BRITISH LICHENS

264 GRAPHIDINEAi} OPEGRAPHA
1811; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 43 & in Sm. Engl. Fl. v. 145; Grev. Fl.
Edin. 352; Tayl. in Mackay FI: Rib. ii. 106; Leight. in Ann.
Mag. Nat. Rist. ser. 2, xiii. 207, t. 5, f. 13a (excl. fl. lithYl'ga and
steriza, incl. var. stenocal'pa Leight. 1. c. 209, f. 13, la (1854}) &
Lieh. Fl. 383; ed. 3, 406 (incl. f. stenocal'pa); Mudd Man. 232
(inel. vars. stenocal'pa Leight. & dubia Mudd); Cromb. Lieh.
Brit. 99 (exel. f. hthYl'ga). O. stenocarpa Aeh. Lich. Univ. 257
(181O) pro parte. O. amplwtem Nyl. in Flora xlix. 374 (1866);
Leight. in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, xix. 406 (1867) & Lich. Fl.
386; ed. 3, 410; Cromb. Lieh. Brit. 99. O. devulgata Nyl. in
Flora lxii. 358 (1879); Cromb. in Grevillea viii. 113. Lichen
vulgatus Aeh. Lieh. Suee. Pro dr. 21 (1798) (exel. syn.). Hystel'ina
vulgata Gray Nat. Arr. i. 506 (1821).
Exsicc. Bohl. n. 127; Leight. nos. 194, 312 (as O. dubia
Leight.), 381; Mudd n. 211; Larb. Lieh. Hb. 110; Johns. n. 464.
Distmguished from the preccding species by the form of the spores,
which show consIderable variation III length and septation according
to the stage of development. The apothecia vary greatly in size, being
sometImes very long and numerous (f. stenocarpa), though usually both
short and long frUIts occur on the same speCImen. The thallus, usually
brownish-green, is greYIsh and continuous when it occurs on pmes
(0. amphotera Ny!.). (See Verrucaria niveoatra, p. 322, for spermogones.)
Hab. On the bark of trees; rarely on wood.-Distr. Frequent in
the Channel Islands, England and Ireland; somewhat rare in Scotland,
though probably overlooked.-B. M. Rozel Manor, Jersey; Wlthiel
and near Penzance, Cornwall; Torquay, Devon; New Forest, Hants;
Woolsenbury. Saddlescomb, Mount Harry, Hayward's Heath, Wivelsfield,
Charlton Forest and near Plumpton, Sussex; Brasted, Kent;
Northampton; Twycross, Leicestershire; Suffolk; Sutton, Haughmond
Hill and near Shrewsbury, Shropshire; Mundon, Chalkney
Woods, Hadleigh Woods, Vlting and Eppmg Forest, Essex; Worces-
. terahire; Coltlshall and Yarmouth, Norfolk; Madingley Park, Cambridgeshire;
Easby Wood and Ayton, Cleveland, YorkshIre; Monmouth;
Dolgelly, Merioneth; Trafriw, Gwydir Woods, Bettws-y-Coed and
Bryn Maelgwyn, Carnarvonshlre; 1. of Man; Levens Park, Westmorland;
Eskdale, Cumberland; Airds, Appin, Argyll; Killin and near
Callander, Perthshire; Deer Park, Castle martyr and near Cork, Blackwater
Bridge, Dimsh, Tore Mt., Deer Park and Derrycumhy, Killarney,
and Glenear, Kerry; 'Castleconnel and Carrigogunnel, Limenck.
Val'. siderella Nyl. in Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherb. v. 131
(1857) & in Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. ser. 3, i. 405 (1856).-Thallus
usually smooth. Apothecia narrow, often slightly flattened,
growing in more or less radiate-stellate groups; spermogones
with shorter slightly-bent or straight spermatia 3-6 fL long,
1 fL thick.-Mudd Man. 233. Val'. subsidel'ella Nyl. Lich. Scand.
255 (1861); Cromb. Lich. Brit. 99; f. subsidel'ella Leight. Lich.
Fl. 385 (1871); ed. 3, 407. O. hapaleoides Nyl. in Flora Iii. 296
(1869) 1 Cromb. in Journ. Bot. xi. 135 (1873); Leight. Lieh. Fl.
ed. 3, 408. Lichen siderellus Aeh. Lieh. Suee. Pro dr. 24 (1798) 1
Exsicc. Mudd n. 212; Larb. Lieh. Rb. n. 78 (as O. hapaleoides).