
(K -, CaCl-). Apothecia minute, scattered, plane or convex,
very thinly margined or immarginate, pale lemon-yellow; spores
oblong-ovoid or narrowly obovate, simple, colourless, minute,
4-6 (.J. long, 2-2,5 (.J. thick; hypothecium colourless; paraphyses
stoutish, coherent: epithecium granulose; hymenial gelatine